Transcript Astronomy 101 Review - Physics and Astronomy
ASTRONOMY 101 REVIEW
Things you might want to remember
2 ND EXAM ASTRONOMY 101 • • • • • • Monday October 10 th 4:00 PM to 5:30 PM Do not come to Regener Hall 103 Log on to Mastering Astronomy Use a computer with a good internet connection 50 Questions each worth 2 points
ESCAPE VELOCITY • A.
What is the escape velocity for a planet that has a mass of 6x10 24 kg and a radius of 6.4x10
3 km?
1 m/s B.
C.
D.
E.
11 m/s 110 m/s 1100 m/s 11,000 m/s
E. 11,000 M / S (THE PLANET IS EARTH) • 𝑣 = 2𝐺𝑚 𝑟 • • • G = 6.67 x 10 -11 kg (m/s 2 ) m 2 / kg 2 m = 6 x 10 24 kg r = 6.4 km (convert to meters 6.4 x 10 6 m
DENSITY • Density is defined as A.
Weight per square inch B.
Weight divided by the planet’s radius C.
Mass per unit volume D.
Mass times weight
D. MASS PER UNIT VOLUME • • • Mass is given in mass / volume Example: Earth’s density is 5500 kg / m 3 Example: Water is 1000 kg / m 3 (at 5 degrees C)
PLANETARY ORBITS • Earth’s orbit is A.
Highly inclined to the ecliptic B.
Almost circular, with low eccentricity C.
Has the Sun at the exact center D.
Changing with the seasons E.
Smaller than Mercury’s
B. ALMOST CIRCULAR WITH LOW ECCENTRICITY • • Copernicus thought in perfect circles as that was the order of the day Kepler freed us from the perfect circle and gave us elliptical orbits Kepler rocks
COMET TALES • The tails of comets always point A.
North B.
Toward the magnetic pole C.
Away from the Sun D.
Toward the sun E.
Opposite the direction of travel
C. AWAY FROM THE SUN
ANGULAR MOMENTUM • Angular momentum increases as A.
The radius of a gas cloud gets larger B.
The diameter of a gas cloud gets larger C.
As a gas cloud contracts D.
Stays the same as a gas cloud contracts E.
Varies with the time of day
D. STAYS THE SAME • Angular momentum is conserved as gas clouds contract. That is why they spin faster as the cloud gets smaller.
BARRINGER CRATER • Barringer crater in Arizona was created by what?
A.
Meter B.
Meteor C.
Meteorite D.
Asteroid E.
Comet
C. METEORITE • “Any piece of interplanetary debris that survives its fiery passage through our atmosphere and finds its way to the ground is called a meteorite.” Chaisson
EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE • Which layer of Earth’s atmosphere contains most of the oxygen that we need to breath?
A.
Mesosphere B.
Stratosphere C.
Ozone layer D.
Troposphere E.
Ionosphere
D. TROPOSPHERE
MORNING STAR • Which of the following is considered the morning star?
A.
Sirius B.
Alpha Centauri C.
Vega D.
Venus E.
T J Trout
D. VENUS CO 2 on Venus gives it clouds with high reflectivity and runaway greenhouse effect
VOLCANOES • The Olympus Mons volcano on Mars is an example of a A.
Cinder cone B.
Composite C.
Shield D.
Lava dome E.
Igneous
C. SHIELD VOLCANO
MARS • In the layer of permafrost on Mars is thought to be A.
Carbon dioxide B.
Nitrogen C.
Methane D.
Bud light E.
Water
E. WATER H 2 0 • The poles are thought to be CO 2 but in other areas we think there may be a layer of water under the top soil with frozen water
MAGNETIC FIELD • The presence of a magnetic field around a planet is an indication that A.
It has a conductive core B.
It has rapid rotation C.
It has a high density D.
It has rings E.
It is old
A. CONDUCTIVE CORE • A core made of conductive material is thought to be needed to create a magnetic field.
METHANE • A planet with a mostly methane atmosphere would appear what color?
A.
Blue B.
Red C.
Green D.
Yellow E.
Orange
A. BLUE • Methane absorbs red wavelengths of light. What is reflected is blue which is what we see.
ARIZONA CONNECTION • Clyde Tombaugh and Percival Lowell are remembered for the discovery of which solar system body?
A.
Mercury B.
Neptune C.
Uranus D.
Eris E.
Pluto
E. PLUTO
NAKED EYE VIEWING • Which planet cannot be seen with the naked eye?
A.
Pluto B.
Uranus C.
Triton D.
Mercury E.
Neptune
D. NEPTUNE • 5 planets in one photo
THE LARGEST MOON • The largest moon in the solar system shows signs of crustal tectonics which one is it?
A.
Triton B.
Titan C.
Europa D.
Io E.
Ganymede
E. GANYMEDE • Areas that look as if something similar to our Earth’s plate tectonics has taken place.
2 ND EXAM ASTRONOMY 101 • • • • • • Monday October 10 th 4:00 PM to 5:30 PM Do not come to Regener Hall 103 Log on to Mastering Astronomy Use a computer with a good internet connection 50 Questions each worth 2 points