AP government- Ch. 3 Federalism
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Transcript AP government- Ch. 3 Federalism
Chapter 3
Definition- a system in which the nat’l gov’t
shares power with local gov’t.
States have a specifically protected existence &
authority. (Constitution)
The impact is widespread on roads, crimes, civil
liberties etc.
Degree od federalism has changes over time
a. devolution
block grants
Long term tension between nat’l and stae gov’t
include slavery, states rights, mandates,
regulation of business/ social welfare programs
Definition-
A political system with local gov’t
units, plus national ones that can make final
decisions.
Federal gov’ts- Canada. India, Germany
Unitary gov’ts- France, Great Britain,Italy
Confusion over certain
responsibilities can have dire
consequences.
Ex: Hurricanes Karina and
Rita
They block progress
and protect powerful
local interests.
Laski- they are
“poisonous and
parasitic”.
Riker- It perpetuates
rasicm.
Negative Views
Elazar- It promotes
stength, flexibility
and liberty.
Positive views
Federalism
makes good & bad effects;
A. Various political groups with different
purposes come to power in different places
B. Increased political activity
C. Small political units dominated by single
political unit- Madison, Federalist #10
Section 2
A bold new plan to protect
personal liberties.
- Neither state of federal gov’t
would have total authority.
- - New plan had no historical
precedent
- - 10th Amendment added
later
Article
I of the Constitution: Necessary and
Proper
Called elastic language because it can be
interpreted several ways
Hamilton’s
view- national gov’t has
supremacy because Constitution is supreme
law
Jefferson’s view- state’s rights with people
as the ultimate sovereign
Section 3
The
Supreme Court has supported the idea
that the federal government has supremacy
over the states.
McCulloch
v. Maryland- The Constitution’s
“necessary and proper” permits Congress to
create a national bank when it has the power
to manage currency.
The
The
doctrine that
a state can
declare null and
void a federal law,
that in the state’s
opinion, violates
the Constitution.
? of
nullification was
settled by the Civil
War. The northern
victory determined
that the union is
indissoluble and
states cannot
declare acts of
Congress
unconstitutional.
Doctrine
stating
that the nat’l
gov’t is supreme in
its sphere, the
states were
supreme in their
sphere and the
two spheres should
be kept separate.
The
Supreme Court
has recognized &
strengthened the
power of states.
A state can do
anything that is not
prohibited by the
Constitution & is
consistent with its
own constitution.
Police
Power- Laws
& regulations of a
state that promote
safety, health and
morals.
Gibbons v. Ogden- The Constitution’s
commerce clause gives the nat’l gov’t
exclusive power to regulate interstate
commerce.
Wabash v. St.Louis and Pacific Railroad v.
Illinois- The states may not regulate
interstate commerce.
United States v. Lopez- The nat’l gov’ts
power under the commerce clause doesn’t
permit it to regulate matters not directly
related to interstate commerce.
Section IV
Began before the Constitution with “land grant
colleges”-gave cash grants to states
Dramatically increased in scope in the 20th
century.
Attractive because
A. free $ for state
officials
B. federal
management of $ and
power to print more
money at will
Requires broad
congressional
coalitions
Ex: federal funds for
increased public
safety after 9/11
Ex: Homeland
Security grants
1960s
shift- from
what states
demanded to what
the federal gov’t
deemed
important, also
known as federal
activism
The
Intergovernmental Lobby
a. Hundreds of state, local officials lobby in
Washington
b. Federal agencies have staff members that
provide info, tech assistance, and financial
support to state and local organizations
c. The purpose of both is to get more federal
$$$ with fewer strings
A grant that is for a
specific purpose
defined by federal
law. It usually has
many restrictions.
Ex: build an airport,
provide $ to poor
mothers.
Categorical Grants
A grant that is used
for a general purpose
and has few
restrictions.
Also called special
revenue sharing or
broad based aid
Block Grants
Categorical Grants
Block Grants
What
are the 4 reasons why block grants and
revenue sharing did not attain the goals of
“no strings” or fiscal relief?
1. The amount of $ given was not as much as
states expected
2. The gov’t has increased “strings attached”
over time
3. Block grants are given out less than
categorical grants…gives the federal gov’t
more control.
4. Grants can cover a too wide area that it’s
difficult to see the benefits on 1 area
Conditions
of aidThe federal gov’t
tells the states
what they must do
to get $
Categorical
grants
are increasing
while block grants
are decreasing
Definition-
Terms set by the federal gov’t
that states must meet whether or not they
accept federal grants.
Most mandates have to do with the
environment, civil rights and lately people
with disabilities
Mandates for education are the lowest in
number
When the federal gov’t spends less on an
issue, it squeezes the states to spend more
for that purpose
Examples:
desegregating
schools and
busing...come
from court orders
and not federal
law
Since
the 1970sthe number of
conditions of
mandates has
increased. Free
money for
state/local gov’t
isn’t really free.
The
aim is to pass
federal
responsibilities to
the states.
Ex: AFDC- Aid to
Families with
Dependent
Children…cash
assistance to poor
mothers now state
function
2nd
Order
Devolution- A flow
of money & power
from states to
local gov’t
3rd
Order
Devolution- The
increased role of
nonprofit
organizations in
policy
implementation
Typically,
done by Republicans but increased
under Pres. Clinton.
Resulted in more government rules and
regulations.