Medieval Christian Monks • • Understand the role of Christian monks in preserving and creating illuminated manuscripts in scriptoria Examine the layout of a medieval monastery 1

9th C. ms. And 20th C. model

St. Gall, Switzerland ca. 819

11-19B Abbey of Saint-Riquier, Centula, France, 790–799, in an engraving of 1612 after a lost 11th century manuscript illumination. Bibliothèque 3

Figure 11-20

Westwork of the abbey church, Corvey, Germany, 873– 885. 4

Abbey church of St. Pantaleon

Cologne, Germany ca. 966-980

Torhalle (gatehouse) Lorsch, Germany 9th century Typical Carolingian style architecture

Ottonian Art (10 th century Germany) • • • • Examine the architecture associated with the Ottonians, its formal origins and its later influence.

Understand the architectural and free standing sculptural traditions of the Ottonians.

Compare and contrast Ottonian and Carolingian art Examine the styles of the Ottonian illuminated manuscripts.

• • • • Charlemagne’s ineffective grandsons divided the empire into three parts.

This caused the exponential growth of feudalism Weakened Empire was left vulnerable to invasions.

German ruler, Otto I, married the Lombard king’s widow, ruled over much of Italy and was crowned emperor by the pope. – This led to years of continued conflict with the papacy and local Italian rulers and the Holy Roman Emperor. 8

Architecture of the Ottonians • Examine the architecture, its formal origins and its later influence.

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Figure 11-21

Nave of the church of Saint Cyriakus, Gernrode, Germany, 961– 10

Figure 11-22 Saint Michael’s,

Hildesheim, Germany, 1001– 1031. 11

Figure 11-23

Longitudi nal section (top) and plan (bottom) of the abbey church of 12

11-23A Nave (looking east) of

Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim, 1001–1031.

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Abbey Church of St. Michael’s

Hildesheim, Germany ca. 1001-1031

Ottonian Sculpture • • Understand the architectural sculpture associated with St. Michael’s at Hildesheim, Germany.

Examine the free standing sculptural traditions of the Ottonians.

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Figure 11-24 Doors

with relief panels (Genesis, left door; life of Christ, right door), commissioned by Bishop Bernward for Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim, 16

11-25 God accusing Adam and

Eve, detail of the left door of Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, 1015. Bronze, 1’ 10 1/8” high. Dom-Museum, 17

11-26 Otto I presenting Magdeburg

Cathedral to Christ, from Magdeburg Cathedral, Magdeburg, Germany, 962– 968. Ivory, 5” X 4 1/2". Metropolitan 18 Museum of Art, New York (gift of

Figure 11-24A Column

with reliefs illustrating the life of Christ, commissioned by Bishop Bernward for Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, 19

11-27 Christ blessing Otto II and

Theophanu, 972–973. Ivory, 7 1/8” X 4”. Musée National du Moyen Age, 20 Paris.

Gero for Cologne Cathedral, Germany, ca. 970. Painted wood, height of figure 6’ 2”. Cathedral, Cologne.

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Ottonian Illuminated Manuscripts • • Examine the appearance of the Ottonian illuminated manuscripts.

Notice the golden backgrounds and linear figural styles in Ottonian illuminated manuscripts --- Ottonian leaders developed significant contacts with the Byzantine empire.

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Figure 11-

29 Otto III

enthroned, folio 24 recto of the

Gospel Book of

Otto III, from Reichenau, Germany, 997–1000. 23

Figure 11-30

Annunciation to the Shepherds, folio in the

Lectionary of

Henry II, from Reichenau, Germany, 1002–1014. 24

11-31 Abbess Uta dedicating her

codex to the Virgin, folio 2 recto of the Uta Codex, from Regensburg, Germany, ca. 1025. Tempera on parchment, 9 5/8” X 5 1/8”. Bayerische 25

11-29A Jesus washing the feet of

Saint Peter, folio 237 recto of the Gospel Book of Otto III, 997– 1000. Tempera on vellum, 1’ 1” X 9 3/8”. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich.

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Discussion Questions    In what ways did medieval European art and architecture depart from classical Roman art and architecture? Did any of the civilizations retain characteristics of Roman art and architecture? Explain.

Compare the three major manuscript styles that developed in the Middle Ages.

What previous styles of art influenced medieval European art?

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