Transcript 附件二：The Development of Digital Humanities and the Role of

《数字人文科学的发展》
The Development of Digital Humanities and
the Role of Libraries
李海鹏
香港浸会大学
Hong Kong Baptist University
April 2013
Changchun, China
什么是数字人文科学？
What’s Digital Humanities？
 起源于四十年代 – 以人文科学电脑化表现人类记录 Originated
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in the 1940s as humanities computing -representation of human record
代表人物：意大利牧师Roberto Busa；用于语言，文学分析方
面。 Pioneer：Italian Priest, Roberto Busa, for linguistic and literary
analysis
九十年代主要数据库：Major text and digital archives in the US in
1990s: WomenWriters Project, the Rossetti Archive, and the William Blake
Archive text-encoding for literature
名称改为数字人文科学：“Humanities computing” changed to
“digital humanities” in early 2000
数字人文科学办公室Office for Digital Humanites – federal agency
established in 2008
2009年现代语言协会 – 未来的一件”大事情” 2009 MLA
convention in Philadelphia - "the first 'next big thing' in a long time
什么是数字人文科学
What’s Digital Humanities - Continued
 …digital humanities today is about a scholarship (and a
pedagogy)一门学科（一种方法） that is publicly visible
in ways to which we are generally unaccustomed, a scholarship and
pedagogy that are bound up with infrastructure in ways that are
deeper and more explicit （更深刻，更明显）than we
are generally accustomed to, a scholarship and pedagogy that are
collaborative （合作）and depend on networks of people and
that live an active 24/7 life online （网上24小时）.
_Kirschenbaum, Matthew. (2010). What is Digital Humanities and what’s it
doing In English Departments? University of Maryland.
科技的应用Technology for Research in DH
 将领域同科技联系起来
Scholarship & technology
 Promotion of the field 推动领域
 More visible to the reader 读者获益
 Deeper and more explicit 深入揭示
 Complexity and depth 复杂性
 Organized and easier to access 组织性
 Collaborative & dependent 合作依靠
 Mandated team approach 团队方式
 Relying on one another 互相依赖
 24/7 online 全日上网
 Accessible anytime, anywhere…
何时何地
readwrite.com
数字人文科学 的复杂性True Humanities
 文字 Texts
 地图 Maps
 音乐 Music
 美术 Art
 手稿 Manuscripts
 图像 Image
 媒体 Media
 其他Other data
louisdietvorst.wordpress.com
数字人文科学案例：
Examples of Digital Humanities Projects：
 Dunhuang Cave Project 敦煌研究
“为了探索使用先进的信息
技术保存古老的敦煌艺术,…
敦煌研究院与浙江大学
合作从1998年1月到2002年
4月的4年多的时间里就
“多媒体、智能技术与艺术
复原” 项目联合攻关,
取得了如下研究成果：
xaharts.org
Dunhuang Cave Project 敦煌研究
 保护方面，数字化技术的应用将是永久性无损保存敦煌石窟
艺术信息的新手段，为敦煌石窟的保护和修复提供有效的参
考资料，通过人工智能与图像处理技术可探讨古老的壁画衰
退演变的过程以及重现原貌；
g5.zhengjian.org
Dunhuang Cave Project 敦煌研究
 研究方面，
研究者可
快捷、
清晰地
检索相关
图像；
http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhua
net.com/shuhua/2008-1/16/content_7430231.htm
Dunhuang Cave Project 敦煌研究
 弘扬方面，运用虚拟漫游技术制作的虚拟敦煌石窟，
将为游客欣赏敦煌艺术提供了在洞窟现
场难以看到的实景，还可应用人工智能 和图像处
理技术创作敦煌风格 的艺术作品和旅游纪念品，
等等
 ”敦煌壁画的数字化.”
刘刚,鲁东明,
《敦煌研究》( 兰州)
2003年04期
第102～104页.
jinrw.com
数字人文科学案例：
Examples of Digital Humanities Projects
 山谷的阴影数字化项目Valley of the Shadow Project
 由弗吉尼亚大学制作 A digital history project hosted by the
University of Virginia Library: http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/
山谷的阴影 Valley of the Shadow Project
 元数据处理：信件，日记，文献，新闻，讲演等。。
反映美国内战期间及前后的日常生活。
“TheValley of the Shadow is … more like a library than a single book.
There is no "one" story in theValley Project. Rather, what you'll find are
thousands of letters and diaries, census and government records,
newspapers and speeches, all of which record different aspects of daily
life in these two counties at the time of the Civil War. As you
explore the extensive archive and you'll find that you can flip through a
Valley resident's CivilWar diary, read what the county newspapers reported
about the battle of Gettysburg, or even search the census records to see how
much the average citizen owned in 1860 or 1870.”
 项目网站：Project website:
http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/VoS/usingvalley/valleyguide.html
山谷的阴影 Valley of the Shadow Project
 处理好的数据灵活使用：Interact with organized
data:
山谷的阴影 Valley of the Shadow Project
 互动式使用数据 interactive
数字人文科学案例：
Examples of Digital Humanities Projects
 香港浸会大学图书馆项目：HKBUTube 学生作品：
HKBUtube Project : A Digital Archive for student work:
http://library.hkbu.edu.hk/hkbutube/
香港浸会大学项目：HKBUTube
支持学生学习，教师授课； 推动学生作品，吸引专业同行
“A repository of student work is also
of great value to the learning experience of current and future
students. First, this kind of repository can support individual learning and foster discussion
both inside and outside of the classroom.The work of previous students can also help current
and future students gain a better understanding of assignment standards. Other benefits
include the enhancement of student motivation and satisfaction, and allowing departments to better
communicate the achievements of their students to overseas colleges and professional
firms.” -- Professor Rick Wong, Vice President for Research & Development, HKBU, at
HKBUtube (Student Productions) Opening Ceremony, Jan. 16, 2012.
图书馆对数字人文科学的发展所起的作用
Role of Libraries in Digital Humanities
 再创造 Recreating
 Data curation/management
 采集 Collecting
 Digital collection development policy – scholarly information
 处理 Managing
 Emulation/migration – periodic transfer from one hardware/software
configuration to the other
 传播 Disseminating
 Democratizing dissemination of information
 Role of IR
 保存 Preserving
 Evaluation of technological tools
 Sustainable model
 获取 Accessing
 Enabling technology
 Information equality
支持数字人文科学的发展
Supporting Digital Humanities
 数字人文科学聘用数据库 Digital humanities job archive
 http://jobs.lofhm.org/
 From Feb. 14, 2012 – Oct. 26, 2012: total position ads: 140
 高校图书馆的努力 Academic library efforts
 可伦比亚大学 Columbia University
 加州大学洛杉矶分校UCLA – Digital Humanities Commons
 馆员聘用案例：Examples of DH librarian jobs
 耶鲁大学Yale University-Librarian for Digital Humanities Research
https://collaborate.library.yale.edu/lhr-public/jobs/digitalhumanities.aspx
 布朗大学 Brown University-Digital Humanities Librarian
http://library.brown.edu/cds/pages/job-posting-digital-humanities-librarian
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约克大学York University-Digital Humanities Librarian
http://webapps.yorku.ca/academichiringviewer/viewposition.jsp?positionnumber=1186
数字人文科学馆员 Librarian for Digital Humanities Research
– 耶鲁大学 Yale University
 主要要求 Position Description Highlights
 人文科学背景 serve as an advisor, advocate, and implementer for
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humanities
对传统研究资料有兴趣 have a deep interest in the artifacts of
scholarship—such as books, manuscripts, or maps—and a commitment
to a vibrant future for the humanities
具有能力与远见 provide the vision and strategic leadership for
incorporating current and future technologies into the research activities
of the humanities community…
科研能力与技术知识兼备 a combination of strong academic
background in the humanities with technical knowledge, curiosity about
how technology is affecting research
对数据挖掘，处理，分析，可视化，图像化等具有浓厚的兴
趣 a keen interest in text mining and analysis, natural language processing,
geospatial analysis, data visualization, and image analysis.
数字人文科学馆员 Digital Humanities Librarian
- 布朗大学 Brown University
 主要要求 Position Description Highlights
 数字化资源与传统式资源的整合 integration of digital
resources and methodologies with traditional resources and
approaches into the research, teaching, and learning missions
 数字化的方法及其使用 keep abreast of digital
methodologies and to use such tools and skills in the solution of
humanities research problems
 为教师提供帮助与支持advise teaching faculty on the
creation of digital objects and providing technical support for
use of analytical tools;
 对学术出版与流通方面有深厚的知识 maintain a strong
level of competence in scholarly communications issues such as
new forms of publication, copyright, open access, repositories,
data curation, and licensing of online resources
 具有建立纸质及电子馆藏的能力knowledge of available
print and electronic resources to build appropriate collections
数字人文科学馆员
Digital Humanities Librarian
- 约克大学 York University
 主要要求 Position Description Highlights
 人文科学背景 A strong educational background in the humanities
 对科研的过程及技术的使用有高深的理解 A solid understanding of the
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research process and the ways in which new technologies are affecting the
production
对人文科学内用的接收与传播 dissemination, and reception of texts in the
humanities
具有对数字人文科学所使用的技术评估的能力 Demonstrated ability
and interest in exploring and evaluating emerging technologies in support of
digital humanities
知识广泛 Broad knowledge of print and digital information resources relevant
to the social sciences and humanities
网上技术的特长Expertise with current web technologies
领导能力，带头作用，机动灵活等反面的体现 Evidence of leadership
ability, professional initiative, and flexibility
具有优秀的分析及交流能力Excellent analytical, interpersonal, and
communication skills
具有良好的服务态度及经验丰富的服务经验 Strong public service ethic
and background.
共同合作，取得成就
Working Together Successfully
 研究者专业方面的知识 Scholar expertise – knowledge
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in the field
图书馆员信息处理的知识，经验与能力Librarian
expertise – information management (data curation):
preservation and access etc.
图书馆的作用：支持教学与科研 Role of libraries:
supporting teaching & research
提供良好的科研环境 Providing a welcoming and
supportive environment
设备与空间问题Facilities & space
发展方向 Future Development
 图书馆 – 富有成效，具有创新的空间
Reframing the library as a productive place, a
creative place, producing and creating something –
whether that be digital scholarly works or something
else entirely – will open the door to allow the library
into the life of the user.
 在数字人文科学方面，将图书馆作为一个手段，
来推动对科研成果使用的灵活性，创新性，和变
革性。
One role for the library in DH, then, is to support
the journey of research as a means in itself, and
encourage imaginative, new, transformative
uses of the products of research.
谢谢！Thank You!
请提问 Questions?