The Process of Socialization
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Transcript The Process of Socialization
Giddens (2006) Socialisation is the process
through which culture is passed from
generation to generation.
Nature/Nurture debate - Feral Children
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljVd6XS-J0s
What does this tell us about the nature/nurture
argument?
Agents of socialization These are the people or groups that play a part in our
socialization. Sometimes they play an important part
without us realising it.
Agents of socialisation
Primary
Secondary
Family
Education
Media
Peer group
Religion
Workplace
Primary socialization The early years of life are important in the learning
process. This is the stage of primary socialization
when we are normally in intimate and prolonged
contact with our parents.
We learn : Rules of general behaviour – Norms and values e.g
queuing for a bus
Norms and values associated with gender,
ethnicity, social class.
Our parent’s are our “significant others”. They have a
great influence on us and we care about their
judgements of us. They play a key part in teaching us
basic norms and values.
Family and Parents
The majority of children still grow up in a family
headed by both natural parents.
Over the last 30 years there has been an increase in the
number of lone-parent and step-famliies.
Family life has therefore become more DIVERSE.
Whatever the particular family set-up, parental figures
remain the main agents of primary socialization.
A sense of security during the earliest years has been
identified as being crucial to developing a stable
personality later on.
Learning
from
parents One way children learn from their
parents is through IMITATION. They
may copy the way their parents’ talk
or their table-manners for example.
By a process of trial and error and with the application
of formal and informal sanctions (social control)
children learn what is unacceptable and unacceptable.
As children get older they use their parents as role-
models.
The experience of growing up ina family also varies
according to its social and cultural values.
A Muslim family may ensure that religion plays a
strong part in a child’s upbringing.
Gender Roles
Read pg 7 in booklets
Think of ways that the family and parents teach us
how to be feminine and masculine.
5 minutes in pairs
Activity
Complete questions on page 7 of your booklets.
Discuss
Secondary socialisation
Education
From the age of 5 in the Uk the family continues to be
important for socialisation but Education also plays a
big role. We are taught in two ways: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUkhd9YZH98&fe
ature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quzGekDaP88&fea
ture=related
Activity
Use page 10 of the textbook to make your own notes on
the following: Formal Curriculum
Formal Social Control in schools
Informal (hidden) Curriculum
Informal Social Control in schools.
Plenary questions
How do you think Functionalists might view the
‘hidden curriculum’?
How do you think Marxists might view the use of
the ‘hidden curriculum’
How do you think Feminists might view the
‘hidden curriculum’
Give an example of a formal sanction used by a
school
Give an example of informal sanction used by peer
groups.
Recap
• The two kinds of social control
• Agent of primary socialisation
• Two agents of secondary socialisation
• One way that parents ensure appropriate gender
behaviour is learned.
• Phrase used to describe the teaching of social skills
in school.
• Name for teaching of knowledge like maths and
English
Objectives
To be able to describe ways that the media influences
socialisation
To answer and peer assess a real exam question.
The Mass Media
The media has an impact on the development of
gender roles, ethnic identity and social class identities.
Media includes?
How does it happen?
What were the three ways that children learn norms
and values and ways of behaving from their parents?
???
Can these be applied to the media?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsy3BblcjCA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypIbTpnuNgg&fea
ture=related
Research into influence of media
McRobbie – 1970s found that girls magazines tended
to encourage romance and ‘keeping a man’ often
through domesticity.
Currie (1999) found dramatic increase in emphasis
on beautification. Concept of ‘slimblondeness’
Rutherford 2000 onwards - Growth of male
magazines FHM, Loaded etc.and focus on body
image.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tp7IP1XB9WY&f
eature=player_embedded
Peer Assessed Activity
Using evidence from sociological
research and your own examples
explain how the media acts as an agent
of secondary socialisation. (10 Marks)
15 minutes
Peer Assess
3 marks - They have described HOW the media
influences socialisation through imitation, role
modelling and sanctions.
2 marks – They have included examples of the
above?
2 marks – They have included one piece of
research evidence.
2 marks – they have included a second piece of
research evidence.
1 marks – The explanation is clearly
communicated.
Plenary
Write an improvement target for your
partner and discuss it with them.
Religion
Religion can have a profound effect on socialisation.
Recent TV program about Amish teenagers!
The UK has been changing and becoming more
‘Secularised’
BSA (2006) found that in 1964 26% did not identify
with any religion. By 2006 this rose to 69%.
Peer Group
Some peer groups develop which are conforming
to norms e.g boys playing football on the field and
excluding girls.
Some form as an expression of rebellion against
the norm e.g Youth subcultures e.g emos,
Groups often form around issues of commonality
e.g ethnicity, gender, class.
Each group has norms and values and we are
encouraged to conform through peer group
pressure – rewards and sanctions
Describe the norms and values
Geeks
Boffs
Plastics
Emo kids
Lads
??????? Any others
What would you have to do to become a member of
their culture?
The workplace
Read the description of the study by Ward and
Winstanley (2005) on page 25 of the OCR book and
write a summary in your own words.
Functionalists
These are generally American thinkers.
They say that the purpose of socialisation is to
unite society in a set of shared norms and values.
This is a ‘consensus’ sociology.
Talcott Parsons said that all societies have
functional prerequisites which must be met and
shared culture provides for these needs.
Marxists
These people say that the purpose of socialisation
is to control the weak and defenceless and to give
them the ideas that the powerful promote.
People are taught an ideology
This is known as ‘conflict’ sociology.
Socialisation is conditioning which prepares the
masses for exploitation
Feminism and Socialisation
Oakley (1974) Socialisation perpetuates gender
inequality. Gender differences are due to culture not
biology.
Thorne (1993) School systems also reinforce gender
differences.
Socialisation is preparing us for differentiated gender
roles and to accept patriarchy.
Part b) 10 marks = 10 minutes
This will ask you about:Culture transmission
Agents of Socialisation (primary and secondary)
Processes involved in socialisation (formal and informal social
control) e.g
Using material from the item and your own knowledge,
describe and explain the ways in which any two agents of
socialisation can influence behaviour. [10]
AO1 - There should be 4 points made showing knowledge and
accurate and appropriate use of sociological terms should be
evident for full marks.
AO2 - At least 3 of those points will be explained with examples
or reference to the item.
Timed Essay Plan
P – What is Socialisation – (Giddens,2006) and distinguish
between primary and secondary
E – Give an example of both
A – Therefore Culture is transmitted via ongoing process of
socialisation.
E – Funtionalists argue this is a good thing for social solidarity
however what would Marxists say?
P – Describe one agent of socialisation + example, evaluation, and
analysis
P – Describe another agent + example, evaluation and analysis.
Include the HOW – Imitation, Role Modelling and Sanctions
Include gender roles and include two perspectives.
Activity
Turn to page 27 and complete the gap fill exercise on
socialisation.