The Progressive Movement

Time Period: 1880s – 1920s

Progressive Introduction

Test Date: 20-October-2014

Homework Questions – Due Thursday, 16-Oct-2014 Each answer must:

• • Be a minimum of 1 page.

Answered in complete sentences

1. How did farmers respond to the problems they faced in the late nineteenth century?

2. How did muckrakers and other Progressives reform American society?

3. How was the move toward realism reflected in American art and literature?

Notecard Spirals are DUE!!!

THIS FRIDAY!!!

10-OCTOBER-2014

• • • • •

Must:

Be Numbered Be Colored with at LEAST 3 colors Have the Vocabulary Word Have the correct definition in your own words Be Stamped PRIOR to the due date

NO EXCUSES

… GET IT DONE. A 0 FOR A TEST GRADE WILL KILL YOUR CHANCE AT PASSING

Overview / Key People Overview

Reformers

You will learn how Americans adopted important reforms to meet the new problems posed by industrialization and urbanization. Progressive reformers sought to remedy the social problems caused by industrialization. The Progressive Presidents introduced Progressive reforms at the national level.

Key People Key People Key People

http://youtu.be/z-ztBdclkYU

Key People Key People

William Jennings Bryan William McKinley

Muckrakers Ida Tarbell Jacob Riis Upton Sinclair Lincoln Steffens Frank Norris Jane Addams Ida B. Wells

W.E.B. DuBois Booker T. Washington President Garfield Theodore Roosevelt William Taft Woodrow Wilson Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Horatio Alger Mark Twain William Dean Howells Henry Ossawa Tanner Frederick Remington James McNeill Whistler Thomas Eakins Jack London Henry James Katie Chopin Winslow Homer Charles Russell

Grange / Populist

The Agrarian Movement

Farmer Problems

• Today, less than 2% of Americans live on farms!

• 1870s: a majority of Americans live on farms. • Farmer Problems : •

Agricultural Overproduction

: Opening of the west greatly increased the amount of land cultivated. Machinery & improved farming techniques increased productivity per acre. As farmers produced more crops, food prices fell GREATLY!

•

High Costs

: Farmers had to ship their crops to market. Railroads often took advantage of the lack of competition on local routes by charging higher rates for shorter distances. •

Farmer Indebtedness

: They borrowed to make improvements or to by machinery. During a poor harvest, farmers also borrowed, using their farms as security. Banks viewed farmers as poor credit risks and charged them VERY high interest rates. •

Periodic Natural Disasters

floods. One bad year to their crops could wipe out a family’s savings from many good years. : Farms were subject to droughts, insect invasions, and

Grange / Populist

The Agrarian Movement

The Grange Movement

• Think Home on the Range… Just add a G!

• Founded in 1867 as a social club for farmers to help them overcome isolation and to spread information about new techniques.

• By 1877, the Grangers had 1.5 MILLION members and began urging economic and political reforms.

• Granger Cooperatives: To eliminate the middleman. Can buy and sell in large numbers for discounts. • Buy Machinery, Fertilizers, Manufactured Goods • Sold Crops Directly to City Markets • Failed because of lack of business experience • The Granger Laws: Famers blamed the railroads for their problems.

• In several Midwestern States, Grangers elected candidates to state legislatures who promised reforms. These states passed laws regulating railroad and grain storage. • Munn v. Illinois: 1877 : The Supreme Court upheld the right of a state to regulate businesses that affected the public interest within the state. However, in 1886, the Supreme Court reversed itself in a case involving the state regulation of railroad rates. The Court ruled that only Congress could regulate rates on interstate commerce (Interstate Commerce Act).

Grange / Populist

The Agrarian Movement

The Populist Party : 1891 - 1896

• 1892: Farmers gave their support to the Populist Party • A new national political party representing the “common man”- Farmers, Industrial Workers, Miners- in a battle against banking and railroad interests.

• Women played a prominent role in the Populist Movement as speakers and organizers.

• Convinced that rich industrialists and bankers had a stranglehold on government • Wanted government to take a larger role • National Convention in Omaha, Nebraska to choose a Presidential Candidate. • Party Platform (had several innovative proposals) • • • •

Unlimited Coinage of Silver

: To raise farm prices & make loan repayment easier

Direct Election of Senators

: Instead of by state legislatures

Term Limits for President

: Permitting only a single term in office

Secret Ballot

: To protect voters from intimidation • • • •

Government Ownership

: of railroads, telegraphs, and telephones

Graduated Income Tax

: To tax Wealthy individuals at a higher rate

Immigration Restrictions

: With Quotas

Shorter Work Day

: Of 8 hours