Hybrid Technologies
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Transcript Hybrid Technologies
Team 4
Senior Design Final Presentation
May 7, 2011
Liz Kladder Jay Prins Zach Talen Tim Bangma Jon Mulder
Outline
Project Introduction
Hybrid Technologies
Our Hydraulic System
Prototyping
Testing
Results
Business Plan
Conclusions
Project Introduction
Context Efficient energy usage
Problem Inefficient vehicle use can be unavoidable in
some applications
Solution Improve efficiency with the hydraulic hybrid
system
Overall Project Goal
Validate Hydraulic Hybrid System can increase stop and
go fuel efficiency by 40%
Design Norms
Stewardship
Transparency
Caring
Hybrid Technologies
Electric
Toyota Prius
Flywheel
Formula 1
Hydraulic
UPS
Benefits of a Hybrid System
Regenerative braking
Optimal engine performance
Power per Fuel Flow [hp/(gal/hr)]
Decreased brake maintenance
Power per Fuel Flow
Rate vs Engine rpm
14.8
14.6
14.4
14.2
14.0
13.8
13.6
1800
2300
2800
Engine Speed [rpm]
3300
Benefit of Hydraulic Hybrids
Less energy conversions
Electric
Hydraulic
Two Types of Systems
Series
Parallel
www.Eaton.com
Hydraulic System
Hydraulic System: Accelerating
Hydraulic System: Coasting
Hydraulic System: Braking
Prototypes
Base Case
Hydraulic Hybrid
Base Case Cart: Frame
Base Case Cart: Gas Engine Mounting
Base Case Cart: Drive Train
Hydraulic Hybrid Cart
Removed base case drive train
Retrofitted cart with hydraulic components
Hydraulic Pump
Hydraulic Motor
Accumulators
Reservoir
Hydraulic Valves
Hydraulic Hybrid Cart
Reservoir
Hydraulic Pump
Accumulators
Flow Control Valves
Hydraulic Motor
(www.grainger.com)
Other Components
Redundant Brakes
Hydraulic
Mechanical
Linkages
Gas pedal
Brake pedal
Hydraulic Hybrid Retrofit Costs
Component
Cost
Eaton Hydraulic Pump
$246.50
Accumulators Inc. Accumulators
$3286.00
7 gal. Reservoir
$100.00
Haldex Hydraulic Motor
$200.25
Misc. Hydraulic Valves
$843.00
Misc. Hoses and Fittings
$550.00
Mechanical Couplers
$60.00
Pressure Fixtures
$1000.00
Total
$6285.75
Test Procedure
Testing Video
Results
Base Case Cart Hydraulic Hybrid Cart
Stop and Go Fuel Economy
13.9 mpg
21.1 mpg
52.4% increase in average stop and go fuel economy
Improvements
Different pump or hydraulic motor
Variable displacement motor
Check valves with lower cracking pressure
Design to eliminate minor losses
Business Plan
Target Market
Package delivery, garbage trucks, city buses
Introduction to the market
O.E.M.
Retrofit is to expensive
Potential Savings
Higher gas mileage, lower maintenance costs
Business Plan
Feasibility
High cost on prototype
Pay back period is 19 years at current gas prices ($4.20)
Longer than the life of the vehicle
Vehicle Payback Based on Gas Price
25
Lifetime of Vehicle (years)
20
15
10
5
0
$0.00
$10.00
$20.00
$30.00
$40.00
Gas Price per Gallon ($)
$50.00
$60.00
Obstacles
Budget
Time
Experience with Hydraulic Systems
Component Failure
Conclusions
Met our goal!
Met efficiency expectations
Proved our system works
Very expensive system
Learned a lot
Had fun!
Acknowledgements
Matt Mills & Kelly Dawley – Vermeer Corporation
Vermeer Charitable Foundation – Financial Support
Ned Nielsen – Team Advisor
Ren Tubergen – Industrial Consultant
Phil Jasperse – Calvin College Metal Shop
Charlie Huizinga – Calvin College Physical Plant
Bond Fluidaire, Inc – Hydraulic hose and fittings
Great Lakes Fluid Power – Accumulator Charging
Rex Sheler – Decals
Mike Harris – Donor Acquisition
Jim Kuipers – Cart Donation
Family and Friends
Questions?