Transcript Basic Modeling for Smart Microgrid System based on

Smart Microgrid Technology
2010. 4. 8
Dr. Hak-Man Kim
University of Incheon
[email protected]
Power Grid
 An energy network related to generation, transmission, and distribution of
electric power
Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI
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Configuration of Distribution System
with MG
Medium/High level Power
System
Load
Load
.
.
.
Load
Distribution system,
Owned and operated by a
power utility
Owned and operated by
private owners
Microgrid 1
Microgrid N
Load
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Paradigm Shift in Power Grid
 Climatic Change Convention
- Distributed Generation
- Microgrid
 Energy Market
 Power IT
- Smart Grid based on ICT
- Cyber Security in Power Grid
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Smart Microgrid in Paradigm Shift
of Power Grid
Climatic
Change
Convention
Energy
Market
Power IT
Smart Microgrid
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Microgrid (MG)
 Small power grid composed of distributed generators, storage devices, and loads
Power Grid Control Center
Power Grid
MGOCC
Wind Power
Solar House
Micro-turbine
House
Battery
Power Line
Communication Link
Fuel Cell
Office Building
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Benefits of MG
 The use of micro-generation based on combined heat and power (CHP) or
small-scale renewable generation
 reducing dependency on fossil fuels
 reducing environmental pollution
 During disturbances on the main network, Microgrids disconnect and
continue to operate automatically
 improving reliability and power quality to the consumer
 Potentially, the expansion and operation costs of traditional power system can
be reduced
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Research of MG
 Recently, the development, research and demonstration program for the
Microgrid are progressing in many countries.
- Example: Japan
NEDO: The New Energy and
Industrial Technology
Development Organization
 It is anticipated that Microgrid will leap into a commerce stage in the near
future.
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Example: Sendai Project(1)
 Summary
- NEDO’s Sendai Project
- include PV micro-generation, gas engines, a molten carbon fuel cell, as well
as series and shunt power compensation devices(Dynamic Voltage Restorers,
DVRs)
- located in Tohoku Fukushi University
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Example: Sendai Project(2)
Located in Tohoku Fukushi University
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Example: Sendai Project(3)
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Operation Mode of MG
 Important requirement of MG operation
- to maintain a constant frequency such as 50 Hz or 60 Hz
* real power (P) : freq↑(Ps>PD), freq↓(Ps<PD)
 Grid-interconnected mode
- can trade power with the power grid for the shortage or surplus power in the
Microgrid
 Islanded mode
- an isolated Microgrid by fault occurrence in the interconnected power grid or
geographical isolation such as an island
- decrease in generation for supply excess load-shedding for supply shortage
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Smart MG
 An autonomous MG
 Necessity of Research
- economy of scale
- economic and efficient operation and management
- to protect privacy of small-scaled participants
 Function
- operation & control
- protection & maintenance
- management
- etc.
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Agent-based Smart MG
Power Grid Control Center
Power Grid
Agents
MGOCC
Wind Power
Solar House
Micro-turbine
House
Battery
Power Line
Communication Link
Fuel Cell
Office Building
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What is an Agent?
 An intelligent agent, which is simply called an agent, can perceive its environ
ment, make a decision against changes of the environment, and act to resolve
them autonomously according to its design purpose
State vectors
A1
Agents
A2
Environment
A3
A4
An
Active Agents
Action
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Existing Multiagent System for MG
 Dimeas and Hatziargyriou suggested a multiagent system based on an auction
algorithm for Microgrid operation in the Grid-interconnected mode
- competitive model based on auction market of power
 Kim and Kinoshita suggested a cooperative multiagent system for Microgrid
operation for the Grid-interconnected mode & Islanded mode
- cooperative model based on the modified CNP
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MG Operation
- Procedure  In general, power Grids are operated by a plan for the next interval
interval i-1
Plan:
interval i
interval i+1
………
………
Implementation:
 We assumed that MG operation will be operated by a plan for next interval
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MG Operation
- Grid-interconnected Mode  Core of Microgrid operation
: to maintain the frequency of Microgrid system in allowable ranges
 Relationship between frequency and power
if (Psupply > Pdemand) than freq↑, if (Psupply < Pdemand) than freq↓
 balance is very important
 Frequency Maintenance in Microgrid
if (Psupply > Pdemand) than sell power to power grid or charge to storage
if (Psupply < Pdemand) than buy power from power grid or discharge from storage
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MG Operation
- Islanded Mode Start
Receiving the information of power supply
and demand from participants
Supply surplus
Checking balance between
supply and demand
Supply shortage
Equilibrium
Decreasing generation
No action
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Load-shedding
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Design of MAS for MG
 Multiagent System for MG
Ag = {AgMGOCC, AGL, AGDG, AGS, AgPG}
 For communication among agents: a modified version of the Knowledge Query
and Manipulation Language (KQML) is employed
- Massage form
(<performative> :from <agent name> :to <agent name> :content <OAV type data>)
 For knowledge sharing among agents, the following template format is used:
(template name :ID identifier OAV type data list)
 State transition function (T)
( s' , a)  T ( s, e)
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Contract Net Protocol (CNP)
Step 1
Step 2
manager
bidder
announce a task
manager
bidder
bid
Step 3
manager
contractor
award
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Implementation
 DASH multiagent platform as a development tool of agent systems
 IDEA as a design environment of DASH agents
 Java language for user defined functions
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Experiments
 Grid-interconnected mode
 Islanded mode
L1
Power grid
MGOCC
L2
Microgrid
DG1
DG2
Participant of IMG
Power line
DG1
DG2
DG3
MGOCC
S1
Ag in IMG
Communication links
L1
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Results of Experiments
 Grid-interconnected mode
 Islanded mode
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Future Work
 Improve intelligence of Agents
- Game theory, Fuzzy, Neural Network, etc
 Other Functions
- control
- protection
- maintenance
- management
- efficient communication links & security
- etc.
 Test bed
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References
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H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " A Multiagent System for Microgrid Operation in the
Grid-interconnected Mode”, accepted, Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology
H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " A Multiagent System for Islanded Microgrid Operation”,
submitted, IEICE Trans. on Communications
H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " A Microgrid Operation based on a Power Market
Environment,” Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Engineers,
Vol. 23, No. 11, pp.61-68, Nov. 2009.
H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " Multiagent System for Microgrid Operation based on a
Power Market Environment,” INTELEC 2009, Songdo, Korea, Oct. 2009.
R.H. Lasseter, "Microgrids", IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001,
vol. 1, pp. 146-149
N. Hatziargyriou, H. Asano, H. R. Iravani, and C. Marnay, “Microgrids”, IEEE Power and
Energy Magazine, Vol. 5, Issue 4, pp. 78-94, July-Aug. 2007
A.L. Dimeas, and N.O. Hatziargyriou, “Operation of a Multiagent System for Microgrid
Control”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp. 1447 –1455 Aug. 2005
Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI
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Thanks for your kind attention!
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