Question #1: The sugar & phosphate portions of a DNA molecule function mainly to do which of the following?

A. store & transmit information about an organism’s t raits B. attract the units that are used to create new DNA molecules C. provide the structural support for the sequence of nitrogenous base pairs D. provide the energy that the molecule needs to car ry out its function Question #2: DNA affects the organism’s traits by doing which of the follo wing?

A. directing the assembly of amino acids to form prot eins B. determining which traits will be most beneficial to the organism C. establishing the rules by which all of the elements in the body will form compounds D. identifying which genetic material should be expre ssed & which material discarded

Question #1:

What do these three statements describ

e?

I. Instructions for translating information into prot eins II. Alignment & sequence of genes on a chromoso me III. Composed of nucleotide triplets

A. protein synthesis B. the genetic code C. cell differentiation D. DNA fingerprinting

Question #2: Refer to the chart. The triplet codes found in this chart apply to: A. humans only.

B. plants & animals.

C. prokaryotes only.

D. all living things.

Question #1: The diagram shows how a section of protein containing the amino acid sequence “QYWQ” is formed. What is the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA section shown?

A. 5' UCGGAUACUACU 3‘ B. 5' CCACCACCACCA 3‘ C. 5' ACUUCGGAUACU 3‘ D. 5' CAGUAUUGGCAA 3'

Question #2: The illustration shows the transcription process. What is the main purpose of the structure labeled W?

A. carrying instructions for protein synthesis B. transforming into a protein C. replacing damaged DNA D. passing traits to offspring

Question #1: Every cell contains DNA. The main purpose of DNA is to store the cell’s genetic information. How does DNA control the cell?

A. DNA activates nerve signals B. DNA protects the cell from invaders C. DNA speeds up chemical reactions D. DNA determines what proteins are made Question #2: The base sequence that remains after RNA splicing, & can be translated into a protein is a/an: A. exon.

B. deletion.

C. insertion.

D. intron.

Question #1: A scientist is searching for a chemical that can alter the characteristics a pea plant will pass on to its offspring. The scientist needs a chemical that can affect pea plants in which way?

A. by altering the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the plant’s DNA B. by reducing the total number of copies of the plant’s genetic material C. by changing the spiral shape of the plant’s DNA molecules to wheels or horseshoes D. by adding extra deoxyribose molecules to each strand of the plant’s genetic material

Question #2: Mutated DNA in somatic cells occurs frequently, but this modified DNA cannot be passed along to offspring because: A. modified DNA in somatic cells is recessive.

B. offspring typically reject modified DNA.

C. only gamete cells carry genetic material to offspring.

D. offspring mutations happen only when somatic cells are diseased.

Question #1: Look at the Punnett square shown below.

In pea plants, having round peas (R) is dominant over wrinkled peas (r). Two plants with round (Rr) peas were crossed. If 4 offspring are produced, how many offspring are expected to have round peas?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Question #2: Refer to the diagram. What are the genotypes of the parents in this cross?

A. TTRr & ttRr B. TtRr & TtRr C. TTrr & TtRr D. TTRr & TtRr

Question #1: A rat has 42 chromosomes in each somatic cell. How many chromosomes are in each gamete?

A. 18 B. 21 C. 40 D. 42 Question #2: The diagram shows the process of meiosis. The chromosome separation that occurs during meiosis results in a: A. single fertilized egg cell.

B. group of genetically identical cells.

C. single sperm cell.

D. reduction in the number of chromosomes per cell.

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Question #1: Which of the following is an inappropriate place to gather information for a karyotype?

A. a sex cell B. a skin cell C. a nerve cell D. a muscle cell Question #2: Most species have a standard karyotype. It is common, however, that there is a difference between males & fema les within a species. How does the human karyotype differ between males & females?

A. males only have 45 chromosomes & females ha ve 46 B. the sex chromosomes in males are XY & in fema les they are XX C. scientists cannot tell the difference but know th ere is one D. males have two satellites attached to their sex chromosomes