Transcript The Furnace
Furnace Rheometer System FRS 1600
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Cooling Concept of the Air Bearing DSR 301
Side view rheometer part
Rheometer head DSR
Top view rheometer part Specifications DSR:
Max. torque Min. torque Max. speed with FRS Normal force range Air and water cooled rheometer head fixture Air cooled coupling Heat shield 200 mNm 0.05 µNm 300 1/min 0.01 to50 N B78IV001EN-B (Fluid circulator VT2 running at 20 ° C required) www.
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The Furnace : Carbolite STF 16/180
The furnace
Working Tube
The temperature control unit
X-Axis Movement (vertical) Temp. Display Power Cable
Specifications Furnace:
Max. Temperature Min. Temperature Inert Gas 1600 °C 300 °C e.g.: Ar, N2 B78IV001EN-B
Specifications Control Unit:
Power Connection Heating Connection to DSR 380V, 21A Pulsed Current Serial www.
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Preparation and Measurement of the Sample All you have to do is …
Set zero gap Lift position Sample filling Sample heating, melting Measuring position by NF control, start measurement Lift position (NF control) Reference position, cleaning B78IV001EN-B www.
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Vertical Movement Concept
Reference position for cooling and cleaning Heating position Measuring position
B78IV001EN-B Normal force controlled final positioning by stepper motor driven elevating thread www.
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Overall View
Furnace
Temperature range Temperature control Total lenght heat tube Heated lenght heat tube Constant temperature
Rheometer Head
DSR measuring head Test modes Software controls instrument and furnace 300 °C to 1600°C Eurotherm 600 mm 180 mm 80 mm Air bearing Rotation and oscillation ▸
Water measurement at 20
°
C
From very low rotating speeds up to 300 1/s Regarding the 300 mm shaft perfect concentricity and measurement results. B78IV001EN-B www.
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Measuring Systems for high Viscosity Samples as e.g. Glass melts, Lava, Basalts Cup:
C-CC
Cup-Conc. Cylinder
xx
Inner Diameter in mm
AO
Aluminum oxide
CA
Carbon
FRS
for FRS
C-CC30/AO/FRS
d(i): 30 mm, d(o): 40 mm h(i): 60 mm
C-CC30/CA/FRS
d(i): 30 mm, d(o): 40 mm h(i): 60 mm
Bob:
D-CC
Disposable-Conc. Cylinder
xx
Inner diameter in mm
AO
Aluminum oxide
CA
Carbon
FRS
for FRS
D-CC11/AO/FRS
d: 11.4 mm L: 30 mm
D-CC11/CA/FRS
d: 11.4 mm L: 30 mm
D-CC15/AO/FRS
d: 15 mm L: 20 mm
D-CC15/CA/FRS
d: 15 mm L: 20 mm
Other materials and dimensions on request.
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Cups for powders and bulk goods
(Larger volume in a non-molten state)
C-CC30/CA/FRS/XL C-CC30/OA/FRS/XL
d(i): 30 mm, d(o): 40 mm h(i):
80 mm
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Standard Measuring Systems for low Viscosity Samples as e.g. Metal Melts Bob:
D-CC
Disposable-Conc. Cylinder
xx
Inner cylinder diameter in mm
AO
Aluminum oxide
CA
Carbone
FRS
for FRS
D-CC27.6/AO/FRS
d: 27.6 mm L: 41.4 mm
D-CC25/CA/FRS
d: 25 mm L: 37.5 mm
D-CC27/CA/FRS
d: 26.66 mm L: 40 mm
D-CC27.6/CA/FRS
d: 27.6 mm L: 41.4 mm
D-CC29/CA/FRS
d: 29 mm L: 41.4 mm
Other materials and dimensions on request.
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Applications, Impressions and Standards
Possible applications:
▸ ▸ ▸ ▸
metal melts glass melts coal ash, slags lava, basalte, rocks
(Withdrawn 2009) B78IV001EN-B www.
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Metal (1)
▸ The FRS is the only reasonable decision for metal melts, because of the low viscosities which can only be measured with an air bearing rheometer ▸
Potential costumers:
▸ Universities and other research centres ▸ Metal industry: ▸
Steel
and
Iron
1530 °C ) (melting points: ~1510 ▸
Copper
▸
Silicium
(melting point: 1083 (melting point: 1410 °C °C ) ) °C and ▸ Cross-selling potential: CTD 600 and CTD 1000 (e.g. for Aluminium or Zinc and other lower melting materials) ▸ Until now, metal melts are measured with so called Oscillating Vessel Viscometers and Flow Cups (assuming Newtonian behaviour) B78IV001EN-B www.
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Metal (2): Measurements
Figure: Quadruple repetition of steel measurements at 1537 ° C - Please note the non-Newtonian behaviour! B78IV001EN-B ▸
Argumentation and explanation:
▸ Based on the latest scientific findings some metal and alloy melts exhibit non-Newtonian flow behaviour ▸ This is a fundamental finding, as most theories and all measuring techniques are based on the assumption that metal and alloy melts are Newtonian liquids ▸ Until now this effect could not be measured with competitor instruments, as they are all based on ball bearing rheometer heads ▸ This effect has not only an impact on academia, but also on the metal processing industry. For example during the casting process a wide spectrum of shear rates can be observed, so the exact flow curve needs to be determined www.
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Glass (1)
▸ The FRS delivers great results measuring glasses ▸
Potential costumers:
▸ Universities and other research centres ▸ Industry: Development of
special glasses
(standard glasses don’t need to be measured anymore, as their viscosity can be calculated by equations, if the exact chemical composition is known) B78IV001EN-B www.
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Glass (2): Measurements
Figure: Viscosity curve of two different glasses during cooling
Argumentation and explanation:
▸ ▸ Glass is a Newtonian liquid The viscosities at different temperatures are from interested ▸ Glass standards are available to conform the validity of the measurements ▸ The FRS can measure glass according to the following standards: ▸ ASTM C1276 (withdrawn) ▸ ASTM C965 ▸ With the FRS one can determine the following additional parameters: ▸ Crystallisation point ▸ Melting point B78IV001EN-B www.
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Slags and coal ash (1)
▸ The FRS can be used to measure slags and coal ash to determine their properties for their further processing ▸
Potential costumers:
▸ Universities and other research centres ▸ Industry: ▸
Slag:
▸ By-product of the iron und steel production ▸ Range of application: Additives for cement, street building, glass industry, brigs, fire proved materials, isolation materials….
▸
Coal Ash:
▸ By-product of coal combustion (e.g. for Power generation or other industrial applications) ▸ Range of application: e.g. Alternative to cement, usage in brigs, asphalt, flow able film shingles – building material for monuments (e.g. freedom tower NY city)….
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Slags an coal ash (2): Measurements
Argumentation and explanation:
▸ Good and reliable results for slag and coal ash ▸ Slag or coal ash is sometimes “splashing” and “bubbling” – the advantage of our instrument is that we are operating in a working tube as protection for the heating elements ▸ The working tube also protects the heating elements from corrosive gases released by the sample, that may cause severe damage Figure: Viscosity curve of coal ash at 1400 ° C B78IV001EN-B www.
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Conclusion and features (1)
▸ High safety, reliability and quality (of the instrument and the results) ▸ Large shear rate range because of the air bearing ▸ Normal force control: Sample shrinkage or expansion is recognized and measured by the normal force sensor. With this function the melting point can be determined ▸ Toolmaster: DSR employs ToolmasterTM functionality. ▸ Oscillation measurements are possible ▸ Measurement of non-Newtonian material down to very low viscosities possible ▸ Operation in a working tube – to handle even
splashing and bubbling
materials B78IV001EN-B www.
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Conclusion and features (2)
▸ Easy and safe handling (CE certified) ▸ Measurement according to the following standards: ▸ ASTM C1276 (withdrawn) ▸ ASTM C965 ▸ Disposable measuring systems (for saving time -> no cleaning is required and for solidification experiments) ▸ Temperature sensor / Temperature calibration: The FRS comes with a factory temperature calibration. The instrument sets the furnace temperature according to the calibration. The software displays the sample temperature ▸ AGC coefficient: The length change due to temperature of the measuring system is automatically compensated by the AGC function B78IV001EN-B www.
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How to sell an FRS?
▸ Look out for potential costumers (according to the applications mentioned before) in your region ▸ Address them before their budget run ▸ Look for information material like application reports in the extranet or ask for reference measurements and additional information. We are constantly adding new application reports and marketing material ▸ Try to influence tenders according to our features and strengths and prepare yourself with arguments to explain the price differences to the competitors ▸ Demos, installations and the costumer support is handled in teamwork with Graz (Peter Brandes and Elke Riedl) ▸ Please update us about your FRS opportunities and give us your and the costumers feedback about the FRS. Your opinion and your information are very valuable for us B78IV001EN-B www.
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Chances
▸ One FRS project generates the turnover of two to three MCR projects ▸ If the customer is really interested there is a good chance to sell a FRS ▸ The FRS ensures safe operation and high quality (also in comparison to the competitors, a list will be handed out to all participants) ▸ You will get all the support you need from Graz – together we can win more projects ▸ Our team here in Graz is going to build up collaborations and further application knowledge in the high temperature rheometry area –
be part of it!
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