Transcript Document
CHAPTER 14 The High Middle Ages Section 1: The Crusades Section 2: The Revival of Trade Section 3: The Growth of Towns Section 4: Life and Culture in the Middle Ages Section 5: Wars and the Growth of Nations Section 6: Challenges to Church Power SECTION 1 The Crusades Question: What causes and effects led to the First Crusade? SECTION 1 The Crusades Turks gain control of Palestine and threaten Constantinople. The emperor asks the pope for help. Some 10,000 Europeans take up the cause. Pope Urban asks European lords to free the Holy Lands from the Turks. SECTION 2 The Revival of Trade Question: What were some reasons for the revival of trade in Europe? SECTION 2 The Revival of Trade Italian ships brought goods back from Asia. The Crusades stimulated trade. Viking ships brought Asian goods to northern Europe. Revival of Trade Flanders became a meeting center of different trade routes. The Hanseatic League set up trading posts. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied The Growth of Towns Territories Question: What factors contributed to the decline of serfdom? SECTION 3 The Growth of Towns The Decline of Serfdom Serfs could leave for towns. Serfs could earn money by selling crops to townspeople. Changing agricultural methods pushed them off the land. The Black Death killed many people in Europe so the demand for workers increased. SECTION 4 Life and Culture in the Middle Ages Question: What are some types of literature that were common in the Middle Ages? SECTION 4 Life and Culture in the Middle Ages Vernacular Literature in the Middle Ages Kind of Literature Characteristics Example troubadour songs poems about love and chivalry love songs romances fictional stories, sometimes of heroes King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table fabliaux short comic stories written in rhymed verse “Reynard the Fox” national epic long poem about a hero The Song of Roland miracle, morality, and mystery plays short dramas with religious or Biblical themes “Noah’s Flood” SECTION 5 Wars and the Growth of Nations Question: What events led to the rise of the Habsburgs? SECTION 5 Wars and the Growth of Nations A Habsburg was elected emperor in 1273. Through marriage the Habsburg family gained control of Austria and nearby lands. The Habsburgs used their position to arrange marriages with powerful families. More well-planned marriages gave the Habsburgs control of much of the empire’s territory. The Habsburgs became the most powerful family in Europe. SECTION 6 Challenges to Church Power Question: In what ways were John Wycliffe and Jan Hus alike and different? SECTION 6 Challenges to Church Power John Wycliff Jan Hus royal court teacher defended him promoted attacked English church accused of Bible abuses heresy banned, not executed angered clergy burned at the stake CHAPTER 14 Chapter Wrap-Up 1. How did the Crusades promote an exchange of ideas and goods? 2. How did the growth of trade and towns bring changes to the feudal and manorial systems? 3. What groups lost power as Europe’s kings established strong nations?