National Workshop on NLBI

New Delhi 12 December 2012

Jagdish Kishwan Chief Advisor, Policy Wildlife Trust of India

Member, Government of India, Planning Commission Expert Group on Low Carbon Strategy for Inclusive Growth Government Nominee as Expert Reviewer for WG3 of AR5 of IPCC Former Additional Director General (Wildlife), Government of India Former Director General, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education Former Member, Government of India Core Negotiating Group for UNFCCC

Role of Forests in Climate Change

•

Mitigation

•

Adaptation

• • • •

Role of Forests in Climate Change

Adaptation

Food supplement Wind break against storms Reducing severity of floods Regulating water supply UNFCCC not considering adaptation aspect of forests Forests to be impacted by climate change

Role of Forests in Climate Change

Mitigation

• –

How to reduce emissions

directly

–

indirectly

IPCC 4 th Assessment Report Share of different sectors in total anthropogenic GHG emissions in 2004 in terms of CO 2 equivalent

•

Energy Supply 25.9%

•

Industry 19.4%

•

Forestry

•

Agriculture

•

Residential and Commercial building

•

Waste and Wastewater 17.4% 13.5% 7.9% 2.8%

How to reduce emissions?

How to reduce emissions in Forestry Sector?

•

Reduce emissions (save carbon)

–

Reducing deforestation and degradation rates (Exmp: REDD )

•

Identify drivers- agriculture, fuelwood/timber extraction, grazing

•

Increase removals (add carbon)

–

Conservation, sustainable management of forests, increase in forest cover/A&R (Exmp: CDM A/R, REDD+ )

–

Wood products management

• •

Replacement of cement concrete with lumber in house construction Replacement of metal furniture with wooden furniture

•

COP Decisions REDD+

–

Cancun (COP 16) 5 REDD+ activities defined

–

RELs/RLs agreed as benchmarks

–

3 progressives phases of implementation- preparatory, demonstration, results-based actions

–

Safeguards for rights of IPs/LCs and against conversion of natural forests

–

No agreement on financing options

COP Decisions REDD+

• –

Durban (COP 17) Safeguards for rights of IPs/LCs and natural forests agreed

–

Agreement on construction of RELs/RLs

–

National Forest Monitoring Systems and MRV to be discussed and agreed by COP 18

–

Agreement to work on financial options including public, private, market, non market, fund-based mechanisms

COP Decisions REDD+

• –

Doha (COP 18) SBSTA

»

Seeks submissions by 25 March 2013 on following for decision in COP 19 Technical assessment of forest REL/RL original or updated

»

Issues related to co-benefits resulting from REDD+ implementation

»

National forest monitoring systems and MRV for multiple functions of forests supported by non-market mechanism

•

COP Decisions REDD+

–

Doha (COP 18) SBSTA ……contd

»

To resume in next SBSTA discussions on following for decision in COP 19 Timing and frequency of submission of information under SIS

»

Further guidance to ensure transparency, consistency, comprehensiveness and effectiveness of summary of information on how safeguards addressed and respected

»

Issues relating to drivers of deforestation and forest degradation

COP Decisions REDD+

• –

Doha (COP 18) LCA COP President to appoint 2 cochairs to initiate work programme on results-based finance in 2013 through 2 workshops

–

Cochairs to report on workshops to COP 19

– »

Seeks submissions by 25 March 2013 on following for consideration in COP 19 Technical and financial support for REDD+ implementation

»

Joint session of SBSTA and SBI to recommend body/board/committee for administering REDD+

REDD+ Implementation Overriding Principles, India

  

Participation and rights of local communities most important All ecosystem services equally important Carbon service one such ecosystem service

REDD+ Implementation Challenges, India



Policy



Institutional



Technical

   

REDD+ Implementation Challenges, India Policy Safeguarding rights of local communities Clarify role of private sector



Responsibility sharing Centre + States + Community



Benefit sharing Government and Community

  

REDD+ Implementation Challenges, India Institutional Whose responsibility at national and state level?

How to ensure coordination between national and state level?

Accounting agency?

  

REDD+ Implementation Challenges, India Technical Fixing of reference level for REDD+ accounting



Modalities of REDD+ accounting Guidelines



Modalities



Rules



Procedures Capacity building

       

Strategy for REDD+ Implementation India Policy Safeguard legal and traditional rights of local communities (examples JFM, CFM, FRA) Role of private sector limited to private lands No specific changes in FM for REDD+ REDD+ incentives- bonus in addition to traditional goods and services to local community from forests Centre to provide guidance for REDD+ implementation, disbursement of incentives States to organize estimation of forest carbon stocks Participation of local community forest C stocks in assessment and monitoring of Policy statement endorsing 100% share of REDD+ from government forests to local community and no involvement of private companies

   

Strategy for REDD+ Implementation- India Institutional REDD+ Cell in MoEF REDD+ NCA- National Coordination Authority REDD+ SNA- State Nodal Authority FSI to handle responsibility of preparation of national forest carbon stocks accounts

  

Strategy for REDD+ Implementation- India Technical



Consortium of technical organizations (FSI, ICFRE, IISc, IIRS, TERI, IIFM) to propose RL



Modalities of REDD+ accounting keeping due note of UNFCCC decisions and guidance Vetting of RL and modalities by SFDs, civil society and Central Government A nationwide campaign through assistance of civil society needed for capacity building of forest field staff, local communities

Strategy for REDD+ Implementation- India Steps initiated to prepare a national document in the Ministry of Environment and Forests outlining strategy for implementation of REDD+ in India Will clarify roles and responsibilities of organizations of government and others as also a step by step approach for achieving different milestones necessary for REDD+ implementation

NLBI: Forests & Climate Change

• –

No specific reporting requirement for contribution of forests in

»

Mitigation Size and yearly enhancement of present sink

»

Capability to supply biomass to replace fossil fuels, metal use in housing/furniture

NLBI: Forests & Climate Change

• –

No specific reporting requirement for contribution of forests in

»

Adaptation Supplementing food security

»

Capability to mitigate wind storms, floods

»

Supply of house construction material

NLBI: Forests & Climate Change

• –

No specific reporting requirement for impact of climate change on forests Vegetation change

–

Vegetation shift

–

Migration of animal species including insects

–

Vulnerability to increased fire incidences, insect attacks, pathogen infestation