 Answer these two questions:  1. Why would Washington warn against political parties and entangling alliances? Think about the possible dangers of each.

 2. If you were back in the 1790s, which party would you be for; the Federalists or the Republicans? Why? Think about which philosophies you agree with.

 John Adams (Federalist) vs Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican)

 Federalist  From Massachusetts  Lawyer—Harvard  Vice President under Washington  President 1796-1800

• • • • • • • French angry over Jay’s Treaty French continued to seize ships Sent 3 delegates over to Paris to negotiate Delegates were to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand  Instead met with three low level officials (XYZ) XYZ tried to force American officials to pay $250,000 American’s outraged with French US began to build a navy  seize French ships

 Anti-French sentiment continues  French agents are everywhere.

Americans think  This leads to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts

Alien Acts

 Raised Residence requirement to become a citizen from 5 years to 14 years  President could deport or jail any alien considered undesirable

Sedition Acts

 Government could jail and fine anyone who expresses “false, scandalous, and malicious statements against the government.”

 Write down on your index card:  Do you think the Alien and Sedition Acts were constitutional? Why or why not?

  Think about what they prohibit What amendment or right does this possibly break?

 Jefferson and Madison strongly disagreed with the Alien and Sedition Acts  Passed resolutions that were approved in KY and VA  Stated that the Acts should be nullified  VA and KY stated that they had the right to declare null and void federal laws that broke the Constitution

 Thomas Jefferson Democratic Republican  Supported by poor farmers  Favored Popular Democracy & States’ Rights  John Adams-Federalist  Supported by wealthy  Supported strong Fed Gov’t

 From Virginia  Monticello  Anti-Federalist  Main Author of the Declaration of Independence  Vice President under Adams  Third President of the United States

 Adams passes the Judiciary Act of 1801: increases Supreme Court Judges to 16  Adams fills these positions the night before he leaves office  “midnight judges”  Marbury was one  Jefferson states that since the papers had not been delivered the appointments were invalid

 Marbury sued Sec of State Madison for not following the Judiciary Act  Chief Justice Marshall declares the Judiciary Act is Unconstitutional  Establishes the Power of Judicial Review

 The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional  Constitutional: are those laws consistent with what it says in the Constitution  Establishment of Judicial Review expands the Supreme Court’s power and the federal government’s power

Election of 1800

 Thomas Jefferson Democratic Republican  Supported by poor farmers  Favored Popular Democracy & States’ Rights  John Adams Federalist  Supported by wealthy  Supported strong Fed Gov’t

Thomas Jefferson

     From Virginia  Monticello Anti-Federalist Main Author of the Declaration of Independence Vice President under Adams Third President of the United States

Marbury vs Madison

    Adams passes the Judiciary Act of 1801: increases Supreme Court Judges to 16 Adams fills these positions the night before he leaves office  “midnight judges” Marbury was one Jefferson states that since the papers had not been delivered the appointments were invalid

Marbury vs. Madison

 Marbury sued Sec of State Madison for not following the Judiciary Act  Chief Justice Marshall declares the Judiciary Act is Unconstitutional  Establishes the Power of Judicial Review

Judicial Review

   The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional Constitutional: are those laws consistent with what it says in the Constitution Establishment of Judicial Review expands the Supreme Court’s power and the federal government’s power

Marshall Court

   McCulloch vs Maryland Issue: Do states have the right to tax a federal agency?

Decision:  No, states cannot tax a federal agency   Rule Bank of US constitutional Strengthens federal power

Marshall Court

   Gibbons vs Ogden Issue: Whether the New York law that prohibited vessels (ships) licensed by the US from navigating the waters of New York was unconstitutional and therefore void.

Decision:  Only Congress has the power to regulate interstate trade

Louisiana Purchase

Louisiana Purchase

 Bought in 1803 from France  Doubles the land  in the US Expands presidential power

Lewis and Clark

 Sent to explore the new territory  Take down information and data on land, plants and animals

Embargo of 1807

 Britain is blockading France by sea to hurt trade  seize 1,000 American Ships  Impress American Sailors (kidnap and force American sailors to fight in British Navy)  Jefferson declares an embargo  ban on exporting goods to other countries  Goal: to hurt Britain and other European powers economically  Result: Hurts Americans more  Embargo lifted in 1809