Erickson`s Theory of Psychosocial Development
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Transcript Erickson`s Theory of Psychosocial Development
Erikson studied Freud’s Psychoanalysis
Theory under Freud’s daughter, Anna
Expansion of Freud’s concept of ego
Only developmental theory that extends
through adulthood
Sources: London, Ladewig, Ball, Bindler, & Cowen, 2011
McEwen & Wills, 2007
Eight stages of psychosocial development with an identified
challenge to be mastered
As each challenge is mastered strengths are gained contributing to
character and health
Development is primarily qualitative - occurring in stages
Also quantitative because one’s identity becomes stronger with
mastery of challenges
Nature determines the sequence of stages
Must pass through one stage prior to entering next stage
Sources: Sharkey, 1997
Tomey-Marriner, 1989
STAGE
(AGE)
CRISIS
I
Infancy
(0-1 )
Trust vs.. Mistrust
II
Toddler
(2-3)
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
III
Preschooler (3-6)
Initiative vs. Guilt
IV
School-age
Industry vs. Inferiority
V
Adolescence (12-18)
Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion
VI
Young Adult
Intimacy vs. Isolation
VII Middle Adult (up to 50)
Generativity vs. Self-absorption
VIII Old Adult
Integrity vs. Despair
(7-12)
(20’s)
(≥ 50)
Source: Boeree, 2006
Directly applicable to nursing care of children
Health promotion & maintenance visits help
caregivers meet child’s needs
Educate parents to identify normal tasks
Educate parents to encourage healthy
development
Provides framework to assess hospitalized child &
provide care to ensure progression through the
developmental stages
Source: London, et al., 2011
Integral to holistic nursing
Essential in assessment to determine age
appropriateness or arrested development of
patients
Results of ego strengths evaluation used by
nurses for assessment and treatment outcomes
Ego strengths used by nurses to empower
patients to take control of their lives
Source: McEwen & Wills, 2007
Research studies were conducted in the
following areas:
Impact of diabetes on the development of
psychosocial maturity and the older adult
How school age children deal with disaster
Self-care practices of adolescents
Concept of generativity in middle-aged
women attending graduate school
Source: McEwen & Wills, 2007
I personally use Erickson’s Theory of
Psychosocial Development each time I am in the
clinical area with students. A section of the
assessment tool that we use is devoted to
assessing the psychosocial issues of the assigned
patient. I use this information to identify the
patient’s strengths & weaknesses. When
planning care, I capitalize on the strengths to
assist the patient promote recovery/health
maintenance and promotion.