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11/7/14
PAGE 203
1. What
feature forms
the Northern
border of the
Ming dynasty?
2. Along which
river is the city
of Nanjing?
The Ming Dynasty
McGraw-Hill Connect ED
CHAPTER 8 LESSON 4
THE MING DYNASTY
Mrs. Stoll
7th Grade
Social Studies
The Rise of the Ming
Civil unrest ended the Mongol rule
A.D. 1368, military officer, Zhu Yuanzhang (Joo
Ywahn Jahng) became emperor
Reunited the country and founded the Ming dynasty
in his capital city of Nanjing (Nan Jihng) in southern
China.
Ruled for 300 years.
The Rise of the Ming
Zhu took the name Hong Wu (Hahng Woo) or the
“military emperor”
Brought peace and order
Harsh ruler; trusted few people and punished
officials suspected of treason, or disloyalty to the
government.
A.D. 1398, his son became emperor and took the
name Yong Le
The Rise of the Ming
Yong Lee moved the capital city north to Beijing
Built the Imperial City, large area of palaces and
government buildings
Forbidden City, where the emperor and his family
lived, only top government officials were allowed to
enter.
The Forbidden City –Video Segment
Discovery Education
How did the Ming Change China?
Emperors brought back the civil service
examinations
One job of government official was to carry out a
census- or a count of the number of people in China.
Census helped to identify who owed taxes.
How did the Ming Change China?
Strong government of early Ming emperors provided
peace and security
As a result, the economy grew
Rebuilt canals, farms, roads, and planted new forests
Expanded the Grand Canal
which increased trade between
southern and northern China
Ming dynasty also supported
the silk and cotton industries
Arts and Literature
Printed novels and theater
flourished during the Ming dynasty
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
most popular novel
Many novels were written in
vernacular, or everyday language;
formal language was avoided
Traditional Chinese dramas were
banned during the Mongol rule, but
restored under the Ming rule
Chinese Exploration
Early Ming emperors wanted to explore the world
and expand Chinese influence
Built large fleet of ships, known as junks, traveled
along the coast of China
Between A.D. 1405 and 1433 Chinese fleets went
on seven sea voyages.
They wanted to trade with other kingdoms and
demand that weaker kingdoms pay tribute to China
Junks
Chinese Exploration
Leader of the voyages was a Chinese
Muslim and court official named Zheng
He (Jung Huh)
The Travels of Zheng He
First fleet to Southeast Asia
Later reached western coast of India
and the city-states of East Africa
Brought back giraffes and other
African animals
Encouraged Chinese merchants to settle
in Southeast Asia and India and spread
Chinese culture
Travels of Zheng He
Despite the benefits,
Chinese officials complained
that the ongoing trips cost
too much money and would
introduce unwanted foreign
ideas
Some officials also believed being a merchant was a
selfish and unworthy occupation
A Confucian teaching said that people should place
loyalty to society ahead of their own desires.
Travels of Zheng He
Zheng He’s death in A.D. 1433 marked the end of
the sea voyages.
Ships were taken apart and trade with other
countries sharply declined
Within 50 years, Chinese shipbuilding technology
became outdated.
Arrival of Europeans
In A.D. 1514, ships from
Portugal arrived off the coast
of southern China
Portuguese wanted to trade
with China and convert them to
Christianity
To the Chinese, the Europeans
were barbarians, or uncivilized
people
Arrival of Europeans
At first, local officials refused to trade with the
Portuguese
By A.D. 1600 the Portuguese established a trading
post in the port of Macao (muh KAU) in southern
China
Portuguese ships carried goods between China and
Japan
Trade between Europe and China remained limited
Arrival of Europeans
Despite limited contact
European ideas did reach China
Christian missionaries made the
voyage to China on European
merchant ships
Many of these missionaries were
Jesuits, a group of Roman
Catholic priests.
Arrival of Europeans
Jesuits were highly educated and hoped to
establish Christian schools in China
Their knowledge of science impressed Chinese
officials
However, they did not convince many Chinese to
convert to Christianity
The Fall of the Ming
After a long period of growth the Ming dynasty
began to weaken
Dishonest officials took over the country
Placed heavy taxes on farmers and the farmers
revolted
As the dynasty began to crumble, the Manchuspeople from the north prepared to invade.
The Fall of the Ming
Like the Chinese, the Manchus had been conquered
by the Mongols
They retreated to an area northeast of China’s
Great Wall, known today as Manchuria
The Manchus defeated the Chinese armies and
captured Beijing
In A.D. 1644 they established a new dynasty
named the Qing (CHEENG) dynasty
Review Questions
Answer questions # 1-5 on page 207
Use complete sentences and evidence from the
textbook