Transcript The Growing Nation 1820
The Growing Nation 1820 - 1860
The American Republic, Unit 5
The Jackson Era, 1824 - 1845
Chapter 11, Section 1
Jacksonian Democracy
Chapter 11, Section 1
Vocabulary
1.
Favorite Son 8. Majority 2.
Plurality 9. Mudslinging 3.
Landslide 10. Suffrage 4.
Bureaucracy 11. Spoils System 5.
Caucus 12. Nominating Convention 6.
Tariff 13. Nullify 7.
Secede
Political Parties in 1828 Candidate Views/Positions Democratic Republicans National Republicans
Political Parties in 1828 Democratic Republicans Candidate (General) Andrew Jackson Views/Positions Favored State’s Rights National Republicans John Quincy Adams Favored a Strong Federal Government
Changes to the Political System under Andrew Jackson Changes under Jackson
Changes to the Political System under Andrew Jackson More Democratic system for nominating Political candidates Changes under Jackson Expansion of Suffrage The Spoils System
Political Cartoons • At this time in history, there were very few ways of getting information to voters. The most common method of communication was the newspaper. Often, editors of the newspaper(s) used cartoons to make their point(s) to readers.
• Analyze the political cartoon found on page 338. • What symbols does the cartoonist use to suggest items of royalty?
Reflection Questions 1.
Why were Adams and Clay accused of making a “corrupt bargain?” 2.
Why did the House of Representatives select the president in the 1824 presidential election?
3.
How did Jackson try to get the support of the people in the election of 1828?
4.
What was the main reason President Adams was not popular with the Democratic-Republicans?
5.
What is the caucus system?
6.
Why did South Carolina pass the Nullification Act?
1.
Notes, Vocabulary, and Guided Reading Quiz 11.1
What was the main reason President Adams was not popular with the Democratic-Republicans?
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why was Adams unable to achieve his policy objectives after the congressional elections of 1826?
Under President Jackson, who could NOT vote?
What did the Force Bill allow?
Define: a. Majority b. Suffrage c. Caucus d. Spoils System
Conflicts Over Land
Chapter 11, Section 2
Vocabulary 1.
Relocate
2.
Guerrilla Tactics
Expansion of the United States and its effect on Native Americans
What Happened to the Tribes?
Cherokee Sauk/Fox Seminole
Expansion of the United States and its effect on Native Americans
What Happened to the Tribes?
Cherokee Sauk/Fox Seminole Legally challenged their removal in court and won. However, they were forced to move anyway.
They tried to reclaim their land, but were driven off.
They waged a guerrilla war until the United States allowed them to stay in Florida.
What were the steps that led to the eventual removal of the Cherokee from their Native Lands?
The 1835 Treaty between the United States and the Cherokee
What were the steps that led to the eventual removal of the Cherokee from their Native Lands?
The 1835 Treaty between the United States and the Cherokee Most Cherokee refused to sign the treaty Cherokee protested to the Federal Government and won their case Federal Troops removed the Cherokee
Map Exercise • Review the map, Removal of Native Americans, 1820 – 1840 • What group was forced to move farthest from its homeland?
• Which groups were forced to move from Mississippi?
Reflection Questions 1.
What was the purpose of the Indian Removal Act?
2.
How was the response of the Seminoles different from that of the Cherokee when they were removed from their lands?
3.
Why was the removal of the Cherokee known as the “Trail of Tears?” 4.
How were the Seminole able to resist relocation?
5.
How was Georgia’s policy toward the Cherokee different from previous federal policy?
Notes Quiz 11.2
1.
What area did Congress create in 1834?
2.
How was the response of the Seminoles different from that of the Cherokee when they were removed from their lands?
3.
How did Chief Justice John Marshal rule in Worcester v. Georgia?
4.
How was Georgia’s policy toward the Cherokee different from previous federal policy?
5.
What was the Trail of Tears and how did it get its name?
Discussion Question 11.2
• MLA Format with Works Cited page • No more than 150 words • Explain why the actions of President Jackson in his reaction to the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia should be considered unconstitutional.
Jackson and the Bank
Chapter 11, Section 3
Vocabulary 1.
Veto 2.
Depression 3.
Laissez-Faire 4.
Log Cabin Campaign
How did President Jackson put the Bank of the United States out of business?
President Jackson stops the Bank
How did President Jackson put the Bank of the United States out of business?
President Jackson vetoes bill to renew the bank’s charter.
President Jackson orders the withdrawal of all government deposits from the bank President Jackson stops the Bank
How did the Panic of 1837 affect the presidency of Martin Van Buren?
The Panic of 1837
How did the Panic of 1837 affect the presidency of Martin Van Buren?
The Panic of 1837 Supporters turn against Van Buren Van Buren loses the 1840 election and his presidency ends
Political Cartoons • Examine the political cartoon on page 349. Do you think the Bank of the United States is portrayed positively or negatively. Explain your answer in an MLA formatted essay of no more than 100 words. Works cited page and citation in text is not required.
Reflection Questions 11.3
1.
List President Jackson’s reasons for wanting to “kill” the Bank of the United States.
2.
What was the new treasury system supposed to prevent?
3.
Why did President Van Buren do little to solve the nation’s economic problems during the depression?
4.
What tactics did the Whigs borrow from Jackson’s campaign to win the election of 1840?
5.
How did John Tyler become president?
Notes Quiz 11.3
1.
How did President Jackson “kill” the bank once he was reelected?
2.
Name the three things that characterize a “depression.” 3.
What happened shortly after the inauguration of 1841?
4.
What was the new treasury system supposed to prevent?
5.
Why did President Van Buren do little to solve the nation’s economic problems during the depression?
Manifest Destiny, 1818 - 1853
Chapter 12
The Oregon Country
Chapter 12, Section 1
Vocabulary 1.
Joint Occupation 2.
Mountain Man 3.
Rendezvous 4.
Emigrant 5.
Manifest Destiny
Time-Line of Key Events • 1819 1825 1836 1846
Time-Line of Key Events • Adams Onis Treaty Adams becomes POTUS Whitman builds a mission in Oregon The United States and Britain set Oregon boundary 1819 1825 1836 1846
• Cause and Effect of the Fur Trade CAUSE EFFECT The Fur Trade Develops
• Cause and Effect of the Fur Trade CAUSE EFFECT The Fur Trade Develops Reports of fertile land encouraged many new settlers to move there
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Reflection Questions Name the four countries that claimed parts of the Oregon Country.
What North American territories did Russia control in the early 1800s?
How did most pioneers get to Oregon?
How did the fur trade in Oregon aid Americans who began settling there?
How did the idea of Manifest Destiny help Americans justify their desire to extend the United States to the Pacific Ocean?
Independence for Texas
Chapter 12, Section 2
Vocabulary 1.
Tejano 2.
Empresario 3.
Decree 4.
Annex
1835
October December 1836 February March April May September Key Events in Texas
1835
October December 1836 February March April May September Key Events in Texas Battle at Gonzales Texans liberate San Antonio Siege at the Alamo begins Declaration of Independence for the Republic of Texas Battle at San Jacinto Santa Anna signs the treaty Sam Houston elected as president of Texas
Cause of the War between Texas and Mexico WAR
Cause of the War between Texas and Mexico Colonists disobeyed colonization laws and Mexico halted immigration WAR Santa Anna threw out the Mexican Constitution and centralized control
1.
Reflection Questions What role did empresarios play in colonization?
2.
Name four things that American settlers agreed to do in exchange for receiving land in Texas.
3.
Why did Northerners and Southerners disagree on the annexation of Texas?
4.
Who was commander-in-chief of the Texas forces?
5.
How did the fall of the Alamo help the cause of Texas independence, even though it was a defeat for the Texans?
6.
Who was president of the Texas Republic?
Notes Quiz 12.2
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6.
Define empresario.
Name four things that American settlers agreed to do in exchange for receiving land in Texas.
How did the fall of the Alamo help the cause of Texas independence, even though it was a defeat for the Texans?
What is the significance of March 2, 1836?
What was the battle cry of the Texans at the Battle of San Jacinto?
Texas was admitted as the ____________ state.
War with Mexico
Chapter 12, Section 3
1.
Rancho 2.
Ranchero 3.
Californios 4.
Cede Vocabulary
War with Mexico
Actions Taken
William Becknell Jedediah Smith John C. Fremont
War with Mexico
Actions Taken
William Becknell Jedediah Smith John C. Fremont First American trader in Santa Fe; blazed the Santa Fe Trail Visited and wrote bout San Gabriel Mission Visited and wrote about California
Polk’s Strategy and how it was Accomplished Polk’s Strategy
Polk’s Strategy and how it was Accomplished Polk’s Strategy Drive Mexican forces out of Texas – Taylor captures Monterrey and Buena Vista securing Texas border Seize New Mexico and California – Kearny captures New Mexico capital, and Sloat declares California to be annexed to the United States Take the capital of Mexico – Scott’s army takes the capital
Reflection Questions 1.
Where did the Santa Fe Trail end?
2.
What was the purpose of the California Missions?
3.
Why did the Spanish establish missions in the Southwest and what happened to the mission land after Mexico gained independence from Spain?
4.
According to the Mexican Government, where was the border between Texas and Mexico?
5.
What lands did Mexico cede to the United States?
New Settlers in California and Utah
Chapter 12, Section 4
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Vocabulary
Forty-Niners Boomtown Vigilante
Roles in the Settlement of California and Utah
What was their role?
Forty-Niners Mormons Brigham Young
Roles in the Settlement of California and Utah
What was their role?
Forty-Niners Came to California after gold was discovered Mormons Brigham Young Religious group whose migration to present-day Utah was the largest single migration in American history Mormon leader and governor of Utah territory
California Gold Rush and Economic Growth Growth of California
California Gold Rush and Economic Growth Increased Population Increased Agriculture Increased Trade Growth of California
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Reflection Questions 12.4
Why did the Forty-Niners come to California?
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Why was California’s entry into the Union delayed?
3.
How might the history of California have been different if the Gold Rush had not happened?
4.
Why was Deseret able to grow economically?
5.
Examine the cause-and-effect chart on page 377. Are each of the effects of westward expansion positive? Explain your answer.
Notes Quiz 12.4
1.
Why was California’s entry into the Union delayed?
2.
What document identified California as a free state?
3.
Where did the vast majority of “49ers” come from?
4.
What was the historical significance of the migration of 12,000 Mormons to the Great Salt Lake in 1846?
5.
Who was the leader of the Mormon migration?
The Age of Reform, 1820 - 1860
Chapter 14
SOCIAL REFORM
Chapter 14, section 1
Vocabulary 1.
Utopia
2.
Revival
3.
Temperance
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Normal School
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Transcendentalist
Contributions of Reformers’
Contributions
Lyman Beecher Horace Mann Thomas Gallaudet Dorothea Dix
Contributions of Reformers’
Contributions
Lyman Beecher Horace Mann Led the temperance movement Thomas Gallaudet Dorothea Dix Promoted longer school terms, better trained teachers, and improved curriculum Developed a method to educate the hearing-impaired Led a movement to improve the care of prisoners and people with mental illness
The Cause and Effect of the Religious Movement Religious Movement
The Cause and Effect of the Religious Movement People wanted to reform their own lives Religious Movement The reform spirit motivated people to become involved in social reform and missionary work
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Reflection Questions 14.1
What were the effects of the Second Great Awakening?
2.
How did Dr. Samuel Howe help the visually impaired?
3.
What were the three accepted principles of public education in the 1850s?
4.
How did Thoreau act on his beliefs and what impact might such acts have had on the government?
5.
What did Thomas Jefferson mean when he said that the United States could not survive as a democracy without educated and well-informed citizens?
Notes Quiz 14.1
1.
What is temperance?
2.
What were the three accepted principles of public education in the 1850s?
3.
Which college admitted both women and African-Americans?
4.
Name the most successful book and its author in the mid-1800’s?
5.
What were the effects of the Second Great Awakening?
The Abolitionists
Chapter 14, Section 2
Vocabulary 1.
Abolitionist
2.
Underground Railroad
Five Important Abolitionists 1 2 African American Newspapermen 2 sisters Abolitionists 1 1
Five Important Abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm Sarah and Angelina Grimke Abolitionists Frederick Douglass Sojourner Truth
Actions Abolitionists took to Free Enslaved People Freeing of Enslaved People
Actions Abolitionists took to Free Enslaved People Founding of abolitionist newspapers and societies Freeing of Enslaved People Buying enslaved people and relocating them Providing safe houses along the Underground Railroad Speaking out against slavery
Reflection Questions 14.2
1.
How did the American Colonization Society fight slavery?
2.
What role did Harriet Tubman play in the antislavery movement?
3.
Why did Frederick Douglass return to the United States?
4.
Why did many Northerners oppose the abolition of slavery?
5.
What were the differences between Northerners who opposed abolitionism and Southerners who opposed abolitionism?
Discussion Question 14.2
• MLA Format • No more than 150 words • Works cited page and citation in text are required • Imagine that you were alive and living in the United States in 1860. Explain your view of slavery from the point of view of a race other than your own. You may imagine yourself as living in either the North or the South.