Students Vincent Duplantier Florian Feyt Hoai Dang Leu Teachers Jacques Bernard Mary Ann Flannery

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Presentation of Hydraulic Turbines 1.

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Hydraulic turbines overview Hydroelectric plant installation Three types of Hydraulic Turbines II.

Choice method of Hydraulic Turbines Conclusion 2

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 Hydraulic turbines : liquid turns blades to produce rotation  Potential/Kinetic power -> Mechanical Power -> Electric power  Hydroelectricity • • Advantages : Clean and Renewable Disadvantages : damage of ecosystem, loss of land 4

Components of a Turbine :    Runner : rotational part (Shaft + blades) Diffuser (at output) : channel shaped increasing in size Distributor : optional component at the input that controls the angle of attack 5

  Flow: small head, high velocity (river) Flow: great head (in reservoir) 6

    Action turbine No diffuser High operating head The wheel is not submerged  The number of opened nozzle changes the power 7

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    Reaction turbine Change of the flow pressure Operating head between 20 and 500 meters Two main components: upstream guide vanne and runner 9

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 Evolution of the Francis turbine  The guidvanes and runner adapted to the waterflow  High efficiency for a wide range of water flow  Can be used as a pump for Storage pumping 11

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 Magnet • • • 2 poles Magnetic field + winding = electric current  • • Alternator Produces alternating electric power Qualified by the number of magnetic poles 15

 Electric Network • • Stable characteristics Frequency : 50 Hz  Alternator Frequency • • Speed of the rotor Number of poles Alternator 16

 For a same electric frequency (50 Hz) : • • Low speed  High speed  many poles less poles  Many poles = expensive 4 pairs 750 rpm 40 pairs – 75 rpm 17

 Characteristics of water flow and turbine Power of the turbine: 𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔𝐻𝑣 Angular velocity: 𝜔 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 ∝ 𝐻 N 18

Comparison of the specific speed with widely built turbines 𝑛 𝑠 = 𝑁 𝐻 3/4 𝑃 5/4 19

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 One of the first sources of electricity   High technological level and mastery Great efficiency  The main source of renewable energy  High percentage of total electricity production is hydroelectricity in some countries Norway – 98% Brazil – 86 % Canada – 61 % 21