Transcript Sustainability Program for Community Housing Organisations

This project has been assisted by
the New South Wales Government
through its Energy Efficiency Training Program
Sustainability Program for Community
Housing Organisations
Compass Housing Services
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acknowledged.
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document are factual and free of error. However, the State of NSW and the Office of Environment and Heritage
shall not be liable for any damage which may occur in relation to any person taking action or not on the basis of
this document.
Office of Environment and Heritage, Department of Premier and Cabinet
Phone: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard)
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au
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Appliances and Lighting
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The importance of efficiency
Energy ratings
Water ratings
Using appliances efficiently
Lighting
Some appliances have improved…..
Some ‘appliances’ are perfect!
• Free to run solar dryer
• 100% reliable
• Takes a little planning and weather watching
Energy ratings
• Star rating indicates relative
efficiency.
• The number gives the actual
energy consumed per year
(average use)
• It is easy to calculate how much
an appliance will cost to run.
• Multiply the yearly kWh x cost/
kWh unit for annual cost.
• Daily cost= divide that by 365
Efficiency standards are improved
every few years, last done April
2010.
Energy efficiency comparisons
• Always the best place to start when considering
purchasing appliances.
• It is better not to be tempted by specials alone!
• Often a cheaper appliance is far more expensive to run in
the long term
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/
Activity-20 minutes
Dryers- A close look..
Things to consider
• Some units/ apartments don’t have a washing line
• Ensure all homes have access to one.
Compass check availability?
• Time issues, work, etc.?
• Physical issues?
Dryers- the types
• Standard dryer
• Approx 80 cents / load ! ( recent 2 star model)
peak metering
How much to run if using a smart meter at peak
time?
If vented inside - damp/ mould issues
• Ducted dryer same cost / load vented to outside
• Condenser dryer some use more water than a
washing machine (to run the condensing unit).
Some condenser dryers don’t, and also use less
electricity, but are substantially more expensive to
buy.
A condenser
dryer tank.
Dryers-attitude/ behaviour
• Attitudes- why we need a dryer vs. why we don’t…
Some people don’t realise how expensive they are
to run. ( perhaps too, the money could be spent on
other priorities )
• Some don’t appreciate the opportunity for a
stretch/exercise
• A few can’t physically manage
• First option- always dry on the line
• Partial air dry, then only finish off in the dryer
• Lint blockages cause increased energy usage and a
fire hazard.
Washing machines
General rules of thumb;
• Front loaders more energy
and water efficient
• Cold wash is generally
sufficient for the majority
of items
• Substantial energy savings
with cold wash
• A larger machine used less
frequently is generally
more efficient than a small
machine used frequently
• Go for machines with very
high spin speeds
Refrigerators
• Ticking away 24/7…
• A medium size efficient fridge-freezer can cost as little as
20c/ day
• Many old fridges cost around 60-70c/day
• Some homes have many fridges
• Many (more than 1 fridge) can be a liability, rather than
an asset
Attitudes.
• Shops can do cold storage far cheaper than homeowners
• It always used to be possible to have one fridge/ freezereven when families were bigger- and shops were not as
convenient.
Fridge buyback scheme
• In recognition of the enormous cost to householders and
the enormous combined GHG pollution
• State Govt. has arranged for old and inefficient fridges to
be collected.
• People getting rid of fridges will be paid $35
• Ring 1800 708 401
• Central coast and some parts of South Newcastle
Dishwashers
Quick, or eco setting saves substantial energy, and always
cleans everything ( in most cases)
A very efficient dishwasher uses 1 KWH per load on eco setting
Activity:
How much cost difference would there be if used at different
times on a smart meter?
Appliance replacement
……Early intervention.
• Energy prices rising rapidly,
• Best to go for higher efficiency, rather than be
tempted by ‘a bargain’
• Education is important before people need to
replace appliances.
Electric hot water systems
• Use an enormous amount of energy
• Generally between 25-30% of household energy consumption.
• Being phased out because of inefficiency beginning 07/2011
Electric HWSefficiency improvements
• Setting the element to 60
degrees Celsius.
This must be done by a
qualified/ licensed person to
avoid electric shock
• If tanks are in a dry location,
they may be covered with a
cylinder wrap.
• Pipes around the tank should
be insulated with a UV proof
insulation-if exposed to the
sun.
Gas hot water systems
• A relatively efficient form of water
heating
• Gas creates approx. 30% less CO2 than
coal fired electricity.
• 50 degrees it is most efficient setting.
• Best used with natural gas
• If using bottled gas, greater expense and
also CO2 associated with delivery.
Gas storage system
• All storage systems waste
energy from radiation
• Creates less CO2 than normal
electric systems ( not using
green power)
HWS Relative running costs – a rough guide.
Connecting Solar Hot water to
appliances
• To dishwasher- save approx 50% energy per load- ie
about 1 Kwh. (9-40c per load) ( 30-$145/year)
• To washing machine. Substantial savings if doing hot
washes, smaller if doing warm, no saving if doing cold
washes.
Important: Input temperature should be less than
50degrees. (this is standard on all recent installations of
all hot water system types.
Heating and Cooling
Fundamental• Minimise the energy wastage. This is because
heating is one of the major potential areas for
energy and cost savings-(Refer to Thermal
Performance)
Reverse-cycle air- conditioning.
(Also sometimes referred to as heat pumps)
• The most efficient and potentially the cheapest form
of heating.
• Potentially GHG free- if using sustainable energy
• Inverter style is the most efficient of RC/AC
• It is more difficult to cool than heat a space. Less
efficient and more expensive.
A ‘Split system’
Integrated system
Why are RC/AC so efficient?
• They use the heat in the exterior air and ‘pump’ it
to the inside. Works like a fridge, but in reverse.
• The Co-efficient of Performance COP is around 3:1
• This means that 3 times more heat energy is
delivered , than is consumed, to make that heat.
• This is why a RCAC is far cheaper to run than a
regular heater.
• Also this is why they produce less GHG
Things to watch with RC/AC
• It is so easy to use the switch, and then forget about the
cost
• Heat pumps often average around 2.6KW input, and
running costs are high, especially at peak rates.
• Some people find the noise irritating
• Discuss what techniques might be used for heating while
keeping costs low , if the house has a smart meter.
Regular electric heaters
Radiant
Convection and radiant
• Inefficient heating COP=1. (1 x unit in , 1 unit output)
• OK for small spaces or if needing radiant heat
• Cheap to buy, EXPENSIVE to run
Gas heating
• Reasonably economical- similar to RC/AC
• Not subject to TOU peak pricing in evening
• CO2 emissions less than coal fired electricity
Flued
• Dry heat
• Maintains good air quality
• Best option for health and
efficiency
• More expensive to install
than unflued
Unflued
• Combustion produces CO2
and water- best not to
have these inside.
• In humid climates- ie here,
mould can build up
• Associated with asthma
• Need to leave windows or
vents open, (partly
defeating energy
efficiency)
Gas heating- types
Exposed flue improves heat
delivery into house
Typical format of an unflued gas
heater, though to be sure, look
behind to see if flue comes out
the back or not. All flued Gas
heaters are stationary/ fixed.
Wood fires
• Carbon neutral and a
sustainable fuel source
• Only use modern low pollution
models
• Some areas have restrictions
due to smoke pollution.
(Smoke pollution generally due
to wet timber, or incorrect
combustion)
• Wood MUST be FULLY dry.
• Ensure wood is sourced from
licensed operators. It should
be from sustainable wood
supplies.
Wood pellet fires
• Very efficient
• Very low pollution
• Fuel is compressed dried
sawdust
• Low – medium cost to
run
• Some machines have a
noisy fan/ blower
• Sustainable and
renewable fuel made
from sawmill waste.
Electric underfloor heating
• Often located
under tiles
• Zonable
• Often very
expensive to
run
Hydronic underfloor
heating
• Warm feet
• Zonable
• Can be
sustainable
• Can be
relatively low
cost.
Cooling
After the fundamentals are attended to, as covered in
Thermal Performance,
• well positioned trees, and
• reflective insulation, and
• shaded windows,
Then keeping cool comes to the operation of windows,
breezes, and appliances
Cooling options
Breezes- free
credit: yourhome
-Requires
thoughtful
planning but
great rewards
Ceiling fans, or
pedestal fansabout 1 cent/ hour
Average modern
reverse cycle
A/C (2.6 Kw) -about
50 cents-$1.04/hour
Adaptation to conditions
Try to adapt to warmer air, i.e.
• less clothes,
• cool drinks
• swimming
• Breezes from fans or windows are often same temp,
but have cooling effect.
Reducing cost of air con.
• 1 degree= 10 % difference
• Partitions/ zones
TV’s- up to 10% of power bill…
• Even the most efficient LED TVs can use substantial power
because of size, and usage patterns
• Energy ratings normally taken at 10hrs / day
Other appliances
• Fish-tanks and Reptile habitats.
• Consider the expense of hobbies before committing.
• So many appliances to consider, but always consider
long term costs before commitment
Standby wastage increasing rapidly
(Shows average standby, some
houses are up to 10%)
Appliance energy use (countrywide)
Non appliances- Discussion
In real terms, there is no such thing as
an energy saving appliance…
Standby energy
Name the ones you can think of that are always on…
Standby adds up quickly!
Hidden ones
• RC/AC- standby some 50 watts continuously
• Television amplifiers 5W
• Modems 10 W
• Garage door openers. 4 W (each)
• Water beds
Common ones
Microwave ovens- 5-10 W
dvd , Blu-ray, Set top boxes
Playstation, etc.
Washing machines, Dryers, Dishwashers
Video players, Hi fi, Battery chargers
Computers, Laptops, Printers
Portable phones- up to 5/ household
Scanners, Mini dvd players, MP3 players
Always on, rarely needed….
Solutions to standby wastage…?
• Turn off at powerpoint- best solution
• Avoid buying appliances, esp inefficient ones
• Get a standby power saver master / slave set of
powerpoints
Efficient appliances are one thing…
Just as important is how they are used…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qD9MUhAl
Rbg
Break