Transcript Safety Enhancement at NPPs in Pakistan by Ayub

Safety Enhancement at Nuclear Power
Plants in Pakistan
Presented by: Muhammad Ayub
Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority
Prospects of Nuclear Energy in Pakistan: Vision 2025
Organized by SASSI on 11th March 2014
Nuclear Safety
Nuclear safety depends on the various provisions
made at all stages in the design, construction,
operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities
to protect man and environment against the
dispersal of radioactive substances under all
circumstances, or in other words actions that:
• Ensure the facilities are operating normally,
• Prevent incidents and accidents,
• Mitigate the consequences of incidents or
accidents that may occur.
2
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY:
THE LESSONS LEARNED FROM EXPERIENCE
Successive stages in the development of safety
1970s: A decade devoted to technical reliability, when the priority
was the quality of equipment and procedures, and efforts were
concentrated on design.
1980s: A decade devoted to accounting for human error and
compensating for it by organization.
1990s: A decade which saw the emergence of the concept of safety
culture
2000s: A decade in which severe accident were considered at
NPPs. Severe accident management guidelines has been
developed to mitigate the consequences.
3
Fundamental Safety Functions of
Nuclear Reactor
Reactivity
Control
Cooling
the Fuel
Confinement of
Radioactivity
IAEA Action Plan for Nuclear Safety
Post Fukushima Actions
IAEA issued action plan in 2011 to further
strengthen nuclear safety comprising of following
areas:
 External Events
 Design Issues (common cause failure, station blackout,
etc.)
 Severe Accident Management
 National Organizations (Independent Regulatory Body)
 Emergency preparedness and response and post accident
management (offsite)
 International Cooperation
5
Post Fukushima Policy on
Nuclear Power Program
Pakistan is fully committed to implement the IAEA Action
Plan on Nuclear Safety. During the IAEA Ministerial
conference held at Vienna in June 2011, Head of the
Pakistani delegation declared that:
 Safe and sustainable nuclear energy is essential in the national
energy mix to advance our development and Pakistan continue the
nuclear power program
 Started re-assessment of existing nuclear power plants
 Highest priority to nuclear safety is imperative for the sustainability
and expansion of nuclear power.
 No room for complacency
Independent Regulatory Body
(PNRA)
PNRA as an independent Regulatory Body in
Pakistan is responsible for regulatory oversight at
nuclear installation and radiation facilities. Following
are the licensed Nuclear Power Plants.
 Karachi NPP Operating since 1972 and its life was
extended based on the review of Periodic Safety Report
 Chashma NPP Unit-1, Operating since 2000
 Chashma NPP Unit- 2 Operating since 2011
 Chashma NPPs Unit- 3 & 4 under construction and
installation phase, planned to commence operation in
2016/17
7
Review of PNRA Nuclear Safety
Regulations
PNRA considered necessary to revisit its own
regulatory framework in the light of Fukushima
accident
 Regulations for the Safety of Nuclear Installations-Site
Evaluation - PAK/910
 Regulations for the Safety of Nuclear Power Plant
Design - PAK/911
 Regulations for the Safety of Nuclear Power Plants
Operation - PAK/913
 Regulations for Management of
Radiological Emergency - PAK/914
a
Nuclear
or
8
PNRA Issued Special Directives to
the Licensees of NPPs
 Re-assessment of natural hazards
 Assessment of availability of infrastructure (necessary for
plant safety such as AC power supply sources, heat sink) in
case of extreme natural events.
 Re-assessment of the design features in case of Station
Blackout (loss of all AC power) for extended duration
 Re-evaluation of the design features for controlling
hydrogen
 Re-assessment of Accident Management strategies
 Re-evaluation and strengthening of off-site emergency
preparedness plans and implementing procedures and its
demonstration
PNRA Issued Special Directives to
the Licensees of NPP
Required the licensee to submit the detailed time
specific action plan for the proposed
reassessments:
 Short-term actions to be completed within six
months
 Medium-term actions to be completed within one
to two years
 Long-term actions to be completed in more than
two years
Fukushima Response Action Plan
FRAP by PAEC
PAEC developed and submitted Fukushima Response Action
Plan for C-1/C-2 and K-1 to PNRA. Progress of the plan is
reviewed periodically by PAEC Corporate office and reported
to PNRA. Some major areas of FRAP are given below.
Areas of Concern
Areas of Concern
1
External Natural Hazards
6
Hydrogen Hazard
2
Make-Shift AC Power
7
Containment Integrity
3
DC Power Capacity
8
Spent Fuel Cooling
4
Fire Protection and
Control
9
EOPs, SAMGs (On-Site Actions)
5
Emergency Core Cooling
10
Emergency Preparedness (Off-Site
Actions)
Conclusion
The fulfillment of PNRA regulations is
ensured through comprehensive
regulatory oversight process, inspection
and enforcement and strict vigilance is
exercised during all phases of nuclear
power plants to ensure that safety
requirements are fulfilled.
12
Thank you for your
attention