Transcript Powerpoint - Priimary Health Care 2012

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New Risk Prediction Tools – generating clinical benefits
from clinical data
Julia Hippisley-Cox,
GP, Professor Epidemiology & Director ClinRisk Ltd
Primary Health Information 2012
24 April 2012
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Acknowledgements
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Co-author Dr Carol Coupland
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QResearch database
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University of Nottingham
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ClinRisk (software)
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EMIS & contributing practices & EMIS User Group
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BJGP and BMJ for publishing the work
Oxford University (independent validation)
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About me
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Inner city GP
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Clinical epidemiologist University Nottingham
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Director QResearch (NFP partnership UoN and EMIS)
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Director ClinRisk Ltd (Medical research & software)
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Member Ethics & Confidentility Committee NIGB
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QResearch Database
www.qresearch.org
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Over 700 general practices across the UK, 14 million patients
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Joint not for profit venture University of Nottingham and EMIS
(supplier > 55% GP practices)
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Validated database – used to develop many risk tools
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Data linkage – deaths, deprivation, cancer, HES
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Available for peer reviewed academic research where
outputs made publically available
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Practices not paid for contribution but get integrated
QFeedback tool and utilities eg QRISK, QDiabetes.
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QFeedback – integrated into EMIS
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Clinical Research Cycle
Clinical
practice &
benefit
Integration
clinical
system
Clinical
questions
Research +
innovation
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QScores – new family of Risk Prediction
tools
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Individual assessment
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Who is most at risk of preventable disease?
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Who is likely to benefit from interventions?
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What is the balance of risks and benefits for my patient?
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Enable informed consent and shared decisions
Population level
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Risk stratification
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Identification of rank ordered list of patients for recall or reassurance
GP systems integration
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Allow updates tool over time, audit of impact on services and
outcomes
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Current published & validated
QScores
scores
outcome
Web link
QRISK
CVD
www.qrisk.org
QDiabetes
Type 2 diabetes
www.qdiabetes.org
QKidney
Moderate/severe renal failure
www.qkidney.org
QThrombosis
VTE
www.qthrombosis.org
QFracture
Osteoporotic fracture
www.qfracture.org
Qintervention
Risks benefits interventions to www.qintervention.org
lower CVD and diabetes risk
QCancer
Detection common cancers
www.qcancer.org
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Today we will cover two types of
tools
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Prognostic tool – QFracture
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Diagnostic tool - QCancer
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QFracture: Background
 Osteoporosis
mortality.
2
major cause preventable morbidity &
million women affected in E&W
 180,000
 30%
osteoporosis fractures each year
women over 50 years will get vertebral fracture
 20% hip fracture patients die within 6/12
 50% hip fracture patients lose the ability to live
independently
 1.8 billion is cost of annual social and hospital care
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QFracture: challenge
 Effective
interventions exist to reduce fracture risk
 Challenge
is better identification of high risk
patients likely to benefit
 Avoiding
over treatment in those unlikely to
benefit or who may be harmed
 Draft
NICE guideline (2012) recommend using 10
year risk of fracture either using QFracture or
FRAX
 QFracture
also being piloted for QOF indicator
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QFracture: development
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Cohort study using patient level QResearch database
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Similar methodology to QRISK
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Published in BMJ 2009
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Algorithm includes established risk factors
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Developed risk calculator which can
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- identify high risk patients for assessment
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- show risk of fracture to patients
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Advantages QFracture vs FRAX
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Published & validated
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More accurate in UK primary care
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Can be updated annually
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Independent of pharma industry
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Includes extra risk factors eg
 Falls
 CVD
 Type 2 diabetes
 Asthma
 Antidepressants
 Detail smoking/Alcohol
 HRT
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QFracture: Clinical example
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64 year old women
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Heavy smoker
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Non drinker
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BMI 20.6
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Asthma
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On steroids
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Rheumatoid
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H/O falls
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QFracture + other QScores on the
app store
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QScores for systems integration
Possible to integrate QFracture (and the other QScores) into
any clinical computer system
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Software libraries in Java or .NET
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Test harness
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Documentation
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Support
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For details see www.qfracture.org
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QCancer – the problem
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UK has poor track record in cancer diagnosis cf Europe
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Partly due to late diagnosis
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Late diagnosis might be late presentation or non-recognition
by GPs or both
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Earlier diagnosis may lead to more Rx options and better
prognosis
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Problem is that cancer symptoms can be diffuse and nonspecific so need better ways to quantify cancer risk to help
prioritise investigation
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QCancer scores – what they need
to do
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Accurately predict level of risk for individual based on risk
factors and symptoms
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Discriminate between patients with and without cancer
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Help guide decision on who to investigate or refer and
degree of urgency.
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Educational tool for sharing information with patient.
Sometimes will be reassurance.
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Symptom based approach rather than cancer based
approach
+ Currently Qcancer predicts risk 6
cancers
Lung
Pancreas
Ovary
Colorectal
Kindey
Gastro-oesoph
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Methods – development
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Huge sample from primary care aged 30-84
Identify
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new alarm symptoms (eg rectal bleeding, haemoptysis, weight
loss, appetite loss, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding) and
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other risk factors (eg age, COPD, smoking, family history)
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Identify patient with cancers
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Identify independent factors which predict cancers
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Measure of absolute risk of cancer. Eg 5% risk of colorectal
cancer
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Methods - validation
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Once algorithms developed, tested performance
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separate sample of QResearch practices
external dataset (Vision practices) at Oxford University
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Measures of discrimination - identifying those who do and
don’t have cancer
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Measures of calibration - closeness of predicted risk to
observed risk
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Measure performance – PPV, sensitivity, ROC etc
+ Results – the algorithms/predictors
Outcome
Risk factors
Symptoms
Lung
Age, sex, smoking,
deprivation, COPD,
prior cancers
Haemoptysis, appetite loss, weight loss,
cough, anaemia
Gastrooeso
Age, sex, smoking
status
Haematemsis, appetite loss, weight loss,
abdo pain, dysphagia
Colorectal Age, sex, alcohol,
family history
Rectal bleeding, appetite loss, weight loss,
abdo pain, change bowel habit, anaemia
Pancreas
Age, sex, type 2,
chronic pancreatitis
dysphagia, appetite loss, weight loss,
abdo pain, abdo distension, constipation
Ovarian
Age, family history
Rectal bleeding, appetite loss, weight loss,
abdo pain, abdo distension, PMB, anaemia
Renal
Age, sex, smoking
status, prior cancer
Haematuria, appetite loss, weight loss,
abdo pain, anaemia
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Sensitivity for top 10% of
predicted cancer risk
Cut point
Threshold top
10%
Pick up rate for
10%
Colorectal
0.5
71
Gastrooesophageal
0.2
77
Ovary
0.2
63
Pancreas
0.2
62
Renal
0.1
87
Lung
0.4
77
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Using QCancer in practice
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Standalone tools
a.
Web calculator www.qcancer.org
b.
Windows desk top calculator
c.
Iphone – simple calculator
Integrated into clinical system
a.
Within consultation: GP with patients with symptoms
b.
Batch: Run in batch mode to risk stratify entire practice or
PCT population
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GP system integration:
Within consultation
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Uses data already recorded (eg age, family history)
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Stimulate better recording of positive and negative symptoms
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Automatic risk calculation in real time
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Display risk enables shared decision making between doctor
and patient
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Information stored in patients record and transmitted on referral
letter/request for investigation
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Allows automatic subsequent audit of process and clinical
outcomes
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Improves data quality leading to refined future algorithms.
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Iphone/iPad
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GP systems integration
Batch processing
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Similar to QRISK which is in 90% of GP practices– automatic
daily calculation of risk for all patients in practice based on
existing data.
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Identify patients with symptoms/adverse risk profile without
follow up/diagnosis
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Enables systematic recall or further investigation
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Systematic approach - prioritise by level of risk.
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Integration means software can be rigorously tested so ‘one
patient, one score, anywhere’
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Cheaper to distribute updates
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Summary key points
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Individualised level of risk - including age, FH, multiple
symptoms
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Electronic validated tool using proven methods which can be
implemented into clinical systems
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Standalone or integrated.
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If integrated into computer systems,
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improve recording of symptoms and data quality
ensure accuracy calculations
help support decisions & shared decision making with patient
enable future audit and assessment of impact on services and
outcomes
+  Next steps - pilot work in clinical
practice supported by DH
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Thank you for listening
Any questions (if time)