Transcript Themes of Biology
Themes of Biology
Biology CPA Miss Colabelli
Biology
The study of life Biologists study the smallest organisms, like bacteria, to large animals like elephants Many different types of biology Nutritional Micro Pathology
Characteristics of Life
All living things have similar qualities Broken down into 7 characteristics of life Organization Response to stimulus Homeostasis Metabolism Development Reproduction Evolution
Organization
Degree of order when an organism’s internal and external parts Each living organism is made of one or more cells Cell tissue system organ organism organ
Response to Stimuli
Living organisms have the ability to respond to a stimulus Can be a physical change In response to the environment Necessary for an organism to survive in their environment and stay alive
Homeostasis
Organisms must maintain an internal balance Due to environmental change Regulatory system in order to keep balance Body temperature Salt intake and water intake
Metabolism
Organisms need to make energy from their environment Humans eat food in order to get energy Plants make their food from the sun and water
Growth and Development
All living things grow and increase in size Done by division and making new cells Cell division is when one cell is made from a pre-existing cell Development is the process of an organism maturing into an adult
Reproduction
Process of living things producing themselves Essential for continuing a species Some organisms lay eggs, some have a baby grow internally The process of two organism passing their DNA to its offspring is sexual reproduction Two parents one or more organisms The process of one organism making an identical copy of itself is asexual reproduction One parent 2 daughter cell
Evolution
Change over time Populations of an organism can change based on environmental conditions Important for survival in a changing world
Diversity & Unity of Life
All living things have features that are common
Tree of Life
Tree of Life
How scientists organize organisms into groups that are similar to each other Scientists believe we descended from one common ancestor (the roots)
Tree of Life
The common ancestor branched out into diverse species Organisms change due to their environment
Three Domains of Life
Interdependence
Organisms interacting with each other Ecology is the study of organisms interacting with each other When ecologists study organisms in a specific environment it is called an
ecosystem
Ecosystem
Human Impact
Humans have been on earth for a very small amount of time Our impact on the planet has been drastic Think of some environmental changes humans have caused…
Evolution of Life
Organisms change over time BUT their genetic characteristics do not Populations that change over time is known as evolution
Misconceptions
Evolution
Descent with modification when inherited traits within a population Small changes over a long period of time that a new genetically distinct new species can arise Tree of life is a symbol for this evolution over time
Natural Selection
Organisms that have favorable traits are better able to survive and pass on their traits to next generation
What do you see?
Black & Peppered Moths
Adaptation
Traits that improve an individuals ability to survive White rabbit and short ears in snowy place The individuals that survive are able to pass on traits to next generation
Analyzing Graphics
Would you think that Archaea are more closely related to Bacteria or Eukarya?
Review
Why is evolution important in helping explain the diversity of life?
What is the difference between evolution and natural selection?
Make a hypothesis
Fossil evidence shows that bats descended from shrewlike organisms that could not fly. Write a hypothesis for how natural selection might have led to flying bats.
Designing and Experiment
Scientific Method Observation Question Form a hypothesis Experiment Data collection and analysis Conclusion
Observation and Question
Begins with observing something in nature 2 types of observation Qualitative – using senses Quantitative – measurement Wondering how or what about it Ex: Observation: Owls capture prey in the dark Question: How do owls detect prey in the dark?
Hypothesis
Possible answers for question in mind that you can test with an experiment Educated guess of how something occurs Can be more than one Ex: Owls hunt in the dark by vision Owls hunt in the dark by hearing Owls hunt in the dark by sensing body heat
Experiment
Design an experiment to test your hypothesis Controlled experiment Control group What you compare data to Experimental group What you are testing for Independent variable What is being tested for (ex: presence or absence of light) Dependent variable How the experiment responds (ex: if the owl can catch its prey)
Collecting/Analyzing Data
Collecting Data Usually quantitative data Compare experimental results to controlled results Analyzing Data Compare results to other studies and refine hypothesis Create charts, graphs, tables to show data
Conclusion
Either supports or rejects your original hypothesis If it supports Can move on to construct a theory with research If it rejects Refine and change hypothesis and create new experiment