Transcript Document

Smart Grid & Electric Vehicle
in Computer Scientist’s Perspective
by Minho Shin, Myongji University
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Minho Shin
Dept. of Computer Engineering, MJU
Joined MJU in March, 2011
Before: Dartmouth College, Samsung
Research Area
– Wireless Networks & Security
– Mobile Computing & Privacy
• Projects
– Vehicle to Vehicle Communication for ITS
– Smartphone Privacy
– Interoperability of SG & EV
• Human-centrilc Mobile Computing Lab (HMCL)
– http://hmcl.mju.ac.kr
Interoperability Project
• Build interoperability certification system
– Between EV and Charger
– Between EV and SG
• Grant: 2.5 billion / 3 yrs from MKE
• Participants: KTL, MJU (3p10s), PNE
• Activities
– Standard follow-ups
– Building EV-charging station testbed
Power Grid
Power Grid
• Power Grid
• One-way power flow
Power Grid
100
• Power Grid
• One-way power flow
• Use or discard
Energy
Waste
Power Grid
Energy
Waste
• Power Grid
• One-way power flow
• Use or discard
• Over-provision
Over-provision
Load forecasting model
Peak load
Supply = Peak load * 1.2
Wasted Energy
Rescue in 10 min
Emergency Supply
Unexpected peak demand
Supply
• Detection
• on
Over-provision
• Turn
peaker plants
• Expensive
• Inefficient
• Limited
Solution: match demand to supply
Supply
Solution: match demand to supply
Supply
Effect of Demand Shifting
• Benefits
– Save 67 billion Euros in Europe
– Save 130 billion dollars in US
– Reduce CO2 emission
• Massive investments on smart grid
– 11 billion investments by Obama
– US DoE target: 20% reduction of peak demand
How?
• Smart metering
– Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
• Realize real-time demand response
– lower peak load
Smart
meter
Demand information
EMS
Demand control message
Go Green
• Renewable Energy Sources
– Wind turbine
– Solar panel
• By 2030, US target: 20%
• But…
– Renewable energy is intermittent
– Highly distributed
• We need
– Intelligent power management strategy
– Smart control system
Smart Grid = Power Grid + AMI + Renewables + …
Why Electric Vehicle?
• Electric Vehicle
– Car run by electricity (or with gasoline)
• Benefit
– Reduction of CO2 emission
• 15% of CO2 by transportation
– Driver’s Cost
– Reduce dependence on oil
Smart Grid = Grid + AMI + Renewable + EV
System
Operator
HAN
EV Charing Problem
• Can we feed EVs?
– Increase peak demand
EV-charging
EV Charging Problem
• Can we feed EVs?
– Increase peak demand
• Solution
– Smart Charging Schedule
– Time-varying price
• That’s it??
EV-charging
Active role of EV in Smart Grid
• EV
– Power stored in battery
– Available (parked) 90% of time
– Aggregated, highly reliable power resource
• Use the stored power for Grid
– help balance power production/consumption
– Real-time regulation service
– Make money
charge
discharge
Grid
V2G market projection by 2020
V2G revenues
• Peak power
• Spinning reserves
• Regulation services
Smart Grid and Computer Science
• Smart Grid is a cyber-physical system
Sense
Actuate
Process
&
Decision
Smart Grid & Computer Science
• CS problems
– Real-time data processing
– Communication & Networking
– Fault-tolerant system architecture
– Interoperability
– Security & Privacy
– Programming model
– Visualization
– etc…
Smart Grid & Computer Science
• CS problems
– Real-time data processing
– Communication & Networking
– Fault-tolerant system architecture
– Interoperability
– Security & Privacy
– Programming model
– Visualization
– etc…
Smart Metering Communications
Home Area Network
Neighborhood Mesh Network
Home Area Network
• Integrate smart meter into home gateway
• 20-30 home appliances are connected wirelessly,
communicate with smart-meter
• Collectively perform energy consumption monitoring
application
Neighborhood Network Routing
Data aggregation
via Multiple Gateways
Multi-channel
Wireless Mesh Network
Interoperability
• SG = interconnection of different power generators,
distribution networks, and consumers
• Connect them regardless of physical medium,
manufacturer, device types
• Likely that multiple comm. technologies coexist
– Devices: Bluetooth, UWB
– Home/local: Zigbee, WiFi
– Meter-Utility: 3G/4G
• Standardization effort for interoperability
Security
• Stuxnet worm: targets only Siemens SCADA
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)
system
• Attacker can control demand response
mechanism
– interrupt power supply to a large area
– control the operation of home devices
• Authentication, Key exchange, Integrity,
Confidentiality, Non-repudiation, …
Privacy
• NIST: “major benefit of S.G. is also its Achilles’
heel from a privacy view point”
• Frequent and accurate metering data
collection poses privacy threat to consumers
– Identify living pattern, real-time activity
information, product preference, behavior
• Demand profiling can reveal what appliances
are being used at the moment
Demand Profiling
Possible solutions
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Anonymization
Aggregation
Homomorphism
Obfuscation
Negotiation
Energy management
Conclusion
• Smart Grid & Electric Vehicle is a major drive
for future energy paradigm
• Interdisciplinary research area
• Interoperability is a major challenge
• New research/engineering topics
• and more
jobs…
QUESTIONS?