Transcript Chapter 8: Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings

1801-1824
Section 1
Focus Question:
 How did Jefferson’s philosophy shape
policy towards public spending, the
judiciary, and Louisiana?
Big Picture:
 Cut down spending
 FED controls Judiciary
 LA Purchase
The Revolution of 1800?
Jefferson called his election a revolution
 What is a revolution?

The Revolution of 1800?

How were Jefferson’s views different
from John Adams (his predecessor)?
The Election of 1800
Election of 1800 was viciously
contested
 Federalist threatened a civil war if
Jefferson was elected
 Republicans accused John
Adams of wanting to create a
monarchy
 However both Thomas Jefferson
and Aaron Burr received 73
electoral votes

The Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
DemocraticRepublican
73
52.9%
Aaron Burr
New York
DemocraticRepublican
73
52.9%
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist
65
47.1%
Charles Pinckney
South Carolina
Federalist
64
46.4%
John Jay
New York
Federalist
1
0.7%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a
Majority
70
1800 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson
1800 Election Results
(Into the House of Representatives!!)
 1 vote for each State 
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican
10
62.5%
Aaron Burr
New
York
Democratic-Republican
4
25.0%
Blank
-------
2
12.5%
The Election of 1800
Therefore it was a tie for the President
 It was up to the House of representatives
to decide and after 6 days of deadlock,
Jefferson won
 T o avoid this in the future, the 12th
Amendment was added to the Constitution
 Made electors vote separately for
President and Vice President

Jefferson’s Inauguration

How did Jefferson make his election
less aristocratic?

“Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with
one heart and one mind…every difference
in opinion is not a difference in
principle…We are all Republicans; we are
all Federalists.”

What does Jefferson’s address suggest about what
happened during the election campaigns?

What do you think Jefferson means by the phrase, “We
are all republicans, we are all federalists…?”
The Revolution of 1800: Spending

My Notes

Your Notes
The Revolution of 1800: Structure

My Notes

Your Notes
The Revolution of 1800: Judiciary

My Notes

Your Notes
Revolution of 1800: Land

My Notes

Your Notes
John Marshall
Federalist Judge chosen by
John Adams
William Marbury
James Madison
Federalist “midnight
judge” appointed by
Adams prior to leaving
office. TJ ordered Madison
to dismiss him, Marbury
sued Madison claiming
Judiciary Act of 1789.
Secretary of State under
TJ. Dismissed Marbury
because Adams was trying
to keep Federalist hold on
the Supreme Court to rule
against TJ.
The Supreme Court’s Decision
Judiciary Act of 1789 (SC reviews federal cases)
unconstitutional. The act was from Congress and it is the
Constitution who gives the SC direction. Marbury kept his apmt.
Importance of that Ruling
Established Judicial Review which allowed the SC to review any
laws that Congress makes to ensure they are constitutional.
The Beginnings of the LA Purchase:
The Pinckney Treaty
By 1800 more than one
million settlers lived
between the
Appalachian Mountains
and Mississippi
 Most settler were
farmers and relied on
Mississippi to ship their
crops to the port at New
Orleans

The Pinckney Treaty

In 1795 U.S.
negotiated the
Pinckney Treaty
 Guaranteed
Americans’ rights to
ship goods down the
Mississippi and store
goods in New Orleans
A Secret Deal

In 1801, Spain
secretly gave New
Orleans and the
Louisiana Territory to
France
 Jefferson worried
about how Napoleon
Bonaparte would rule
the area
1802 the Governor of New Orleans
stopped allowing Americans to ship their
goods through New Orleans
 Americans wanted to go to war
 Jefferson decided to send James
Monroe to Paris to buy New Orleans
from the French

Meanwhile on France’s End…
 Meanwhile
in Haiti, a revolution led by
Toussaint L’Ouverture had driven the
French out
 Without Haiti, the French would not be
able to defend Louisiana during a war
 In France, another war between France
and Britain was about to begin and the
French needed money to fund it
Napoleon's Offer
France offered to sell ALL OF THE
LOUISIANA TERRITORY for $15
million (about 4 cents an acre)
 Because it would take months to get
Jefferson’s advice, Monroe accepted
the offer
 This agreement would almost
double the size of the country and
give the U.S. control of the
Mississippi

Jefferson’s Predicament

The Constitution nowhere states that the
President has the power to buy land
from a foreign country
Democratic
Republicans
Federalists
Costs &
Benefits
Farmers
Native Americans
Jefferson’s Predicament
Jefferson decided he could purchase the
land because the Constitution said the
president could make treaties
 The Senate approved the treaty and
Congress voted to pay for the land

PSD: Jefferson to Lewis
Please use APPARTS to identify this
PSD
 Read pages 230 to 231 and answer the
question in your journal

The Election of 1804

Background:
 Candidates Jefferson (DR) & Charles
Pinckney (F) ran for office.
 Thomas Jefferson wins with 92% of EC votes
 This victory will be short lived due to the
revengeful Aaron Burr who tied Jefferson for
EC votes in the Election of 1800
 During Jefferson’s second term, George
Clinton was VP b/c DR feared Burr’s
relationship with Federalists.
Section 2
Focus Question:
 What led James Madison to go to war
with Britain in 1812?
Big Picture:
 American became a pawn to the FR.
 Jefferson—keep together new land,
Burr, & Republicans!
Web Quest of Aaron Burr

Using the website:
 Which to charges are being brought against




Burr?
What evidence have you found that would
allow John Marshall to convict him?
What evidence have you found that might
prove his innocence?
How will his actions cause problems for
Jefferson’s second term?
How does his actions lead towards conflict
with foreign nations?
The War of 1812
Please read James Madison’s war
message and record reasons that would
prompt him to go to war with Britain.
 In addition, add reasons from your
guided reading that would support a war
for Britain

Causes of the War of 1812

Under TJ

Under Madison
Section 3
Focus Question
 How did the War of 1812 influence
American domestic policies?
Big Picture
 Weak AM Navy = land battle in Canada
 BR used NA to scare off AM
 AM lack of national unity to defend country.
In June 1812, the U.S.
Declared War on Britain
The U.S. finds itself
unprepared!!
 Because of
Jefferson’s earlier
cuts of the
government, the
U.S. very weak
 16 warships and
7,000 soldiers
(Britain had over
200 warships)
The British are still in
a war!!
 The British had to
fight the War of
1812 and the
Napoleonic Wars at
the same time
The Tactics of Both Sides


The U.S.
Invade British
Territory in Canada
Gain control of the
Great Lakes and
keep control of the
Mississippi


The British
Blockade all U.S.
ports to prevent
supplies
Enlist the help of the
Native Americans
The Invasion of Canada



Fort Detroit
Attempted to invade
Canada through Detroit
General William Hull
began to retreat and was
quickly surrounded by
British soldiers andNative
American warriors
This was a huge defeat
for the U.S.-British
captured over 2,000
soldiers
The Invasion of Canada
Lake Erie
 Commander Oliver
Hazard Perry led huge
victory
 British were forced to
return to retreat to
Canada
 First time in history that an
entire British Fleet was
defeated and captured by
the enemy
The Invasion of Canada
Thames
 As British and Native American allies
retreated, General William Henry
Harrison and his troops pursued them
 Followed British into Canada and
defeated them
Conflict in the South
Horseshoe Bend
 Andrew Jackson in command of U.S.
forces in Georgia
 Creek tribes had attacked American
settlements
 Jackson defeated them at Horseshoe
Bend and forced them to give up
millions of acres of land
Final Battles
Washington
 In 1814, the British
defeated Napoleon and
could bring all their
troops to the U.S.
 Set fire to many
government buildings
including the White
House
Final Battles
Fort McHenry
 British attacked fort
which defended
Baltimore’s harbor
 British warships
bombarded the fort
throughout the night
but, American fought
off the attack
Battle of Fort McHenry,
1814
Oh Say Can You See
By the Dawn’s Early Light…
-- Francis Scott Key
Gave proof through the night,
That our flag was still there…
The End of the War
Treaty of Ghent
 The war was a draw, Britain tired of fighting: too
costly
 On Dec. 24, 1814 agreed to Treaty of Ghent
 Agreed to go back to the ways things were before
the war
 Britain never gave the Native Americans the land they
had promised
 The issue of impressment was never mentioned in the
treaty

War helped U.S. gain respect as a nation, called
“Second War for Independence”
People that Didn’t Get the
Message
The Hartford Convention
 There was much
opposition to the war
 Federalist critics called it
“Mr. Madison’s War”
 New Englanders
especially, were against
the war because the
naval blockade had
hurt trade
 December 1814, a
group of Federalists
met in Hartford, CT
People that Didn’t Get the
Message
The Hartford Convention
 Some delegates at the Hartford
Convention suggested seccession
from the U.S.
 When news of peace arrived at the
convention the convention quickly ended
People that Didn’t Get the
Message
The Battle of New
Orleans
 General Andrew
Jackson did not get
the news of the
Treaty
 Fought and won
stunning victory at
New Orleans
Effects of 1812
Section 4
Focus Question
 To what extent did Jefferson’s legacy persist
into the Era of Good Feelings?
Big Picture
 End of Federalist party
 Supreme Court rulings
 Missouri Compromise
 Monroe’s politics
Causes
The War of 1812 establishes
the U.S as a world power
(respect)
 There was much more
nationalism (pride)
 The Federalist Party died
out (unity)
 When James Monroe
(Republican) ran for
president, he won by a
landslide

The Election of 1816
The Election of 1820
Effects
Government Takes a Greater
Role in the Economy
Second Bank of the U.S. established in
1816
 Protective Tariff is passed

 Protects U.S. goods from foreign
competition
 British had been dumping (selling their
goods below market price)
 WEST  got roads, canals, and
federal aide.
 EAST  got the backing of
protective tariffs from the
West.
 SOUTH  ??
Effects
Central Government Strengthened Over
States
McCulloch v. Maryland
 The state of Maryland tried to tax its
branch of the National Bank
 Court ruled that a state cannot pass
any law that violates a federal law
Effects
Central Government Strengthened Over
States
Gibbons v. Ogden
 Steamboat went from New Jersey to
New York
 It was considered “interstate
commerce” which can only be regulated
by Congress, not the states
Effects
US Takes a Greater Role in the World
Florida
 Andrew Jackson sent to recapture
escaped slaves
 Seized two Spanish towns and forced the
governor to flee
 Adams- Onis Treaty of 1819: Since Spain
could not protect Florida, decided to give it
up
Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819
US Population Density
1810
1820
Effects
US Takes a Greater Role in the World
Monroe Doctrine
 U.S. wanted to protect trade with the
newly independent Latin America
 Monroe Doctrine
 U.S. would not allow European nations
to interfere with the free nations of Latin
America
America Getting Patriotic!
Hail to the Chief
 Yankee Doodle Dandy
