Transcript Presentation on Large Tankers(VLCC) to STASCo

IAMU LNG Round Table
28 Feb. – 1 Mar. 2005
Busan, Korea
Safety in LNG Shipping & Terminals :
Class Viewpoints on the Critical Needs
for Qualified Human Resources
Sei-Chang Lee
Advisory Technical Director
Korean Register of Shipping
Contents
1. Introduction
2. LNG Carriers – Safety with KR
3. Containment System Approval
3.1 Concept Approval of the Cargo Containment System
3.2 Mock-up Test & Quality Assurance
4. Test & Inspection of LNGC
5. Concluding Remarks
1
1. Introduction
 Historical review





1959. 1 : The first LNG shipment :
“Methane Pioneer” – Louisiana, U.S.A
1975. 11 : IMO Resolution A.328(GC Code)/329(IX) (Existing ship)
1983. 6 : IMO MSC6(48) IGC Code
2004 : 175 LNGC + New buildings / 8,750 Crewmen + other personnel
Near future : Rapid growth of LNG industry needs more experts
Still to maintain our unparalleled safety record with NO human error
 Round Table discussions today :


Tieing together the important features of critical needs for LNG experts
The public concern for the safer management greater than ever
Requesting the shakeholders to not only pay attention to safety itself,
but also to make an action plan to produce competent human resources.
2
 Safety chain in LNG circles
Why we need to focus on the SAFETY of LNGC?
Owner/operator
Terminal
Ship’s crew
Administration
Ship builder
Class Society
Manufacturer
3
 Class Societies’ responsibilities :






Establishment/updating of own Rules and survey guidelines
IMO IGC Code/Res. A 328
To ensure an acceptable safety & functional reliability in design,
construction, repair, maintenance & operation of all merchant vessels
as well as LNGC
To approve the Builders’/Owners’ quality management system
(ISO/ISM Code)
To assess ships & port facility security plan (ISPS Code)
- Regulatory protection measures against any act of terrorism
after September 11, 2001
R & D projects - Formal safety assessment, risk-based management
4
2. LNG Carriers – Safety with KR
2.1 KR, founded in 1960, has been a Member of IACS since 1988 currently
classing about 2,090 vessels with an aggregated tonnage of 22.4 million G/T.
A major oil and shipping company has recently advised that VLCCs
classed by KR is now eligible for acceptance within its vetting system.
2.2 KR has worked as a member of evaluation team on behalf of KOGAS
(Korea Gas Corporation) at various projects to assess the capability of
shipyards and to review LNGC building specifications.
2.3 Presently, 18 LNG carriers are in KR class registry as shown in the
following table, and more new buildings are expected in the next few years.
(11 Membrane + 7 Moss types)
5
 LNG Carriers classed with KR (18 Vessels)
CNO.
Ship's Name
Owner
Manager
Shipyard
Tank
Type
Built
Year
Capacity
(m3)
Tank
No.
G/T
(Ton)
LBP x B x D x d
(m)
Hyundai MM
Hyundai H. I.
MOSS
1994
125,000
4
103,764
260.0 x 47.2 x 26.5 x 11.75
9443293
Hyundai Utopia
9443984
YK Sovereign
KOGAS/SK
Hyundai H. I.
MOSS
1994
125,000
4
103,764
260.0 x 47.2 x 26.5 x 11.75
9545002
Hanjin Pyeong
Taek
Albatros
Lease Co.
Hanjin H. I.
GT-96
1995
125,000
4
90,004
257.0 x 43.0 x 27.0 x 12.00
9646889
Hyundai Greenpia
Hyundai MM
Hyundai H. I.
MOSS
1996
125,000
4
103,764
260.0 x 47.2 x 26.5 x 11.75
9950398
Hyundai Technopia
Hyundai MM
Hyundai H. I.
MOSS
1999
135,000
4
113,998
274.0 x 48.2 x 26.5 x 12.00
9950315
Hanjin Muscat
Hanjin
Shipping
Hanjin H. I.
GT-96
1999
135,000
4
93,765
268.5 x 43.0 x 26.2 x 12.00
9950423
SK Summit
SK Shipping
Daewoo SME
GT-96
1999
135,000
4
95,378
266.0 x 43.4 x 26.0 x 12.00
0051226
SK Supreme
SK Shipping
Samsung H. I.
MARK Ⅲ
2000
135,000
4
92,866
266.0 x 42.6 x 26.0 x 12.00
0051265
Hyundai Cosmopia
Hyundai MM
Hyundai H. I.
MOSS
2000
135,000
4
113,998
274.0 x 48.2 x 26.5 x 12.00
0051217
K. Acacia
Korea Line
Daewoo SME
GT-96
2000
135,000
4
95,376
266.0 x 43.4 x 26.0 x 12.00
0051309
Hanjin Sur
Hanjin
Shipping
Hanjin H. I.
GT-96
2000
135,000
4
93,769
268.5 x 43.0 x 26.2 x 12.00
0051587
SK Splendor
SK Shipping
Samsung H. I.
MARK Ⅲ
2000
135,000
4
92,866
266.0 x 42.6 x 26.0 x 12.00
0051652
Hyundai Aquapia
Hyundai MM
Hyundai H. I.
MOSS
2000
135,000
4
113,998
274.0 x 48.2 x 26.5 x 12.00
0052124
Hanjin Ras Laffan
Hanjin
Shipping
Hanjin H. I.
GT-96
2000
135,000
4
93,769
268.5 x 43.0 x 26.2 x 12.00
0052036
K. Freesia
Korea Line
Daewoo SME
GT-96
2000
135,000
4
95,376
266.0 x 43.4 x 26.0 x 12.00
0052209
Hyundai Oceanpia
Hyundai MM
Hyundai H. I.
MOSS
2000
135,000
4
113,998
274.0 x 48.2 x 26.5 x 12.00
0052639
SK Stellar
SK Shipping
Samsung H. I.
MARK Ⅲ
2000
135,000
4
92,866
266.0 x 42.6 x 26.0 x 12.00
0355775
SK Sunrise
SK Shipping
Samsung H. I.
MARK Ⅲ
2003
135,000
4
92,866
266.0 x 42.6 x 26.0 x 12.00
6
2.4 R & D Projects
 Structural Analysis (Moss/Membrane type LNGC)
 Global structural analysis
 Cargo tank analysis
 Fatigue/crack propagation
- Fine mesh analysis
-Fatigue life assessment
-Crack propagation
analysis
-Leakage estimation
 Thermal stress analysis
 Sloshing analysis
7
 Cargo piping system & Thermal design of cargo containment

Program for cargo pipe stress on gas carrier (1993)
 Thermal design software for membrane type LNGC (1998)
- Temperature distribution around cargo tanks
 Heat balance program (1998)
 A study on cargo tank filling limit (1998)
 Ventilation flow characteristics in hood room (2001)
 Shockwave analysis of cargo piping system
 Thermal equilibrium & safety assessment of
Re-liquefaction system or Dual fuel engine
8
3. Containment System Approval
3.1 Concept Approval of the Cargo Containment System
 Overview
• The idea has not found its way into regulations.
• The designer of prospective Owners or Builders would demonstrate the
acceptability of their system to the Class or Administration.
• “Chicken & egg” problem :
The designer would not be able to obtain a contract without the approval,
and the class would not be able to start plan review
before a contract is signed.
 Concept Approval : Certificate issued to the designer
• Basic approval – system description, design criteria,
calculation to be performed
• Design approval – system description, design loads,
sloshing load assessment, stress/strength/fatigue assessment
• Mock-up tank building & testing
9
 Last process : Application to a first ship
• Drawing approval
• Building survey including survey after first LNG laden voyage
• Gas trials
• Final approval : After all specified calculations & tests are performed
 Int. Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases
in Bulk issued under IGC Code
 Letter of Compliance (LOC)
• Entry into a port of foreign flag vessels carrying bulk liquefied gases is
controlled by LOC.
10
3.2 Mock-up Test & Quality Assurance
 IGC Code 4.10.3
For membrane tanks, quality assurance measures, weld
procedure qualification, design details, materials, construction,
inspection & production testing of components, should be to
standards developed during the prototype testing programme.
 The Shipyard has to implement an approved quality
programme of the construction, testing and inspection of the
membrane tank including the inner hull.
 To build a Mock-up of a containment system as a part of a tank
prior to building of membrane type LNGC.
 Materials, Welding procedure specification, welders, Insulation
panel/tank, tightness
 Certificate of Fitness, Quality System approval
11
4. Test & Inspection of LNGC
 Cargo containment system : Cargo tank structure
- Panels, fittings, trihedron, membrane sheet, etc.
- Onboard : Inner hull construction, installation of insulation
materials, membrane erection, global tightness, etc.
 Cargo handling system
- Cargo pumping/piping
- Boil-off treatment system, valves, etc.
 Hull structure
 Hull outfitting
- Mooring equipment & miscellaneous items
12
 Statutory inspection & certification
- Life saving & fire fighting appliances
 Machinery
- Main turbine
- Dual fuel engine/electric propulsion system
- Diesel/turbine generator
- Dual fuel boiler
- Shaftings and propeller, rudder
- Aux. machinery
 Automation & electrical part
- Electric power generating plant, switch board
- Integrated automation system
 Painting & coating
13
5. Concluding Remarks
 Although LNG is one of the most hazardous cargoes, stringent
training for qualified crews and personnel coupled with rigorous
design, construction and operational requirements will continuously
maintain the unparalleled safety record:
-
Safety culture in LNG circles should be promoted.
-
Operators and engineers must be trained that codes & rules
represent only minimum requirements.
-
Specifications & quality management system should ensure that
the design, construction & operation are done in a safe manner.
-
Special training model course for LNG crews should be set up
by IAMU and proposed to IMO level.
(Int. Convention on Standards of Training, Certification
Watchkeeping for Seafarers)
14
 Safer design, construction and operation of LNGC requires
sufficient qualified human resources for minimum human error:
-
Hardware-oriented/technical standpoint of structures & equipment
-
Software system of ship operation & security perspective to manage
such bulk hazardous liquids
 Rapid expansion of LNG trade needs:
-
Thousands of skilled crew members, designers, manufacturers,
operators and related experts
-
Education/training for producing qualified LNG personnel
short term and long term projects with cost-benefit modules
with
15
 Time is ripe to establish LNG Training Centers Amongst them one in Asia :
-
The right venue & time to have an LNG training center in Asia.
-
Where/How to do : Busan, Korea is the hub of Asian ports and the
center of LNGC building, equipment manufacturing and LNG trade;
“Cost-effective/Proactive”
16
KR
IS YOUR BEST PARTNER
17