Transcript Session 5 HRBA 3 Steps (Short)

A Human Rights-Based Approach to
Country Analysis:
3 Steps
Session 5
Session objectives
• Understand the value added of a HRBA in country
analysis and UN programming
• Apply the HRBA to the analysis of real country
development challenges in three basic steps: causal,
role and capacity gap analysis
HRBA in UN Programming
- Positioning human rights
issues
Mechanisms for
participation or RHs and
DBs in programe
monitoring and evaluation
Road Map
- Inclusion of stakeholders
- Preparation process of
the UNDAF
Country Analysis
Monitoring &
Evaluation
Programme
Planning &
Implementation
(Agency or Multi-Agency
Joint Programmes)
Strengthened capacities
of rights-holders and dutybearers
Human rights
principles and
standards
- Review existing
analysis (assessment)
- UNCT supported
analysis
- Identify UNCT
comparative
advantages
Strategic
Planning
- Strategic priorities for
UNDAF/ UNDAF Action
Plan
- Linking rights to
development
challenges
- Patterns of discrim.,
inequality, and
exclusion
- Capacity gaps of
RHs and DBs
Empowered rights-holders
and accountable dutybearers contribute to the
realization of human rights
Options for country analysis
Whatever the option is:
Country
analysis
1. Participation in
government-led
analytical work
2. Complementary
analysis
3. CCA

HRBA, as the other programming
principles, provides criteria to ensure a
high quality analysis;

A strong country analysis is more likely to
lead to a strong UNDAF and ultimately
strong agency programming.
(UNDG)
Country Analysis
GATHERING INFORMATION
About development problems from existing sources,
esp. national treaty reports and observations and
recommendations from treaty bodies
ASSESSMENT
Shortlist major development problems
for deeper analysis
ANALYSIS
Of root causes &
their linkages
Assessment
Causality
Analysis
1
Analysis –
in three
steps
Role
Analysis
Who has been
left behind?
Why?
Which rights are at
stake?
Who has to do
something about it?
2
Capacity
Gap
Analysis
3
What do they need to
take action?
HRBA to the Assessment
Purpose of the Assessment:
 Identify the main development challenges
What is happening? To whom? Where?
e.g. High incidence of child malnutrition in rural areas
A rights-based development
challenge should be people
focused.
In other words: Who is left
behind?
Detailed Steps
1. CAUSAL ANALYSIS
Getting to root causes
Legal, Institutional, and policy frameworks
2. ROLE ANALYSIS
3. CAPACITY GAP
ANALYSIS
Assessment
Causality
Analysis
1
Analysis –
in three
steps
Role
Analysis
Who has been
left behind?
Why?
Which rights are at
stake?
Who has to do
something about it?
2
Capacity
Gap
Analysis
3
What do they need to
take action?
Step 1: Causality Analysis
What is it?
• The essential first step for HRBA and RBM
• A technique for identifying causes of a problem which can
then be used to formulate appropriate responses
• We can map the problem and its causes in the form of a
problem tree
CAUSALITY ANALYSIS
Causes of a Problem
Manifestation
Immediate Causes
Underlying causes
Root Causes
Problem Tree
Manifestations
High incidence of child
malnutrition in rural areas
Immediate
causes
Inadequate dietary
intake
Disease
Underlying
causes
Insufficient
food security
Inadequate Maternal
& Child Care
Insufficient health services
& unhealthy environment
Resource Control
+
Organizational structures
Root
causes
Political, Ideological,
Economic structures
Problem 1: HIV/AIDS
Problem 2: Girl’s Education
Immediate Causes
Underlying Causes
Root Causes
Core Problem Area
Gender Discrimination
Group Work:
Causality analysis/problem tree
Using the information from the case study and the
identified development challenge:
 Formulate the problem in terms of what is happening, to
whom and where – write it on a card
 Discuss and identify the immediate, underlying and root
causes
 Build a problem tree
 Use the problem tree to identify the rights standards and
principles that are at stake
Assessment
Causality
Analysis
1
HRBA to
Analysis in
three steps
Role
Analysis
Who is left
behind?
Why?
Which rights are at
stake?
Who has to do
something about it?
2
Capacity
Gap
Analysis
3
What do they need to
take action?
Step 2: Role Analysis


Rights holders

Who are they?

What are their claims?
Duty bearers

Who are they?

What are their duties?
Check what the
human right
standards say about
their claims and
duties
Check also what role
is expected from
rights-holders & duty
bearers in national
laws, procedures and
policies
Example: Right to Education
Rights Holder:
Claim: ensure access to quality
Children with disabilities
primary and secondary education
Capacity gaps:
without discrimination
Duty-bearer (1):
Obligations: improve physical
School Administration
accessibility to classroom and
Capacity gaps:
toilets, ensure teachers
attendance
Duty-bearer (2):
OBs.: carry out regular inspections
Provincial Direction of
in public and private schools and
Education
address individual complaints
Duty Bearer (3):
OBs.: promote inclusive education
Ministry of Education
policies, train teachers, adapt
textbooks
Capacity gaps:
Capacity gaps:
Group Work: Role Analysis
1. From your causal analysis, select one of the causes
in which you want to focus on and highlight why you
chose it
2. Identify a main right-holder and a critical claim
3. Identify the max. 3 duty-bearers who should do
something about that claim and their most critical
obligations
Example: Right to Education
Rights Holder:
Claim:
Capacity gaps:
Duty-bearer (1):
Obligations:
Capacity gaps:
Duty-bearer (2):
OBs.:
Capacity gaps:
Duty Bearer (3):
OBs.:
Capacity gaps:
Assessment
Causality
analysis
1
HRBA to
analysis in
three steps
Role
analysis
Who is left
behind?
Why?
Which rights are at
stake?
Who has to do
something about it?
2
Capacity
gap
analysis
3
What do they need to
take action?
Step 3: Capacity Gap Analysis
Duty Bearers capacity elements:
Can?
- Knowledge
- Resources (human, technical
and financial)
- Organizational abilities
Want?
- Responsibility/motivation
/leadership
Should?
- Authority
Rights-holders capacity elements:
Can?
- Knowledge
- resources
- individual abilities
Want?
- Security
- motivation
Enabling environment
- right to participate
- Information
- freedom of association and
expression
Group Work:
Capacity Gap Analysis
Based on the role analysis
1.
Go back to the right-holders claim and select the 2 to 3 most
critical corresponding duty-bearers obligations
2.
For each RH and DB, identify their key capacity gaps
The things that prevent duty bearers from performing their
roles and rights-holders from claiming their rights
3.
List the key capacity gaps identified
Example: Right to Education
Rights Holder:
Claim:
Capacity gaps:
Duty-bearer (1):
Obligations:
Capacity gaps:
Duty-bearer (2):
OBs.:
Capacity gaps:
Duty Bearer (3):
OBs.:
Capacity gaps:
Gallery
Your opportunity to “visit” other groups and give feedback
Organise your 3 steps on the wall
Choose one person to stay with your analysis to answer questions
– Causality Analysis: Is there a logical flow in the causality analysis and clarity of
problems, particularly at lower level of framework?
– Role Analysis: Are the claims and obligations intuitive and presented in plain language –
when you read an obligation can you imagine a corresponding action?
– Capacity Gaps: Is there sufficient attention to capacity gaps that address the lower
levels of the framework – related to critical gaps in legal, institutional and policy and
budgetary frameworks?
– Gender Dimension: How well does the analysis reflect the different ways that women
and men experience the development challenge? Will the capacities address the root
causes of gender inequality?
!! Remember to leave comments on post-it notes
What next?
Linking HRBA with RBM