GreenTouch Consortium: Building the Roadmap

Dan Kilper Chair, Technical Committee

2020 ICT Carbon Footprint

820m tons CO 2 2007 Worldwide ICT carbon footprint: 2% = 830 m tons CO 2 Comparable to the global aviation industry Expected to grow to 4% by 2020 © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium 360m tons CO 2 260m tons CO 2 The Climate Group, GeSI Report “Smart 2020”, 2008

Tightening Energy Bottleneck

Bandwidth, Services, Applications  Capacity limits for existing technology and by power/thermal budgets

Energy

 Deploying new efficient equipment  Publicly visible good-will provided by being "Green"  Proactive stance in reducing greenhouse gas emissions  Customers feel better about service provider . . . leading to revenue growth © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Internet

 With energy costs sky rocketing, increasing share of operations cost  Cooling is high percentage of network power consumption (20% to 50%)

Fiber Capacity Deficit or “Crunch”

Penny Calls, 24/7 Connection

Data

What next?

10x

Traffic

Voice

Only call on weekends Commercial Systems 1980 1990 2000

Year

2010 2020 © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

50 40 30 20 10 2005

The Network Energy Gap

Mobile Data

Traffic

Internet Backbone

Growing Gap!

Mobile Efficiency Wireline Efficiency 2010 Year 2015 2020 Kilper, et. al., IEEE JSTQE 2011 © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Ideal Efficiency Improvements on BAU: Flat in 2020

 Improving network efficiency at best keeps power consumption flat over next decade  What happens after 2020?

 Can only use ‘sleep modes’ once 100 BAU Current technology will only sustain us for another decade: how do we go beyond?

10 Optimistic Improvements 1 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Year © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

ICT Industry Responds

 First Step: metrics, awareness, standards, call to action  Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI)  ITU-T  GreenGrid  Next Step: Cooperation, Action    

Semiconductor Industry Already Organized for the Long View:

EARTH: LTE 2x Mobile VCE: Green Radio 100x

ITRS 15 years out

Institute for Energy Efficiency: Wireless and Optical 100x GreenTouch: ICT Networks 1000x © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

What is GreenTouch?

GreenTouch Mission

By 2015, our goal is to deliver the architecture, specifications and roadmap — and demonstrate key components — needed to increase network energy efficiency by a factor of 1000 from current levels.

    Broad, open and global consortium executing research projects to achieve aggressive goal Roadmap organization establishing reference architectures and research targets to overcome major challenges facing network scaling and energy Venue for cooperation and enabling demonstrations among research organizations Forum for the exchange of information on energy trends, challenges, & research on communication networks © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

                AT&T Services Athens Information Technology (AIT) Center for Research & Education Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent Broadcom Carnegie Mellon University CEA-LETI Applied Research Institute for Microelectronics China Mobile Chunghwa Telecom Columbia University Commscope/Andrew Draka Communications Dublin City University ETRI ES Network/Lawrence Berkeley Labs Fondazione Politecnico di Milano Fraunhofer-Geselleschaft

GreenTouch Members

                  France Telecom Freescale Semiconductor Fujitsu Huawei IBBT IMEC INRIA KAIST Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U. Leuven) King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KT Corporation National ICTA Australia Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp Politecnico di Torino Portugal Telecom Inovação, S.A. Samsung (SAIT) Seoul National University                    Swisscom TNO Tsinghua University TTI TU Dresden University College London University of Cambridge University of Delaware University of L’Aquila University of Leeds University of Manchester University of Maryland University of Melbourne’s Institute for a Broadband Enabled Society (IBES) University of New South Wales University of Paderborn University of Rochester University of Toronto Waterford Institute of Technology ZTE GreenTouch : Building the Roadmap | 2011 © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

GreenTouch Organization

Executive Board

Gee Rittenhouse

Technical Committee

Dan Kilper, Shugong Xu

Operations Committee

Thierry V. Landegem, Kevin Kemp

Services, Applications Trends

Steve Korotky , Bian Sen

Network Committee

Kerry Hinton

Working Groups © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

GreenTouch Working Groups

Working Groups Access Networks

Wireline Access Networks

P. Vetter,

L. Lefevre

Mobile Communications

U. Barth

, E. Calvanese-Strinati

Core Networks

Optical Networking & Transmission

W. Shieh,

C. Dorize

Switching and Routing

T. Klein

, J. Elmirghani

© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

GreenTouch Approach

     Bottom Up Research Organization Use of models to structure and guide research and collaboration Funding through member contributions & external sources Gauge impact of innovations on:   Alternative metrics (carbon footprint, network power, embedded energy) Adjacent technologies (data centers, handsets) Measure, model and predict energy consumption in ICT networks (equipment trends, traffic, deployment) © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

10 2 10 1 10 0 10 -1

Targets and Challenges

2010 Year 2015 How do we prevent this?

Wireline Access What are the major technical obstacles?

2020 If we wait until 2020, won’t see solution until 2030!

© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Consortium 5 Year Goal

Total Network: BAU 

Define architectures



Demonstrate tech.

Use models for network in 2020 to set technology demonstration requirements

Use Architecture Models & Targets to Track Progress

 Goal 1000 Remaining targets achieved 100 10 12 targets achieved 1 target achieved 3 targets achieved Architecture 1 Architecture 2 Architecture 3 1 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Define architectures and track research results  Identify targets for each architecture and update network efficiency in model as targets are achieved • Working groups define targets and evaluate completion • Targets can be achieved within GreenTouch projects or from broader community • Identify gaps in effort and solicit new activities © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Modeling Provides Clear Picture of Goals

• Baseline year 2010 • Target year 2020 • GreenTouch results in five years: 2015

Efficiency in Mbps/W

1.E+04

GreenTouch 5 year Goal: Element efficiency demonstration targets for model 2020 network

1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01

DRAFT MODEL

Overall network efficiency target in 2020

1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 Access Transport Rtg&Swg Mobile Overall © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

Roadmap Details Underway

GPON XGPON

2.0

1.8

After sleep mode Efficient HW design

  Draft wireline access cpe trend Draft Core Opt Ntwk transponder model

Virtual HGW

1.6

1.4

1.2

0.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2016 2017 2020

BI PON

(RF overlay) Home gateway processor Voice user interface Data user interface (Ethernet and Wireless) PON digital OE PON Tx: Mux Driver Laser Mod Subtotal

Low power circuits beyond CMOS

Rx: PhotoRx DeMux Subtotal P(W) 0.40

1.00

0.06

0.16

0.144

0.80

1.62

0.95

2.56W

10.25W

+Inefficiencie s P function Overheads Total 12.81W

12.81W

25.6W

Notes 10pJ/b 25pJ/b 1.5pJ/b 4pJ/b 3.6pJ/b 20pJ/b 20% 80% © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Structure

Mobile Communications

2000X Services, Applications & Trends

Wireline Access Networks

1600X

Core Switching & Routing

400X

Core Optical Networking & Transmission

20X

© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Some Research Projects…

Beyond Cellular – Green Mobile Networks Virtual Home Gateway Optimal End-to-End Resource Allocation Service Energy Aware Optical Networks Green Transmission Technologies Minimum Energy Access Architectures Single-Chip Linecards Large-Scale Antenna Systems Highly-Adaptive Layer Mesh Networks Massive MIMO Steady flow of new Projects & coop. activities © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

First Technology Demonstration: Large Scale Antenna Array Systems, Using MIMO to Focus RF Energy

Marzetta, T. L., IEEE Trans Wireless Comm, Nov 2010 © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Current Antenna Technology

Antenna End-user © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Current Antenna Technology

Antenna

Power used

End-user

Simulating Current Antenna Technology

16 element antenna array Antenna © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Power used = 16W

End-user

Large Scale Antenna System Demonstration

Antenna 16 Antennas  16x power reduction!

Collaborators:

Bell Labs Freescale Huawei imec Samsung Power used = 1W

© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium End-user

Beyond Cellular Mobile

Separating Data Network from Signaling Network

Data Network Signaling Network

Collaborators:

Polimi Bell Labs Huawei Samsung INRIA

Mobile Communications Working Group © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Wireline Access

Min. Energy Access Architectures Un-cooled Tunable Lasers Sleep Modes DSP Platforms for Wireless Home Network Virtual Home Gateway Low Power OFDM in Optical Access Novel PON Protocols; Low Power Customer Premises Equipment Fiber in the Home © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Single-Chip Router Linecards

Multiple Cores Optical Fiber Silicon Photonics Content Cache CMOS Hybrid Electronic – Photonic Chip Core Switching & Routing Working Group © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium



Cooperation Among Diverse Research Groups & Consortia

Cooperating Project INTERNET: INTelligent Energy awaRe NETworks

Input Thru port Drop port Add port Backplane Line cards

Zinwave © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Current GreenTouch Projects

              BCG 2 : Beyond Cellular Green Generation* GTT: Green Transmission Technologies* LSAS: Large Scale Antenna Systems* *Cluster project made up of several sub-projects/activities Minimum Energy Access Architectures  Minimum energy access architecture demonstration VHG: Virtual Home Gateway OPERA: Optimal End to End Resource Allocation STAR: Switching & Transmission REPTILE: Router Power Measurements Single Chip Linecard ZeBRA: Zero Buffer Router Architectures SEASON: Service Energy Aware Sustainable Optical Networks* HALF MOON: Highly Adaptive Layer for Mesh On-off Optical Networks EFICOST: Energy Efficient High Capacity OFDM Signal Transmission Telecommunication Audits and Data Aggregation © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

GreenTouch Project Process

Project concept presented to relevant WG(s); project proposal prepared incorporating any in kind or cash funding from partners Relevant WG(s) discusses and endorses the proposal Technical Committee discusses and approves the proposal; passes funding requests onto the Executive Board Includes endorsement of contributed or cooperative projects & activities Opportunity for members to review, solicit, & fund projects or make in-kind contributions Members can direct donations for the purpose of funding projects or activities, or make a general contribution © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Initial Activities



Build research program



First technology demonstration spring 2011



Establish common reference architecture



Define primary research targets



Establish expected trends on key metrics to 2020



Provide international forum for cooperation and exchange of ideas on energy research topics

© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

New Approaches: Focus on Energy

     New devices • Analog vs digital, best use of optics and electronics • Old ideas finding new life: large scale MIMO New architectures • trade-off transmission/bandwidth and processing, distributed versus centralized New protocols • Longer packet sizes or no packets at all for certain applications Service optimized networks • • Move away from one size fits all—use most energy efficiency hardware for the service Coordinate service delivery/applications with network hardware operation Restructuring layers, architectures, feature options • How much do way pay in energy for convenience? duplicated functions (FEC)?

• What technologies do we really need in order to support the essential capabilities?

© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Minimizing Processing

     • • • Repetition Unnecessary router hops Inter-operator exchange Multiple transmissions Remove processing from the data path • Separate control channel?

Focus on Service • Content delivery vs. browsing vs messaging Push to the edges • • FEC Security, policy processing Simplified Addressing • Geographic addressing/binary switching Separate what is needed from what is convenience © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

A Scalable Internet: Holistic Re-Design

 • • Processing New addressing—transparent data flow End-to-End—security, FEC  Back to the Future • Optimized hardware for given task: service differentiation – Take the movies out of the routers     How many layers do we need?

How do protocols and algorithms impact hardware design?

How do we unlock physical potential—small cells, efficient MIMO?

What is the real energy cost for the features and functions supported in the network?

© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

300 250 200 150

Opportunities

 A global organization dedicated to the long term sustainability of ICT networks  Tackle major problems end-to-end, full picture  Lay the foundation technologies  Clear vision for future: roadmap

100

Future is a different game than the past

50 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 YEAR 2015 2020 2025

© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Thank You

www.greentouch.org

© 2011 GreenTouch Consortium