Transcript EarthBootCamp_3.7B_AC

Earth Boot Camp
3.7B:
Investigate rapid changes in Earth’s
surface such as volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes and landslides.
Release Questions 2006—#21 (65%)
1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help
build up new land?
A
B
C
D
By adding heat to Earth’s surface
By adding gases to the atmosphere
By adding lava to Earth’s surface
By adding water vapor to the atmosphere
Release Questions 2006—#21 (65%)
1. In which of these ways can volcanoes help
build up new land?
A
B
C
D
By adding heat to Earth’s surface
By adding gases to the atmosphere
By adding lava to Earth’s surface
By adding water vapor to the atmosphere
2006—#30 (75%)
2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters
thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most directly
affected by this kind of glacier?
F
G
H
J
The average height of plants on the mountainside
The shape of clouds that form above the glacier
The average mass of trees near the lake
The shape of the valley between the mountains
2006—#30 (75%)
2. The picture shows a kind of glacier that can be many meters
thick. In this landscape, which of the following is most directly
affected by this kind of glacier?
F
G
H
J
The average height of plants on the mountainside
The shape of clouds that form above the glacier
The average mass of trees near the lake
The shape of the valley between the mountains
2009—#31 (86%)
3. Which of the following features is best modeled in the
diagram above?
A
B
C
D
Island
Glacier
River
Volcano
2009—#31 (86%)
3. Which of the following features is best modeled in the
diagram above?
A
B
C
D
Island
Glacier
River
Volcano
4. An earthquake is –
A crust through which lava escapes
B a sudden movement in the Earth’s crust
C a kind of chemical weathering that changes
the Earth
D a huge wave that washes over the Earth
4. An earthquake is –
A crust through which lava escapes (volcano)
B a sudden movement in the Earth’s crust
C a kind of chemical weathering that changes
the Earth
D a huge wave that washes over the Earth
(tsunami)
5. The picture to the right
illustrates a cross-section of
the layers of rock found
underneath the topsoil of the
earth. Which of the following
MOST LIKELY caused Layer C to
slant?
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A volcano
An earthquake
A flood
Subsidence
5. The picture to the right
illustrates a cross-section of
the layers of rock found
underneath the topsoil of the
earth. Which of the following
MOST LIKELY caused Layer C to
slant?
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A volcano
An earthquake
A flood
Subsidence
6. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers?
A
B
C
D
Most of Earth’s water is in the form of glaciers.
Melting glaciers supply water for many people.
Glacial movements can leave behind valleys.
Glaciers pick up boulders and sediment as they
move.
6. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers?
A
B
C
D
Most of Earth’s water is in the form of glaciers.
Melting glaciers supply water for many people.
Glacial movements can leave behind valleys.
Glaciers pick up boulders and sediment as they
move.
7. What is the scientific name for a mass of snow and
ice in motion?
A
B
C
D
Earthquake
Glacier
Landslide
Outwash
7. What is the scientific name for a mass of snow and
ice in motion?
A
B
C
D
Earthquake
Glacier
Landslide
Outwash
8. The Earth’s surface is not one solid piece of
rock and soil, but is made up of large pieces
called plates. These plates fit together like
pieces of a puzzle and are constantly moving.
Why can’t we feel the movement of these Earth
plates?
A
B
C
D
The plates move very quickly.
The plates move very slowly.
The plates are too small to feel.
The plates are under the ground.
8. The Earth’s surface is not one solid piece of
rock and soil, but is made up of large pieces
called plates. These plates fit together like
pieces of a puzzle and are constantly moving.
Why can’t we feel the movement of these Earth
plates?
A
B
C
D
The plates move very quickly.
The plates move very slowly.
The plates are too small to feel.
The plates are under the ground.
9. Earthquakes can change the Earth’s surface
in all of these ways EXCEPT—
A
B
C
D
creating new mountains
depositing sand in deltas
forming large cracks in rock
by causing the Earth to shake
9. Earthquakes can change the Earth’s surface
in all of these ways EXCEPT—
A
B
C
D
creating new mountains
depositing sand in deltas
forming large cracks in rock
by causing the Earth to shake
10.The most common cause of earthquakes is –
A
B
C
D
a giant tidal wave called a tsunami
the sinking of large mountains
a movement in the Earth’s crust
large hurricanes striking land
10.The most common cause of earthquakes is –
A
B
C
D
a giant tidal wave called a tsunami
the sinking of large mountains
a movement in the Earth’s crust
large hurricanes striking land
11. The grinding action of glaciers causes—
A
B
C
D
the creation of new landforms
the level of water in oceans to rise
volcanoes to pop up in cold places
lakes to fill with icy cold water
11. The grinding action of glaciers causes—
A
B
C
D
the creation of new landforms
the level of water in oceans to rise
volcanoes to pop up in cold places
lakes to fill with icy cold water
12. Some scientists have compared the action
of glaciers on the Earth’s surface to using a nail
file on fingernails. How is a glacier like a nail
file?
A
B
C
D
They are both made of metal.
They both collect sand and soil.
They both scratch and grind other materials.
They both press down on various surfaces.
12. Some scientists have compared the action
of glaciers on the Earth’s surface to using a nail
file on fingernails. How is a glacier like a nail
file?
A
B
C
D
They are both made of metal.
They both collect sand and soil.
They both scratch and grind other materials.
They both press down on various surfaces.
13. What is one way that a glacier can change the
Earth’s surface?
A Glaciers help create new landforms.
B Glaciers cause water to freeze into new landforms.
C The movement of glaciers causes volcanoes to
erupt.
D Glaciers melt and cause ocean tides to become
higher.
13. What is one way that a glacier can change the
Earth’s surface?
A Glaciers help create new landforms.
B Glaciers cause water to freeze into new landforms.
C The movement of glaciers causes volcanoes to
erupt.
D Glaciers melt and cause ocean tides to become
higher.
14. In what way are an earthquake and a glacier
similar?
A
B
C
D
They are both renewable natural resources.
They both change the surface of the Earth.
They both move very quickly.
They both move very slowly.
14. In what way are an earthquake and a glacier
similar?
A
B
C
D
They are both renewable natural resources.
They both change the surface of the Earth.
They both move very quickly.
They both move very slowly.
15. Glaciers form high in mountain valleys and in Polar
regions where the snow falls but never melts. How do
glaciers change the Earth’s surface?
A By melting and then flooding the valleys and Poles
B By grinding against valley walls to make them
deeper and wider
C By causing earthquakes and the formation of
volcanoes
D Pieces of ice break off and form icebergs in the
ocean waters
15. Glaciers form high in mountain valleys and in Polar
regions where the snow falls but never melts. How do
glaciers change the Earth’s surface?
A By melting and then flooding the valleys and Poles
B By grinding against valley walls to make them
deeper and wider
C By causing earthquakes and the formation of
volcanoes
D Pieces of ice break off and form icebergs in the
ocean waters
16. Water in the form of ice is responsible for which
form of weathering listed below?
A
B
C
D
A glacier creating a valley
Rivers depositing sediments
Earthquakes creating mountains
Wind carving formations in rock
16. Water in the form of ice is responsible for which
form of weathering listed below?
A
B
C
D
A glacier creating a valley
Rivers depositing sediments
Earthquakes creating mountains
Wind carving formations in rock
17. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers?
A Most of the water on Earth is found in glaciers.
B Glaciers form in very cold areas.
C Glacial movements can create valleys.
D Glaciers pick up and deposit sediments as they
move.
17. Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers?
A Most of the water on Earth is found in glaciers.
B Glaciers form in very cold areas.
C Glacial movements can create valleys.
D Glaciers pick up and deposit sediments as they
move.
18. Look at the picture below. It shows high mountains. The
layers are made of sedimentary rock. Before the mountains
were formed, the sedimentary rocks were in flat layers. Use
the picture below to answer question
How were the mountains pictured above formed?
A
B
C
D
The rock layers were compressed (squeezed) together.
The rock layers were pulled apart by an earthquake.
The rock layers were pushed up by a volcano.
The rock layers went in opposite direction.
18. Look at the picture below. It shows high mountains. The
layers are made of sedimentary rock. Before the mountains
were formed, the sedimentary rocks were in flat layers. Use
the picture below to answer question
How were the mountains pictured above formed?
A
B
C
D
The rock layers were compressed (squeezed) together.
The rock layers were pulled apart by an earthquake.
The rock layers were pushed up by a volcano.
The rock layers went in opposite direction.
19. Mountains occur mostly where—
A
B
C
D
there is a lot of water erosion
glaciers move boulders into piles
sinkholes cause surrounding land to collapse
layers of rock collide causing land to fold or
rise
19. Mountains occur mostly where—
A
B
C
D
there is a lot of water erosion
glaciers move boulders into piles
sinkholes cause surrounding land to collapse
layers of rock collide causing land to fold or
rise
20. A glacier moving down a mountain valley is pictured below.
Glaciers are frozen, slow-moving rivers of ice that can move about three feet per
day down mountain valleys. How does a glacier help create new soil?
A
B
C
D
By carrying living plant material to the ocean
By scraping small particles off large rocks
By melting rocks along its path down the valley
By freezing small particles of soil to form large rocks
20. A glacier moving down a mountain valley is pictured below.
Glaciers are frozen, slow-moving rivers of ice that can move about three feet per
day down mountain valleys. How does a glacier help create new soil?
A
B
C
D
By carrying living plant material to the ocean
By scraping small particles off large rocks
By melting rocks along its path down the valley
By freezing small particles of soil to form large rocks
21. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a
natural event.
Which natural event MOST LIKELY caused the crack in
the road?
A
B
C
D
Wind
An earthquake
Lava flowing from a volcano
An avalanche down a mountain
21. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a
natural event.
Which natural event MOST LIKELY caused the crack in
the road?
A
B
C
D
Wind
An earthquake
Lava flowing from a volcano
An avalanche down a mountain
22. The shale layers in the drawing were broken and
separated by movement along the fault. What also
MOST LIKELY occurred as these rock layers moved
along the fault?
A
B
C
D
Formation of deep caves
Erosion of lower layers
Volcanic eruption
Earthquake
22. The shale layers in the drawing were broken and
separated by movement along the fault. What also
MOST LIKELY occurred as these rock layers moved
along the fault?
A
B
C
D
Formation of deep caves
Erosion of lower layers
Volcanic eruption
Earthquake
23. The plates in the Earth’s surface sometimes
slip against each other causing the land to
shake over a large area. This shaking can
change the land and cause damage to buildings
and other structures. This type of movement
of the Earth’s plates also causes—
A
B
C
D
an earthquake
a volcanic eruption
erosion
a landslide
23. The plates in the Earth’s surface sometimes
slip against each other causing the land to
shake over a large area. This shaking can
change the land and cause damage to buildings
and other structures. This type of movement
of the Earth’s plates also causes—
A
B
C
D
an earthquake
a volcanic eruption
erosion
a landslide
24. Which of the following would probably
change the surface of the Earth in the shortest
amount of time?
A
B
C
D
A massive hurricane
A volcanic eruption
Waves on a beach
A large tornado
24. Which of the following would probably
change the surface of the Earth in the shortest
amount of time?
A
B
C
D
A massive hurricane
A volcanic eruption
Waves on a beach
A large tornado
25. Sometimes heat and pressure build up in
the Earth’s mantle, pushing hot magma up
through a crack or a vent in the surface of the
land. The rising magma can explode through
the crack and create a/an—
A
B
C
D
Volcano
Earthquake
Glacier
Valley
25. Sometimes heat and pressure build up in
the Earth’s mantle, pushing hot magma up
through a crack or a vent in the surface of the
land. The rising magma can explode through
the crack and create a/an—
A
B
C
D
Volcano
Earthquake
Glacier
Valley
26. A glacier might be called a “river of ice” because—
A Much of North America used to be covered by
glaciers
B Grooves formed by glaciers often fill with water and
become lakes
C It flows across the land eroding and weathering
everything in its path
D It leaves behind huge piles of broken rock
26. A glacier might be called a “river of ice” because—
A Much of North America used to be covered by
glaciers
B Grooves formed by glaciers often fill with water and
become lakes
C It flows across the land eroding and weathering
everything in its path
D It leaves behind huge piles of broken rock
27. Which of the following would be most directly
affected by the flow of a glacier?
A
B
C
D
The average height of plants on the mountainside
The shape of the clouds that form above the glacier
The type of trees found in a nearby lake
The shape of the valley between the mountains
27. Which of the following would be most directly
affected by the flow of a glacier?
A
B
C
D
The average height of plants on the mountainside
The shape of the clouds that form above the glacier
The type of trees found in a nearby lake
The shape of the valley between the mountains
28.
What Happened?
Mount St. Helens, Washington State
Before May 18, 1980
Mount St. Helens, Washington State
After May 18, 1980
28.
What Happened?
Mount St. Helens, Washington State
Before May 18, 1980
The volcano erupted causing the
lava to change the mountain
Mount St. Helens, Washington State
After May 18, 1980
Start of MS ?’s
29. Some changes occur to Earth’s surface
slowly while other changes occur rapidly.
Which of the following changes the Earth’s
surface rapidly?
A. river
B. wind
C. weathering
D. landslides
Start of MS ?’s
29. Some changes occur to Earth’s surface
slowly while other changes occur rapidly.
Which of the following changes the Earth’s
surface rapidly?
A. river
B. wind
C. weathering
D. landslides
30. A new lava flow has created a thick layer of
basalt. Which unit of measure would scientists
use to measure the thickness of the rock layer,
created as a result of volcanic activity?
A. milliliters
B. centimeters
C. grams
D. inches
30. A new lava flow has created a thick layer of
basalt. Which unit of measure would scientists
use to measure the thickness of the rock layer,
created as a result of volcanic activity?
A. milliliters
B. centimeters
C. grams
D. inches (not metric)
31. Earth has four major layers as seen in the diagram below. The crust
makes up a thin layer on the surface of our planet. This layer is not all in
one piece, but is made up of many pieces – like a puzzle covering the
surface of the Earth. These pieces, called plates, slowly move around,
sliding and bumping into each other.
Which of the following is responsible for rapid changes to Earth’s surface
caused by shifting plates?
A. rivers
B. erosion
C. earthquakes
D. glaciers
31. Earth has four major layers as seen in the diagram below. The crust
makes up a thin layer on the surface of our planet. This layer is not all in
one piece, but is made up of many pieces – like a puzzle covering the
surface of the Earth. These pieces, called plates, slowly move around,
sliding and bumping into each other.
Which of the following is responsible for rapid changes to Earth’s surface
caused by shifting plates?
A. rivers
B. erosion
C. earthquakes
D. glaciers
32. A teacher asks students to develop a question to
research volcanoes. All the following questions
would be valid to research EXCEPT –
A. How do volcanoes change the Earth’s surface?
B. What causes volcanoes to erupt?
C. Do scientists drive across moving lava flows?
D. Is a volcano constructive, destructive, or both?
32. A teacher asks students to develop a question to
research volcanoes. All the following questions
would be valid to research EXCEPT –
A. How do volcanoes change the Earth’s surface?
B. What causes volcanoes to erupt?
C. Do scientists drive across moving lava flows?
D. Is a volcano constructive, destructive, or both?
33. Landslides change the Earth’s surface rapidly when dirt, rocks,
and pebbles slide down a slope together. Sometimes these
landslides are small and other times they may change the entire side
of a mountain.
Which of the following is a cause of landslides?
A. air pollution
B. condensation
C. hailstorms
D. heavy rainfall
33. Landslides change the Earth’s surface rapidly when dirt, rocks,
and pebbles slide down a slope together. Sometimes these
landslides are small and other times they may change the entire side
of a mountain.
Which of the following is a cause of landslides?
A. air pollution
B. condensation
C. hailstorms
D. heavy rainfall
34. In an activity, students rub two wood blocks
together in opposite directions.
Which natural occurrence does this activity
represent?
A. earthquake
B. volcanic eruption
C. landslide
D. mountain formation
34. In an activity, students rub two wood blocks
together in opposite directions.
Which natural occurrence does this activity
represent?
A. earthquake
B. volcanic eruption
C. landslide
D. mountain formation
35. The Hawaiian Islands were formed and
continue to grow under the ocean surface.
Which natural occurrences formed the
Hawaiian Islands?
A. earthquakes
B. landslides
C. underwater volcanoes
D. tectonic plate collisions
35. The Hawaiian Islands were formed and
continue to grow under the ocean surface.
Which natural occurrences formed the
Hawaiian Islands?
A. earthquakes
B. landslides
C. underwater volcanoes
D. tectonic plate collisions
36. A very mountainous region in California has
had an extreme amount of rain over the last 2
days. People living in this area should watch
out for—
A. hurricanes
B. earthquakes
C. volcanoes
D. landslides
36. A very mountainous region in California has
had an extreme amount of rain over the last 2
days. People living in this area should watch
out for—
A. hurricanes
B. earthquakes
C. volcanoes
D. landslides
37. A large wave that is formed out at sea by
tectonic plate movement is called a tsunami.
What is the cause of a tsunami?
A. underwater volcano
B. underwater hurricane
C. underwater earthquake
D. underwater landslide
37. A large wave that is formed out at sea by
tectonic plate movement is called a tsunami.
What is the cause of a tsunami?
A. underwater volcano
B. underwater hurricane
C. underwater earthquake
D. underwater landslide
38. How does an area benefit from volcanic
activity?
A. farmland and crops are destroyed
B. new land masses and islands are formed
C. poisonous gases are produced
D. roads are buried by flowing lava
38. How does an area benefit from volcanic
activity?
A. farmland and crops are destroyed
B. new land masses and islands are formed
C. poisonous gases are produced
D. roads are buried by flowing lava
39. Which of these is least likely to cause a
rapid change to Earth’s surface?
A. volcano
B. landslide
C. earthquake
D. deposition
39. Which of these is least likely to cause a
rapid change to Earth’s surface?
A. volcano
B. landslide
C. earthquake
D. deposition
40. Which of the following most likely caused
the change in the location below?
A. volcano
B. weathering
C. earthquake
D. thunderstorm
40. Which of the following most likely caused
the change in the location below?
A. volcano
B. weathering
C. earthquake
D. thunderstorm
41. Before investigating rapid changes in the Earth’s surface,
students each developed a hypothesis about what rapid
changes in Earth’s surface meant. Which student’s hypothesis
was correct?
A. Student 1 said rapid changes meant forms of participation
B. Student 2 guessed rapid changes were high and low
temperatures
C. Student 3 guessed rapid changes were caused by volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides
D. Student 4 said rapid changes were the day and night cycle
caused by Earth’s rotation
41. Before investigating rapid changes in the Earth’s surface,
students each developed a hypothesis about what rapid
changes in Earth’s surface meant. Which student’s hypothesis
was correct?
A. Student 1 said rapid changes meant forms of participation
B. Student 2 guessed rapid changes were high and low
temperatures
C. Student 3 guessed rapid changes were caused by volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides
D. Student 4 said rapid changes were the day and night cycle
caused by Earth’s rotation
42. Students learn through investigation that landslides travel
at tremendous speeds. They research the effects of landslide
speeds and report that some slides travel at speeds
approaching 200 miles per hour. Students decide to further
investigate these reports by testing different amounts of water
on three landform models all made of rock and pebbles. What
is the variable in this experimental investigation?
A. landslide speeds
B. amount of water
C. types of soil
D. amount of pebbles
42. Students learn through investigation that landslides travel
at tremendous speeds. They research the effects of landslide
speeds and report that some slides travel at speeds
approaching 200 miles per hour. Students decide to further
investigate these reports by testing different amounts of water
on three landform models all made of rock and pebbles. What
is the variable in this experimental investigation?
A. landslide speeds
B. amount of water
C. types of soil
D. amount of pebbles
43. The diagram below shows 4 layers of the Earth identified by
numbers.
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4
Which layer experiences changes from earthquakes?
A. layer 1
B. layer 2
C. layer 3
D. layer 4
43. The diagram below shows 4 layers of the Earth identified by
numbers.
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4
Which layer experiences changes from earthquakes?
A. layer 1 (crust)
B. layer 2
C. layer 3
D. layer 4
44. Students build volcano models for a class science project. When
vinegar, baking soda, dish detergent, and food coloring were mixed, a
reaction caused the volcano to look like it was erupting. In the
model, what part of a volcano did the mixture represent?
A. vent
B. lava
C. magma chamber
D. ash cloud
44. Students build volcano models for a class science project. When
vinegar, baking soda, dish detergent, and food coloring were mixed, a
reaction caused the volcano to look like it was erupting. In the
model, what part of a volcano did the mixture represent?
A. vent
B. lava
C. magma chamber
D. ash cloud
45. When working with vinegar and baking soda, what
procedure should students follow when testing the volcano
model?
A. stir the mixture rapidly
B. wear safety goggles
C. taste the mixture to identify the ingredients
D. use a fire extinguisher to stop the eruption
45. When working with vinegar and baking soda, what
procedure should students follow when testing the volcano
model?
A. stir the mixture rapidly
B. wear safety goggles
C. taste the mixture to identify the ingredients
D. use a fire extinguisher to stop the eruption
46. Which of the following best completes the
table below?
Event
Change to Land
Earthquake ???
Landslide
Land overlaps over land
Volcano
New land created
A. land explodes
B. land melts
C. new land forms
D. crust fractures
46. Which of the following best completes the
table below?
Event
Change to Land
Earthquake ???
Landslide
Land overlaps over land
Volcano
New land created
A. land explodes
B. land melts
C. new land forms
D. crust fractures
47. A seismograph is an instrument used for recording the waves
caused by vibration and motion of the ground.
The invention, a seismograph is most useful for measuring—
A. tornadoes
B. earthquakes
C. rainfall
D. mudslides
47. A seismograph is an instrument used for recording the waves
caused by vibration and motion of the ground.
The invention, a seismograph is most useful for measuring—
A. tornadoes
B. earthquakes
C. rainfall
D. mudslides