Transcript Lead Acid vs lithium ion
Lead Acid vs. Lithium Ion
Shaun Mayea Ben Monson Tom Hamlik Simeon Brown
Lead Acid Batteries
Lead Acid Electrochemistry
Lead Acid
Standard vs. Deep Cycle Both car batteries and deep cycle batteries are lead-acid batteries that use exactly the same chemistry for their. • • • • Starting (sometimes called SLI, for starting, lighting, ignition) large current for a very short time. large number of thin plates maximize surface area. The plates are composed of a Lead "sponge " if deep cycled, sponge will quickly be consumed and fall to the bottom of the cells. generally fail after 30-150 cycles if deep cycled. • • • •
Deep cycle
steady current over a long period of time designed to be discharged down as much as 80% time after time, have much thicker plates. SOLID Lead plates - not sponge. less surface area, less "instant" power like starting batteries need. Although these an be cycled down to 20% charge.
Typical battery ratings:
CCA (Cold Cranking Amps) - The number of amps that the battery can produce at 32 degrees F (0 degrees C) for 30 seconds RC (Reserve Capacity) - The number of minutes that the battery can deliver 25 amps while keeping its voltage above 10.5 volts Typically, a deep cycle battery will have two or 3x the RC of a car battery, but will deliver 1/2 or 3/4 the CCAs. In addition, a deep cycle battery can withstand several hundred total discharge/recharge cycles, while a car battery is not designed to be totally discharged.
Lithium Ion Pack
Lithium Ion Electrochemistry
Types of Lithium Ion
Chemical Name Lithium Cobalt Oxide (Also lithium-ion-cobalt) Lithium Manganese Oxide (also Lithium-ion manganese) Lithium Iron Phosphate Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide Material Abbreviation Short form
LICoO 2 LIMn 2 O 4 LiFePO 4 LiNiMnCoO 2 LCO LMO LFP NMC
Notes
Li-cobalt LI-manganese Li-phosphate NMC High capacity; for cell phone laptop, camera Most safe; lower capacity than Li cobalt but high specific power and long life. Power tools, e-bikes, EV, medical, hobbyist.
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide Lithium Titanate
LiNiCoAlo 2 li 4 Ti 5 O 12 NCA LTO NCA Li-titanate Gaining importance in electric powertrain and grid storage
Lead Acid Charge Cycle
Charging
Lithium Ion Charge Cycle
Cycling Depth of Discharge
• The 2 tables compare the number of discharge/charge cycles a battery can deliver at various DoD levels before the battery is worn out. Assume end of life, when the battery capacity drops to 70 percent.
Deep Cycle SLA
Depth of Discharge Discharge Cycles 100% DoD 175 50% DoD 25% DoD 10% DoD 450 1250 2000
Lithium Ion
Depth of Discharge Discharge Cycles 100% DoD 50% DoD 25% DoD 10% DoD 500 1500 2500 4700
Cost
Voltage V Cost $
2V 4V 6V 8V 12V $10.00 15.00
$13.00 26.00
$8.00 215.00
$28.00
$13.00 470.00
Weight
Weight Lbs.
Voltage V Cost $ Weight Lbs.
.5-1 lbs 2-2.75 lbs 2-150 lbs 2 lbs 1.5-160 lbs Car > 20 lbs Racing 12.8V
Racing 16 V Car 12.8v
$420.00
$1,051.00
$525.00
Marine 12V Marine 12.8V
Marine 16V Marine 25.6V
$630.00
$936.00
$1,262.00
$1,995.00
1.95 lbs 4.44 lbs 4 lbs and 7in x 6in x 3in dimensions 4.14 lbs 4.44 lbs 6.12 lbs 20 lbs
Energy densities of common battery chemistries.
What could this mean for our Zap car
• • • • • Offers at least 4Xthe life of standard lead-acid batteries and 2X the driving range. The new Drop-in replacement battery system that fits in the same space as the OEM lead acid batteries used in many of ZAP’s vehicles ZAP estimates lead-acid batteries have 300-500 cycles of discharging and recharging, compared to 2,000 cycles for lithium. Customers should see improved acceleration and handling of their vehicles with the lighter-weight, higher-voltage batteries.