Transcript Introduction to International Relations

Introduction to International
Relations
Spring 2013
Department of Political Science
Prof. Hyun Seok YU
Historical Overview of International Relations
: From The Peace of Westphalia(1648) to G2 Era(2013)
•
-
Westphalian System: The Beginning of the Modern International
System(1648)
Sovereignty, International law, modern state
• Vienna System(Concert of Europe)(1815-1914)
-French Revolution, Napoleon War
- 5 great powers cooperate for European balance of power
- Maintaining status quo in Europe
- Use conferences for mediating conflicts => long peace
• World War I(1914-1919)
- the breakdown of balance of power
- Versailles Peace Treaty(Versailles System)
- Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
- League of Nations, Collective Security, International Society
- short peace (20 years of Crisis)
- The failure of idealism
Historical Overview of International Relations
: From The Peace of Westphalia(1648) to G2 Era(2013)
•
-
WW II(1939-1945) and the Beginning of the Cold War
Hegemony Transition: the U.S. rise, Britain fall
United Nations: reflecting the reality
The Conflict between two superpowers: the U.S. and Soviet Union
Yalta System: The division of Germany and demilitarization of Japan
• Cold War(1947-1990)
- Bipolar System: Balance of Power
- Truman Doctrine/ Containment
- NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
- Ideology war
- Arms Race, Deterrence, Nuclear Peace
•
-
Post Cold War(1990- ?)
The fall of Soviet Union
The end of history?
Is Post-Cold War era more peaceful?: Clash of Civilization?
The change of bipolar system
Historical Overview of International Relations
: From The Peace of Westphalia(1648) to G2 Era(2013)
• International Relations in East Asia in 19th century
-Europe: Concert of Europe, outside Europe: Imperialism, Imperial order
-Since the mid-19th century European Imperialism invaded Asia:
India(Britain), Ottoman Empire fell, China was opened by Imperial Europe.
•
-
Sino-centrism and Chinese World Order
Modern international order based on sovereignty and international law
replaced Chinese World Order based on tribute(조공) 과 investiture(책봉)
Hierarchical and tributary system
Relationship based on respect and patronage, not by contract
• The End of Sino-centrism and Chinese World Order
1842 Treaty of Nanking with Britain
1895 Japan defeated China(China-Japan War)
•
-
The rise of Japan as a regional hegemon
Meiji Restoration/ Rich nation, Strong army
Accept modern international order
Historical Overview of International Relations
: From The Peace of Westphalia(1648) to G2 Era(2013)
•
-
9.11 & the International system: New Era?(2001- )
The Erosion of the Westphalian System: The rise of non-state actors
New thinking of national security: New threat, enemy and war
•
-
G2 Era: Controversies
China as an economic power (no. 2 as of 2011)
Influences over global agenda: G20, Copenhagen Climate change conference, Iran
problem, North Korea problem
Increasing sphere of influences: Central Asia, Africa, Southeast Asia etc.
•
-
Who wants G2 era: China’s suspicion
Responsible stakeholder
Burden sharing and constraint by the global norm
•
-
Are two tigers getting along?
China: enemy or friend?, revisionist state vs. status quo state
Chimerica: growing interdependence
Containment vs. Engagement
Mutual interests prevail
Historical Overview of International Relations
: From The Peace of Westphalia(1648) to G2 Era(2013)
• U.S.-China Competition
1. Foreign Policy Change in Obama
Administration(2009): Return to Asia(Pivot to Asia,
Rebalancing)
- U.S. engages in Asia’s regional architectures:
accession to EAS(East Asian Summit)
- Tension over South China Sea(Hillary Clinton’s
speech: intention to play a role in the South China
Sea arguing that “it is in the U.S. national interest to
protect its and others’ access to, and security in,
international waters.”
- U.S. concerned the increasing influence of China in
East Asia in economic and strategic realm: FTA with
ASEAN, ODA, bilateral assistants to Cambodia,
Myanmar etc.)
Historical Overview of International Relations
: From The Peace of Westphalia(1648) to G2 Era(2013)
2. U.S’ Strategy for Pivot to Asia
- Bilateral: Indonesia, Vietnam/Cambodia,
Myanmar
- Multilateral: EAS, ARF(ADMM+)
- Military strategies: Pacific-centered Military
Strategies, focus on South China Sea
- Economic strategies: TPP vs. RCEP
3. China’s core interest
U.S.-China relations are the mixture of competition
and cooperation