Transcript PowerPoint Presentation PowerPoint

Women’s Entrepreneurship: A
Global Phenomenon
Elizabeth Gatewood
Wake Forest University
September 2, 2011
Women comprise 1/3 of
people engage in
entrepreneurial activity!
Early Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA)
Sweden
Factor-Driven
Economies
Efficiency-Driven
Economies
Innovation-Driven
Economies
U.S
-10%
Pakistan
Iran
Egypt
Saudi Arabia
West Bank & Gaza Strip
Jamaica
Guatemala
Zambia
Uganda
Angola
Bolivia
Ghana
Vanuatu
Romania
Russia
Croatia
Macedonia
Tunisia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Hungary
Malaysia
Taiwan
Latvia
South Africa
Uruguay
Mexico
Montenegro
Argentina
China
Turkey
Costa Rica
Trinidad and Tobago
Chile
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Japan
Italy
Korea
Denmark
Slovenia
Germany
Portugal
Spain
Belgium
Sweden
Norway
Finland
Ireland
Greece
Netherlands
Israel
United Kingdom
Switzerland
France
United States
Iceland
Australia
% of Adult Population (18-64)
Female Participation by Economic Group: GEM 2010
Male
Factor-Driven Economies
Female
70%
60%
50%
Sweden
Efficiency-Driven Economies
Innovation-Driven Economies
U.S
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Opportunity vs. Necessity Motivation
Sweden
U.S.
Perceptions
gender effect
Being female increases the odds of
being a new business owner
controlling for key factors
1.20
0.80
6.00
0.60
5.00
0.40
0.20
0.00
nascent
Perceptions of start-up
skills and opportunities
may be more
important for women
Odds Ratio
Odds Ratio
1.00
4.00
opportunity
3.00
suskill
new
2.00
established
fearfail
knowent
1.00
0.00
female
male
nascent
female
new
male
female
male
established