Transcript ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design

Engineering 11
Defining
Design Prob
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
[email protected]
Engineering-11: Engineering Design
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Recall the Design-Process
Formulating
Problem
Generating
Alternatives
ReDesign
Iteration
Analyzing
Alternatives
 What, Exactly,
is a “Design
Problem”
Evaluating
Alternatives
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Engineering Design Problems
 Engineering Designs Generally Fall into
Two Broad Categories
• Remedial
• New Product
 Remedial Problems
• There is a Clearly Identified Issue with An
Existing Product or System – A Solution is
Needed NOW
– Basically IMPROVEMENT or Trouble-Shooting
 e.g., Toyota Gas Pedal Recall
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
NewProduct Design Problems
 Generally a “Clean Sheet” Process
 Requirements Specified Quite Broadly
 Require The Maximum Application of
Engineering Capability
• Creativity
• Quantitative & Graphical Skill
• Teamwork
• Application of Science & Mathematics
See also: http://www.asa3.org/ASA/education/think/intro.htm
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Types of Design Problems
 Remedial
CURRENT Product
Does NOT Work
CURRENT Product
Does NOT Exist
Describe as
“Product Deficiency”
Describe as
“Product Opportunity”
Tightly Focused
Engineering Design
Open-Ended
Engineering Design
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 New Product
Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
What is a “Product”
 One Definition of a “Product” ≡ An item
that is purchased & used as a UNIT
 Some Examples of Products
 Cell Phone
 WhiteBoard Marker
 Brick
 Milling Machine
 Coffee Maker
 Door Stop
 Propane Blow Torch
 Peeled Potato Sorter
 Oil Tanker
 F22 Fighter Jet
 UV MicroScope
 Digital OscilloScope
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Anatomy of a Designed Product
 Component ≡ A identifiable “piece”, or
SubSet of a larger System or Object
 The Classes of Components that
Comprise the Design of a typcial
Physical (touchable) Object
• Parts
– A “Part” is typically a MonoLithic Object that
canNOT be NonDestructively DisAssembled
• SubAssembly
– Comprised of “Parts”, can be DisAssembled
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Anatomy of a Designed Product
 Two Classes of Parts
• Purchased, or Standard Parts
– Typically SELECTED from a CATALOG
– Also called “Off the Shelf” parts
• Designed, or Special-Purpose Parts
(a.k.a., “Piece Parts”)
– Designed for a Specific-Need
– Typically “Fabricated” from “BluePrint(s)”
– May Become a Standard Part if it has a
broad market; it then enters the “Catalog”
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
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Example Standard Part
(McMaster-Carr)
Catalog
Ordering
Number
Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Anatomy of a Designed Product
 Similarly Two Classes of SubAssys
• Purchased, or Standard SubAssys
– Typically SELECTED from a CATALOG
– Also called “Off the Shelf” assemblies
• Designed, or Special-Purpose SubAssy
– Designed for a Specific-Need
– Typically Special and/or Standard Parts
“Assembled” (Put ToGether) from “BluePrint(s)”
– May Become a Standard SubAssy if it has a
broad market; it then enters the “Catalog”
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
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Example Std SubAssy
(Grainger Insdustrial)
Catalog
Ordering
Number
Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Design (De)Composition
 During the Case Study we saw how the
“chunks” of the design could be brokendown or “DeComposed” in Categories
• Purchased/Standard Catalog-Parts
• Designed Piece-Parts
• Purchased/Standard SubAssys
• Designed SubAssys
– ThemSelves “composed” of
Standard & Designed Catalog/Piece Parts
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Reverse Engineering
 The first step in
Analyzing an
Existing Design
is the
DeComposition
of the “chunks”
that comprise the
design.
 Example:
“Simple” Carrot
Grater & Chipper
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
DeCompose Grater/Chipper
Designed SubAssy
Purchased SubAssy
Designed PiecePart
Purchased CatalogPart
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Process/Manufacturing Plants
 Engineers also Design Process &
Manufacturing Plants” (Usually called
“Factories”)
 Plants themselves are usually not
regarded as “Products”; instead they
PRODUCE Products
 Plants are LARGE systems that take
Inputs and Add Value to Make or
Produce a Product
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Plant Examples
 The inputs to Almost ALL plants
• Raw or Partially Finished MATERIAL
• ENERGY- typically Electrical or Thermal
• Human LABOR
 Examples
• Pickle Factory
– Main Materials: Cucumbers, Water, Salt, Spices
• Automobile – Extremely Sophisticated
• Gasoline Refinery – Matl is Crude Oil
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Plant Design
 Plants are almost always “Custom”
• i.e.; they are “One-of-a-Kind”
 Plant Design Engineers Use Slightly
Different Terminology than do Product
Design Engineers
 Product Designers
• Sub ASSEMBLIES
• PARTS
 Plant Designer
• Sub SYSTEMS
• EQUIPMENT
– a.k.a. (Machine) Tools
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
PLA Plant Design by M. Quemada

Engineering-11: Engineering Design
PLA (Poly Lactic
Acid, derived from
corn) is a nanocomposite
biodegradable
material
•
It is free of
synthetic resin
and degrades
completely in the
natural
environment.
•
PLA provides
similar properties
to Nylon, PS, PP,
& PE
Bruce Mayer, PE
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See also
http://online.chabotcollege.edu/bmayer/ChabotEngineeringCourses/ENGR10_Into_to_Engrng/E10_Guest_Speakers/MQuemada_Chabot_ENGR10_Fa08.ppt
Electrical
Space
Heater
Space Heater Decomposition
Fan
Enclosure
Electrical
Controls
Heating
Element
Blade Assy
Housing
Fan Switch
Ceramic
BackPlate
Motor
Guard
Screen
Heater
Switch
NiChrome
Wire
TipOver
Switch
Power Cord
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
DeComp Diagram Utility
 Understand the interaction between
components
 Consider standard parts versus special
purpose parts (buy vs. make)
 Divide the design problem into separate
sub-problems; i.e., identify decisions.
 Analyze the Strengths & Weaknesses
of existing Designs for products or
processing/manufacturing plants
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Types of Engineering Design
Easier
 ReDesign  modifying the “form”
 Selection Design  choosing from
existing standard parts/subassemblies
 Variant Design  modifying existing
part or subassembly, but keeping
original concept
 Adaptive Design  adapting known
solution to new task
Harder
 Original Design  new concept,
part/product never existed before
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
NOT Engineering Design
 Artistic Design  “Curb Appeal”
• “Industrial Designers” are the “Architects”
of Engineered-Product Design
– Determine QUALITATIVELY the FORM (size &
shape) and FEEL (color & texture) but Do NOT
Apply Science & Math
 Tinkering  to work in the manner of a
tinkerer; especially: to repair, adjust, or
work with something in an unskilled or
experimental manner (No Sci/Math)
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Industrial Design 
No No.s (few anyway)
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Type of Design by Phases
Formulation
original
design
adaptive
design
Concept Design
selection
design
variant
design
Configuration
Design
Configuration
Design
Parametric
Design
Parametric
Design
Parametric
Design
Detail Design
Detail Design
Detail Design
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Detail Design
Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Summary
 Products and Process-Plants have an
anatomy of components
 Components include parts & subassemblies
 Process-Plant components include systems
and equipment
 Components can be standard or
special purpose
 Component decomposition diagrams can be
very useful
 Types of design include: original, variant,
selection, adaptive, redesign
 Artistic-Design & Tinkering are not really
Engineering design
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
All Done for Today
CCA
Math
Class
 These 3 Units of Math
are Required for the BA
in Industrial Design
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MATHS200 Mathematical Ideas
Mathematical ideas have always
influenced societies, and artists are
often among the first to explore and
express their meanings and
implications. This course presents a
variety of mathematical ideas from
across cultures and times, particularly
those that are still useful to artists,
craftspeople, architects, and
designers, from the mathematics of
nature to modern computers. Each
class involves visual presentations
and hands-on activities from the
course reader/workbook for exploring
mathematical ideas. Homework each
week involves creating something
original to demonstrate an
understanding of the mathematical
ideas. The textbook supplements the
ideas and helps prepare for
upcoming class sessions.
Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Engineering 11
Appendix
Bruce Mayer, PE
Registered Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
[email protected]
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt
Degrees from CCA
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Bruce Mayer, PE
[email protected] • ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt