Transcript INDU-FARM (EPZ) LTD

THRIPS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN FRENCH BEAN
PRODUCTION AND EFFICACY OF INTEGRATED PESTICIDE
APPLICATION REGIEMES IN EMBU EAST
Benard Ouma Ogala-University of Nairobi
Supervisors
Dr. James Muthomi -University of Nairobi
Prof. John Nderitu-Mount Kenya University
Dr.Faith Torotich -University of Nairobi
1.Introduction
1.Inputs-Not affordable
2.EU regulation-Barriers to trade
MRL-10% sample per consignment
150000-200000 Ksh per shipment
3. Private standards e.g. Global GAP: Smallholder farmers have problems in meeting
the costs
2. Objectives
Broad
To develop an integrated thrips management regime suitable for small scale growers.
Specific
• To determine pest management strategies used by small scale French bean farmers
in Embu
• To evaluate the efficacy of integrating biological, synthetic and botanical pesticides
in management of thrips.
3. Determination of current pest control practices
3.1Sampling procedure
 Sample size-70 farmers
 Multistage sampling technique
 Farmers randomly selected from the list of French bean farmers
 Structured questionnaire
3.2Data collected
• Challenges to French beans production
• Farmers knowledge of pests and their management practices.
• French bean varieties grown, harvesting and post harvest
• Marketing channels and certification status of farmers
3.3: Results
Figure 3.1: Constraints to French beans production
70
60
Percent farmers
50
40
Mwea east 1
30
Embu east 1
20
10
0
Marketing
Pest and diseases
Constraint
Inputs/capital
Drought or water
Figure 3.2:Important pest as perceived by
farmers
Important pest
60
Percent farmers
50
40
30
Mwea East.
20
Embu East.
10
0
Pest
Important disease
60
50
Percent farmers
40
30
Mwea East
Embu east.
20
10
0
Rust
Blights
Wilting
Disease
No idea
Nematodes
Figure 3.3:Methods of control
120
100
percent farmers
80
60
Mwea east
Embu east.
40
20
0
Chemical sprays
Others
Method of control
Table 3.1:Record keeping and storage of pesticides
Percent farmers
Record keping
Mwea east
Embu east
Production
47.4
Spray
Percent farmers
Mwea east
Embu east
18.8
Storage of
pesticides
House
29
21.8
28.9
21.9
Separate store
65.8
50
Sales
60.5
40.6
Central store
2.6
21.8
PHI
21.1
34.4
Left in the field
2.6
6.4
Table 3.2:Marketing, marketing channels and certification status of farmers in Embu East district
Activity
Measure
Mwea east
Embu east
Marketing chanel
Brokers
63.2
28.1
Exporters/processors
36.8
71.9
Sold at home
60.5
6.3
Exporters
13.2
3.1
Central collection point
18.4
90.6
Transported to brokers
7.9
0
1
18.4
25
2
10.5
17.9
3 and more
10.6
57.1
Implementation of market
standards
Type of standard
Yes
23.7
9.4
Global GAP
23.7
9.4
Plans for certification
Yes
15.8
3.1
Certified
0
3.1
Point of sale
Distance to collection
point(Kilometers)
4. Effects of integrating biological, synthetic and botanical pesticides on pod
quality and yield of French beans
4.1Design-RCBD, 4 replicates
4.2 Treatments
 chemical plus biological pesticides - at 50% flowerinng, 8 days later, 16 days
 chemical plus botanical pesticides - at 50% flowerinng, 8 days later, 16 days
 conventional pesticide - at 50% flowerinng, 8 days later, 16 days
 botanical plus biological - at 50% flowerinng, 8 days later, 16 days
 Biological pesticide - at 50% flowerinng, 8 days later, 16 days
 Control plots - no pesticide application.
4.3 Data collected
 Growth parameters
 Thrips population
 Pod quality
 Pod yield
4.4 Results
Table 4.1:Effects of pesticide spray regiemes on thrips population- F.spp
F.Occidentalis
F.schulzei
Season 1
Season 2
Season 1
Season 2
Treatment
MEAN
MEAN
MEAN
MEAN
Chemical+Biological
5.4b
1.6ab
9.1ab
1.3ab
Chemical+Botanical
4.6b
1.5ab
10.8bc
1.5b
Conventional
2.8a
1.1a
6.31a
0.9a
Botanical+Biological
7.7c
2.0b
14.2cd
2.1c
Biological
7.7c
2.0B
15.5bc
2.3c
Control
8.2c
3.3C
21.8e
2.9d
1.8
4.3
1.6
51.6
18.6
62.5
LSD
Cv%
5.1
14.2
Table 4.2:Effects of pesticide spray regiemes on thrips population-Megalulothrips and larvae
Megalulothrips
larvae
Season 1
Season 2
Season 1
Season 2
Treatment
MEAN
MEAN
MEAN
MEAN
Chemical+Biological
4.4a
1.7a
4.0a
1.3a
Chemical+Botanical
4.6a
1.5a
3.2a
1.8ab
Conventional
3.7a
1.2a
3.7a
1.2a
Botanical+Biological
25.0b
2.3b
15.4b
2.6bc
Biological
23.9b
2.4b
13.4b
3.3c
Control
25.7b
3.1c
16.9b
5.0d
LSD
12.8
1.7
13.0
2.2
Cv%
38.2
61.4
31.1
61.2
Table 4.3:Effects of pesticide spray regiemes on pod quality of French beans
Marketable
Treatment
Chemical+Biological
Chemical+Botanical
Conventional
Botanical+Biological
Biological
Control
LSD
Cv%
Season 1
Season 2
MEAN
MEAN
7.6c
5.8c
7.1c
6.0c
8.4d
6.6d
6.4b
5.2b
6.1b
5.2b
4.7a
3.91a
1.6
1.6
16.8
20.6
Table 4.4:Effect of different pesticide spray regimes on yield of French
Season 1
Season 2
Fine
Extra fine Rejects
Fine
Extra fine Rejects
Treatment
MEAN
MEAN
MEAN
MEAN
Chemical+Bio
225.7c
MEAN
1020b
323.0ab
790.3b
393.8bc
1347d
269.5a
636ab
469.4cd
0
MEAN
1663.0c
285.2abc
1859cd
281.1.6ab
2066.0d
245.6a
1295.0b
353.0bc
logical
Chemical+Bot
174.8bc
0
anical
Conventional
199c
Botanical+Bio
180bc
0
0
logical
Biological
131.1ab
609a
514.2de
0
1129.0b
386.0c
Control
106.9a
541a
588.2e
0
774.0a
611.8d
LSD
178.6
481.1
177.8
0
825.0
302.9
Cv%
13.8
42.2
48.7
0
40.3
60.2
Plan to conclusion
FEB
Compile first 3 chapters
of thesis
Data interpretation write
results
Compile
and complete
thesis
Thesis submission
Graduation
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