Transcript Familiarization With Apparatus_Equipment_StudentCopy

As containers
 For measuring mass
 For measuring volume
 For support
 As guide for flow
 As source of heat
 For picking-up Objects
 In Other Ways

No lab would be
complete without a
Beaker. It’s a
Multipurpose and
essential in the lab.
Description:
 The flat bottom and spout
allow this piece of glassware to
be stable on the lab bench or
hot plate, plus it's easy to pour
a liquid without making a mess.
Beakers are also easy to clean.
 Most beakers are made from
borosilicate glass
Function/Use:
 reaction container
 holds liquid or solid samples
 to catch liquids from titrations
and filtrates from filtering
operations
 for mixing
 to heat liquids
Test Tube
Description:
 round-bottom cylinders
 usually made of borosilicate
glass so that they can
withstand temperature
changes and resist reaction
with chemicals.
 several sizes
 sometimes called culture
tubes (a test tube without a
lip).
Function/Use:
 for holding small samples or
mixtures (liquid, solid and gas)
 for containing small-scale
reactions.
Erlenmeyer Flask
is one of the most common and
useful pieces of chemistry lab
glassware.
Description:
 flat-bottomed, cone-shaped
flask (stable on table)
 usually made of borosilicate
glass (can be heated over a
flame or autoclaved)
 most common sizes: 250 mL &
500 mL
Function/Use:
 to measure large volume
 mix and store chemicals
 used to heat liquids (wide
bottom allows faster heating
because of the greater surface
area exposed to the heat)
 also used to catch filtrates.
Florence Flask
(also called boiling flask)
Description:
 round-bottom
 borosilicate glass
container with thick
walls, capable of
withstanding
temperature changes.
Function/Use:
 used for heating
subtances that need
to be heated evenly
 bulbed-bottom allows
the heat to distribute
through the liquid
more evenly
 mostly used in
distillation
experiments.
Description:
 long, thin neck with a line
for measuring a specified
volume
 usually have flat bottoms
 usually made of
borosilicate glass
 typical sizes: 25, 50, 100,
250, 500, 1000 mL
Function/Use:
 to measure one specific
volume of liquid
 to make precise dilutions
 mostly used in mixing
solutions where a one liter
or one half a liter is needed
Volumetric
Flasks
Petri dishes come as a
set.
Description:
 flat bottom dish and a flat
lid that rests loosely over
the bottom
 made from a borosilicate
glass, such as Pyrex or
Kimax
 plastic petri dishes also are
available
Function/Use:
 commonly are used for
culturing bacteria in a
microbiology lab,
containing small living
specimens, and holding
chemical samples.
Description:
 Glass bottles with ground
glass stoppers
 some are made of plastic
Function/Use:
 to store stock solutions of
chemicals
 for mixing
 for displaying.
Description:
 concave dishes that
have a variety of uses
 cannot resist high
temperature. It should
never be heated.
Function/Use:
 for holding small samples
for observation under a
low-power microscope
 As lids flasks, beakers or
evaporating dishes.
 for evaporating liquid off
of samples, such as
growing seed crystals
 hold solids when being
weighed or transported
Description:
 round bottom flask
 the end of the
neck of the flask is
typically a conical
ground glass joint.
Erlenmeyer Bulb
Function/Use:
 often used when
even heating or
boiling of a sample
is needed.
Description:
 cup-shaped piece
of laboratory
glassware
 they come with lids
Crucible
(with cover)
Function/Use:
 used to hold small
amount of solid
substance which are
to be heated to high
temperatures
Description:
 wide porcelain
dish
 highly resistant to
high temperatures
Evaporating Dish
Function/Use:
 used to hold small
amount of
substance that
needs heating in
order to
evaporate liquids.
Description:
 Made of plastic (can
be squeezed)
 has narrow tube from
bottom (inside) that
extends out of the
bottle (pointed tip) to
dispense as squeezed
Function/Use:
 for dispensing small
quantities of distilled
water.
 to rinse off chemical
substances from
containers especially
in qualitative analysis
Wash Bottles
Description:
 Has a metal pan
on the left
 With three sliders
on the three
beams
Triple Beam Balance
Function/Use:
 to measure
masses very
precisely (the
reading error is
0.05 gram
Analytical Balance
Description:
 an electronic scale
 has a weighing pan
inside a glass case
 has adjustable feet, level
indicator , on/off switch,
LCD Display , zero switch,
mode switch and tare
switch
Function/Use:
 measures mass of an
object to an accuracy
of ± 0.0001 grams
(0.1 mg precision)
Graduated Cylinder
Description:
 usually are made from
borosilicate glass
 Common sizes are 10, 25,
50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 mL
Function/Use:
 used to measure volumes
accurately to the nearest
0.1 mL
 can be used to calculate
the density of an object if
its mass is known
Beaker
measures large
volumes up to an
accuracy within
10%
Erlenmeyer
Flask
measures large
volumes up to
an accuracy
within 10%
Volumetric Flask
measures one
specific
volume with
high precision
Description:
a graduated
tube of
glassware
that has a
stopcock at
its bottom
end
Function/Use:
 used to dispense precise volumes
of liquid reagents.
 used in titrations to measure
precisely how much liquid is used.
 used for addition of a precise
volume of liquid to the nearest
0.01 mL
 used for chemical calculations
based on the volume measured
Buret (or Burette)
Pipets
(Pipettes)
Description:
 are droppers calibrated
to deliver a specific
volume
 There are many different
types of pipets:
disposable, reusable,
autoclavable, and
manual.
 may be made of glass
or plastic.
 This type of pipet is
marked like graduated
cylinders.
Function/Use:
 to measure and transfer
small volumes.
Pipets
(Pipettes)
Description:
 has a line to mark
a specific volume
 precise apparatus
Volumetric
Pipets
Function/Use:
 this type of pipet is
filled to a line to
reliably deliver one
volume again and
again.
 to measure and
transfer a specific
volume.
Test tube Rack
Description:
 Made of wood or
plastic
 have slots for test
tubes to stand
upright or inverted
Function/Use:
 to hold test tubes
while reactions
happen in them or
while they are not
needed.
Wire Gauze
Description:
 wire mesh with a fireproof sheet (circle) in
the middle to spread
flame
 Stiff-meshed wire
woven together
Function/Use:
 used on a ring to
support beakers to be
heated by Bunsen
burners
 used to spread heat of
a burner flame
Clay Triangle
Description:
 a wire frame with a
triangular shape
 with hollow
porcelain cylinders
on the 3 sides
Function/Use:
 are placed on a
ring attached to a
ring stand as a
support for a funnel,
crucible, or
evaporating dish.
Tripod
Description:
 A three-legged
apparatus with
a circular top
frame
 made of metal
Function/Use:
 used as a
support for the
vessel to be
heated
Description:
 made of iron or steel
 An iron stand is a long
metal rod with a flat
rectangular base.
 an iron ring is a metal
ring attached to a stand
by a screw.
Function/Use:
 iron stand supports the
iron ring when heating
substances or mixtures in
a flask or beaker (using
a Bunsen burner)
 clamps can also be
used to hold glasswares
on the iron ring
Iron Stand with Iron Ring
Iron Stand
Description:
 made of iron or steel
 a long metal rod with a
flat rectangular base.
Function/Use:
 Ring stand with clamps
(such as buret clamps)
are for holding pieces
of glassware in place.
Buret Clamps
Description:
 made metal or hard
plastic
 symmetrical
fastening device
Function/Use:
 a device for holding
or supporting
glasswares (such as
burets) or fastening
them together.
Description:
 made metal
 fastening device with
one end holds and the
other is attached to
the iron ring by a screw
Function/Use:
 a device for holding or
supporting glasswares
(such as flasks)
Extension
Clamps
Funnel
Description:
 a conical piece of
glassware that terminates in
a narrow tube
 made of any material (such
as plastic or glass)
Function/Use:
 for directing liquid flow from
one container to another
 to transfer substances into
containers that have narrow
mouths
 for filtering when equipped
with filter paper.
 used to transfer solids and
liquids without spilling
Funnel
Funnel
Thistle Tube
Description:
 a piece of chemistry glassware
consisting of a long tube with a
reservoir and funnel-like
opening at one end.
Function/Use:
 may be used to add liquid
through a stopper to an
existing apparatus (small hole).
Description:
 rubber hose
Function/Use:
 used to connect
apparatus to
allow flow of liquid
solid or gas such
as in a Bunsen
burner
Rubber
Tube
Glass
Tubes
Description:
Function/Use:

to
Description:
 hollow glass tube (bent or straight)
Function/Use:
 used to connect apparatus to
allow flow of liquid, solid or gas
Glass Tubes
Bunsen Burner
Description:
 a device that produces flame
from a nozzle of a vertical
metal barrel.
 has a needle valve connected
to a rubber hose for gas flow
into the barrel where it mixes
with air that comes through the
rotating air inlet.
 has a flat circular metal base
Function/Use:
 used for heating (exposing
objects to flame), sterilization,
and combustion
Hot Plate
Description:
 an adjustable
heating source
 essentially an
electric stove
top
Function/Use:
 for heating
substances in
flat-bottomed
containers such
as beakers and
Erlenmeyer flasks
Hot Plate
Description:
 handheld, hinged
instrument
 Similar to tweezers
 Made of metal
Forceps
Function/Use:
 holds or pick up
small objects
Crucible Tongs
Description:
 have 2 long arms
terminating in a pivot point
then extends to the
handle.
 made of metal
 scissor-shaped
Function/Use:
 similar in function to
forceps (to hold many
different things) but are
useful for larger items such
as flasks, crucibles, and
evaporating dishes
especially when they are
hot.
Test Tube Holder
Description:
 made of wire
shaped in way that it
can grip
Function/Use:
 for holding test tubes
when tubes are hot
or should not be
touched
Test Tube Brush
Description:
 a couple of wires
spun together with
bristles on one end in
the shape of a test
tube
 a device, made with
nylon bristles
attached to a
twisted-wire shaft
Function/Use:
 to easily clean the
inside of a test tube
Stoppers
(Corks)
Description:
 most are made of rubber
 many different sizes
 some have holes while some don’t
Function/Use:
 to seal containers
 stoppers with holes are used with
thermometers and/or other probes
or tubes (glass or rubber)
Thermometers in
Stoppers
Thermometer
Description:
 a graduated glass
tube with alcohol (or
mercury) inside the
tube that rises or
lowers depending on
how hot or cold its
surrounding is
Function/Use:
 used to measure
temperature of solids,
liquids, and gases
 they are usually in oC
(Celsius), but can also
be in oF (Fahrenheit)
Separatory
Funnel
Description:
 made of glass
 usually a ring stand is used to support
them
 open at the top to allow addition of
liquid
 has sloping sides to help make it easier
to distinguish layers in a liquid mixture
 the flow of liquid is controlled using a
glass or teflon stopcock in the bottom
end
 usual sizes are 250, 500, 1000, and 2000
mL
 Also called separation funnel
Function/Use:
 used to dispense liquids into other
containers, usually as part of an
extraction process (specifically liquidliquid extractions where one liquid is
not miscible in the other)
 used when you need a controlled flow
rate, but not the measuring accuracy
of a burette or pipette
Separatory
Funnel
Magnetic
Stirrer
Stirring Rod
(Glass Rod)
Description:
 usually made of glass
 long cylindrical glass
Function/Use:
 used to stir substances
Stirring Rod
(Glass Rod)
Stirring Rod (Glass Rod) with a rubber
policeman
Description:
Droppers

to
Function/Use:
 used to dispense
small quantities of
liquids.
 Droppers are for
addition of liquids
drop by drop
Pipettors
Description:
 hand-held device that has a slot
for pipets to be inserted
 has plunger (to suck liquid in)
and an ejector (to release the
liquid)
Function/Use:
 functions like the bulb or pump
on a conventional glass pipet
 the pipettor with the pipet will
suck liquid (specified volume)
from one container and transfer
it to another container
Scoopula
Description:
 spatula-like scoop utensil
 made of metal
Function/Use:
 primarily used to transfer solids to weigh paper, watch glass or
other containers
Condenser
Description:
 consists of a tube
(inner) within a tube
(outer)
 this particular
condenser is called a
Vigreux column.
Function/Use:
 a piece of laboratory
glassware used to
cool hot liquids or
vapors
 used in distillation
Mortar & Pestle
Description:
 the pestle is a heavy clubshaped object, the end of
which is used for crushing and
grinding
 the mortar is a bowl, usually
made of ceramic or stone
 the substance to be ground is
placed in the mortar and
ground, crushed or mixed
with the pestle
Function/Use:
 used to crush solid substances
into powders for experiments,
to better dissolve the solids.
 used to mix substances by
grinding them together