Transcript Regulatory Oversight of Physical Protection and Nuclear

Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority
Regulatory Oversight of
Physical Protection and
Nuclear Security
Abdul Shakoor
Directorate of Physical Protection and Nuclear Security
11th March 2014, Islamabad
Contents
• What is Nuclear Security?
• Objectives and Essential Elements of Physical
Protection.
• Legal and Regulatory Framework
• Review & Assessment and Inspection of the
Physical Protection Program
• Promoting Security Culture
• Conclusions
What is Nuclear Security?
Physical Protection
(RF, S&M), D&IT,
MC&A, SSAC
Unauthorized
access
Theft
Other malicious
acts
Prevention
sabotage
Detection
Response
Illegal Transfer
Public
Workers
Environment
Detection at Borders,
facilities, etc.
Response at facilities,
borders, etc.
Objectives of Physical Protection of
Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities
• Protect against unauthorized removal of nuclear
material in use and storage, and during transport;
• Ensure the implementation of measures to
locate and recover missing or stolen nuclear
material;
• Protect against sabotage of nuclear facilities and
sabotage of nuclear material in use and storage
and during transport; and
• Mitigate or minimize the radiological
consequences of sabotage.
Essential Elements of Physical Protection of
Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities
Regulatory Body
State
Establishment and
implementation of National
Nuclear Security Regime for
use, storage and transport
(domestic and international)
Legislative Framework
National Threat Assessment
Establish and Enforce Regulatory
Framework
Security Culture
Graded Approach
Defence in Depth
Quality Assurance
Contingency Plans
Confidentiality
Operator
Responsibilities
National Legal & Regulatory Framework
and International Obligations
National Legal &
Regulatory Framework
Code of Conduct on
Safety and Security of
Radioactive Sources
UN Resolutions
(1540, 1373)
[not a legal binding]
IAEA Resolutions
IAEA-INFCIRC-225
CPPNM
Legal and Regulatory Framework
• PNRA Ordinance 2001, 16.2(f) empowers PNRA
“to ensure that appropriate measures for
physical protection around nuclear installation
are taken”
• PNSRP Regulation 70 of 1990 states that:
– The licensee shall be responsible to organize and
ensure the physical protection of the nuclear material
in use and storage and during transport and of
nuclear facilities, including radioactive waste
belonging to these facilities in accordance with the
provisions of these regulations and guidelines.
Regulation for Licensing of Nuclear
Installation(s) in Pakistan (PAK/909)
• Clause 6(b) Permission to Introduce Nuclear
Material into the Installation:
– On approval of the documents and demonstration of
the implementation of Emergency Preparedness
Plans and Physical Protection Program in
drills/exercises, permission to introduce nuclear
material into the systems of nuclear installation may
be granted by the Authority to complete nuclear
commissioning and perform subsequent operation
until the issuance of Operating License subject to the
availability of the required number of
licensed/authorized operating personnel.
Regulations on the Safety of Nuclear
Power Plants Operation (PAK/913)
• Clause 9:
– (1) The licensee shall take measures for physical
security and physical protection to prevent or deter
unauthorized access to, intrusion into, theft of, surface
attack on and internal or external sabotage of safety
related systems and nuclear materials
– (2) All reasonable precautions shall be taken to
prevent individuals from deliberately carrying out
unauthorized actions that could jeopardize safety.
– (3) The licensee shall have plans and procedures in
place to provide for physical protection of the site in
the event of civil disturbance.
Draft Regulations on Physical Protection of
Nuclear Installations and Nuclear Material
• Detailed Regulations on Physical
Protection of Nuclear Installations and
Nuclear Material are in the process of
development and are mainly based on
IAEA, INFCIRC-225 Rev.5 (NSS-13).
Regulatory Framework for Security of
Radioactive Sources
• According to the PAK/904 Clause 20:
1.
Sources shall be kept secure so as to prevent loss,
theft, damage and to prevent any unauthorized
transfer or access to the sources.
2.
The licensee shall maintain an accountability
system that includes records of:
3.
a.
the location and description of each source for which they
are responsible;
b.
the activity and form of each radioactive substance for
which they are responsible.
The licensee shall make arrangements for the
sources under their responsibility to be kept secure.
Nuclear Security Standards
• PNRA requirements are consistent with the IAEA
requirements and international standards:
– For Nuclear Material and Facilities: The
requirements are consistent with IAEA Nuclear
Security Fundamentals and Nuclear Security
Recommendations (INFCIRC 225/Rev.5). In some
areas PNRA is also using US-NRC standards.
– For Radioactive Sources: The requirements are
consistent with IAEA Code of Conduct on Safety and
Security of Radioactive Sources and Nuclear Security
Recommendations (NSS-14 and 15).
Review & Assessment of the Physical
Protection Program of Nuclear Facilities
• PNRA requires the licensee to establish and
implement physical protection program in
different stages:
– Construction License: PNRA reviews and approves
the plan before awarding the Construction licensee to
the facility.
– Permission to Introduce Nuclear Material into the
Installation: On approval and demonstration of the
implementation of Physical Protection Program in
drills/exercises, PNRA gives permission to introduce
nuclear material into the systems of nuclear
installation.
Concentric Security Circles
Limited Access Area
Protected Area
Vital Area
Protected Area Double fence
Review & Assessment of the Security of
Radioactive Sources
• PNRA requires users of Radioactive Sources in
Category 1-3 to prepare and submit the security
plans.
• PNRA reviews and approves the plan before
awarding the licensee to the facility.
• Licensees are required to demonstrate the
implementation of Security Plans in drills/exercises
• Licensees are also required to submit a periodic
report for the physical verification of radioactive
sources.
Inspection and Enforcement
• PNRA conducts inspections to verify that:
– The information submitted relating to physical
protection is in conformity with the actual conditions;
– The activities related to physical protection comply
with national regulations, licensing submissions
approved by PNRA and/or the terms and conditions
of the authorization/license.
– In case of non-compliances, PNRA is empowered to
take enforcement actions, ranging from issuance of
directives for necessary corrective actions, curtailing
activities and, in case of serious violations,
suspension or revocation of license.
Inspection and Enforcement
• PNRA conducts inspections to verify that:
– The information submitted relating to physical
protection is in conformity with the actual conditions;
– The activities related to physical protection comply
with national regulations, licensing submissions
approved by PNRA and/or the terms and conditions
of the authorization/license.
– In case of non-compliances, PNRA is empowered to
take enforcement actions, ranging from issuance of
directives for necessary corrective actions, curtailing
activities and, in case of serious violations,
suspension or revocation of license.
Promoting Security Culture
Protect the
Environment
Protect the
Public
Protect the
Workers
Establishing Regulatory
Framework
Security awareness among the
users of radioactive materials
and sources
Leading by example
(implementing state of the art
security system at PNRA)
Establishing control over
radioactive sources and
materials and regaining
control on orphan sources
Assistance and training of law
enforcing agencies
18
Enhancement of Security Measures
and Technological Improvements
• PNRA has recommended the licensees to upgrade the
security measures at the facilities to include technology
based solutions for physical protection.
• In this regard, PNRA is continuously supporting the
licensee’s efforts for the up-gradation of security
measures.
• The upgrades of security systems and measures have
been implemented at all the Hospitals using cat-1
sources in public and private sector. While the same
upgrades are being implemented at PAEC operated
medical centres.
Conclusions
• PNRA has substantially enhanced oversight at the
nuclear and other radiation facilities through
increased frequency of inspections.
• Our standards are consistent with the international
standards.
• All these activities of PNRA demonstrate the
State´s commitment to fulfil its international
obligations.