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  Flexion: Decreasing the angle of a joint in the sagittal plane. The two bones that meet at a joint get closer together.

Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, Hip, Knee, Trunk

  Extension: Increasing the angle of a joint in the sagittal plane.

Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, Hip, Knee, Trunk

  Hyper-Extension- Increasing the angle of a joint in the sagittal plane past the mid-line Back/Trunk, Shoulder, Hip, Wrist (Why not elbow and knee?)

Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension

  Abduction: Movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body in the frontal/coronal plane.

Shoulder, Hips

  Adduction- Moving an extremity closer to the midline of the body in the frontal plane Shoulder, Hips

   Pronation and Supination- Rotational movements in the forearm and ankle. Movement is considered to be in the transverse plane.

Forearm-Anatomical Pos.=Supinated.Palm

facing back is Pronated.

Ankle- Pronated-sole of foot opens laterally

   Protraction-Anterior movement of a part Retraction-Posterior movement of a part Sagittal plane

   Elevation-Raising a body part Depression-Lowering a body part Frontal plane

  Rotation-Turning of a body part on a single axis. (Internal or External) Neck, shoulder, hip Transverse Plane

 Circumduction- Tri-planer movement at the hip and shoulder.

 Lateral Flexion- Side bending to the left and right. In the frontal plane.

  Plantar Flexion-ankle movement pointing toes down in the sagittal plane Dorsiflexion- ankle movement pointing toes up in the sagittal plane.

  Inversion- Ankle movement with the sole of the foot turning inward in the frontal plane Eversion- Ankle movement with the sole of the foot turning outward in the frontal plane.

    Radial Deviation –Lateral movement of the wrist toward the radius in the frontal plane Ulnar Deviation-Medial movement of the wrist toward the ulna in the frontal plane Opposition- Movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand.

Finger Ad and Abduction