Towards Wireless Overlay Network Architectures

Transcript Towards Wireless Overlay Network Architectures

Commercial Subpanel Kick-off Briefing

Randy Katz, Berkeley, Group Leader (Duane Adams, CMU) Troy Crites, Sparta Carl Kessler, IBM Rich O’Lear, Lockheed-Martin Sean Rice, Boeing George Spix, Microsoft (Bob Sproul, Sun Microsystems) Stephen Wolff, Cisco Systems Capt. David Gaines, USAF

Evolution of Enterprise Computing

Early 1990s Emerging Now-to-Five Years Out Beyond Five Years Out

Automated Enterprise – Enterprise Applications Real-Time, Integrated Enterprise Dynamic, Adaptive Enterprise – Real-time analysis and closed loop feedback Adaptable, Self-Organizing, Collaborative Supply Networks – Automated capabilities via collaborating agents (cogents)

Emerging Middleware Industry

Oracle RDMS System Integrators Packaged Applications Valued-Added Resellers Computer Technology IBM MQ Series Microsoft MSMQ Inprise Visi Broker Computer Platforms Iona Orbix

Emerging Middleware Industry

Application Management Application Integration Push Workflow Message Broker Transaction Monitor Object-Based Message-Based Middleware Reliable Multicast Tivoli Crossworld Backweb Vitria Neon, Mercator Tuxedo COM/DCOM, Corba, EJB IBM MQ Cisco

Middleware Functionality

• Transactions • Security • Management • Internet • Fault Management • Load Balancing • Connectivity • Multiple Clients • Interface Representation • Messaging • Publish/Subscribe • Java Execution

Elements of Middleware

• Web applications infrastructure – Infrastructure for enabling distributed web- and Internet related applications • Multi-agent systems – Infrastructure for enabling systems of cooperating independent agents • Distributed object/component systems – Infrastructure for enabling interactions among distributed objects and components (including three major approaches— DCOM, CORBA, and Java) • Message-oriented middleware (MOM) – Infrastructure for message passing among distributed computing elements • Distributed database applications infrastructure – Infrastructure for distributed database applications

Relevent Commercial Techologies

• Web Technologies – DHTML, XML, DOM, HTTP-NG • Agent Technology – Multiagent Systems • Collaborative Apps – Notes • Distributed App Building Blocks – RPC & Java RMI • Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) – IBM’s MQ series, Tibco’s “information bus,” Lotus Notes/Domino • Distributed Object /Component-based Systems – Microsoft’s COM, COM+, DCOM; OMG’s CORBA; and Java (Java Beans, Enterprise Java Beans, Javaspaces, Jini, etc.) • Distributed DB Technologies – XACT servers, ODBC & JDBC

Areas of Concentration

Architectural Framework

Tools HTML/Scripting Authoring Rapid Applications Development Component Creation Team Development UI/Navigation Basic Dyn html html Web Svr Forms Native Business Process Trans- Msg Script actions Que ing File Sys Integrated Storage Data- Mail base Other Store Stores Distributed OS Environment Management Directory Security Networking Base Services

Emerging Generic Middleware Architecture

Client Enterprise Legacy

Web Server User Interface Forms Business Logic XACT/DBMS Computer Storage Packaged Applications (SAP, Baan, PeopleSoft) Old Apps & Data Sets

Technology Provider Companies Visited

• BEA Systems: Corba based Applications Middleware + Message based transaction agent • Cisco Systems: Networking Equipment • Lotus: Collaboration Framework • Lucent: Networking Equipment • Microsoft: Enterprise Software Strategy • Novell Networks: Distributed Directory Services • Oracle: Distributed Database/Applications Development Frameworks • Sun Microsystems: Distributed Object Systems: EJB, Java, Jini • Template Software: Enterprise Application Integration • Tibco: Event-Driven Processing • Vitria: Application Integration Engines

Other Relevant Companies

• Ascent Technology, Inc. (www.ascent.com) – Resource planning/RT res. Alloc., situation assessment, res. mhmt problems, transportation & logistics; • Stratfor.com (www.stratfor.com) – Corporate intelligence services • Intelligent Systems

Technology, Inc.

(www.intelsystech.com) – Framework for enterprise process support, decision support, self-paced instruction.; knowledge-based approaches • Webmethods.com (www.webmethods.com) – XML/e-commerce • www.businessobjects.com

– Enterprise query, reporting, and analysis for the web • Tivoli Systems (www.tivoli.com) – “Easier for organizations worldwide to control all of their IT resource” – Enterprise applications: asset management, change management, database management, distributed monitoring, enterprise console

Other Relevant Companies

• Neon ( ( www.neon.com

) – Enterprise application integration for tying together packaged, legacy, client/server, web-based apps across different hardware platforms • CrossWorlds Software www.crossworlds.com

) – Middleware apps that integrate third party enterprise software products for customer service, sales force automation, HR, financial management • Backweb ( www.backweb.com

) – Communicate business-critical, time sensitive information through extended enterprise of customers, partners, employees • Mercator ( www.tsisoft.com

) – EAI software for enterprise applications--synchronizes business rules and document semantics(XML-based) among different applications; Process flow control, Application adapters, Data transformation, Messaging and transport services • Inprise ( • Iona ( www.inprise.com

) – Manage development, integration, deployment, and management of enterprise applications www.iona.com

) – Orbix: software infrastructure that integrates diverse applications (legacy, client-server, Web-based) across enterprise

Technology Consumer Companies

• Boeing – Use of OO technologies in commercial and military systems design – Strong commitment to open systems architecture for C3I • Mitre – Use of OO technologies in Air Force systems designs – Lessons learned

Distributed Systems

• Collaborative Applications • Multiagent Systems • Component-Based Distributed Systems • Message-Oriented Middleware • Enterprise Application Integration • Distributed Database Application Infrastructure • Network Directories • Network Services

Collaborative Applications: E.g., Lotus Notes

• Document-oriented, replicated, semi structured “database” – Asynchronous collaboration – Enhanced activity “awareness” • Personal Information Management, Calendaring and Scheduling, People Locator, Expertise Locator, Distance Learning (“Learning Space”) • Notes R5: improved performance, better database semantics (e.g., transaction logging) • Built on top of “intelligent routing of mail” – High/medium/low priority of messages – Mail probes/server-to-server to determine QoS

E.g., Lotus SameTime Server

• “Co-worker” – Awareness Services – Knowledge discovery + knowledge in action – Planning templates – Profiling: finding people with certain expertise; Infer from how he/she uses information sources • Applications: – Intercompany/agency communications – Connect with vendors – Presentations/project reviews – Knowledge networks/experts & communities – Project management – Internal training – Conference call support – Emerging strategy session

Multiagent Systems

• System of autonomous computations that cooperate or compete through message oriented communications • Individual agents attach to other objects to observe, react, control • Intelligence, ability to adapt, learn, move usually assumed • Decomposition of distributed apps into many, perhaps 1000's of, autonomous computations

Component-Based Systems

• Delivers object-to-object, component-to component, and application-to-application interoperability among distributed systems – Objects: software constructs with state, behavior, identity, and well-defined interfaces – Opaque units of independent production, acquisition, and deployment that interact to form a functioning system • DCE, Java RMI, COM, DCOM, CORBA, ORB’s, object transaction servers, Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) • E.g., BEA Systems (M3,WebLogic), Inprise (Visibroker), IBM (SOM object broker), Iona Technologies, Microsoft (DCOM), Sun (EJB)

Alternative Object Architectures

• Java – Network-oriented programming language for mobile code – JavaBeans: Component Model for finding/composing Java applets – Java RMI: Client/server via remote method invocation – JINI: Network “Plug and Play,” Service Discovery Service • COM/DCOM – Microsoft proprietary, not platform independent (Win/Win NT only) – Building blocks for all of the major desktop applications • CORBA – Common Object Request Broker Architecture – Interface Definition Language (IDL) + APIs – Internet InterORB Protocol (IIOP) for client-server computing in CORBA framework

Message-Oriented Middleware

• Delivers interoperability between applications and middleware based on message exchange • Includes message queuing engines (including push, multicast, event-driven processing, etc.) and application integration engines • Uses broadcast techniques; senders need no knowledge of receivers, and the receivers need no knowledge of senders • E.g., BEA Systems (MessageQ, Advanced Messaging System), IBM (MQ/MQ Integrator, Lotus Notes/Domino, Microsoft (Message Queue Server), Tibco (Information Bus)

Enterprise Application Integration

• Data in Consistent Form • Distributing data to multiple legacy systems • Follow basic “business rules” • Business process automation • Update and enhance the functionality of existing systems • Manage cross-application events and functionality

Event-Based Programming

Message structure • Transactional Messages • Perishable Messages • Selection Criteria • Timers • Push or pull • Peeking or browsing • Message formats based on XML Events • Unsolicited broadcasting/notification • Broadcasting • Anonymous publish/subscribe • Sophisticated filters and rules engines • XACT semantics are trickier • Underlying technology is evolving: reliable multicast, smart agents

Event-Enabled Enterprise

• Business Events: semantically rich Business Process: “Hire an employee” Business Goal: global control and visibility of business processes • Access Control Lists (ACL) for security • Business Metrics: info revealed to the cockpit – e.g., order status, orders by product, orders by customer, quote to ship, quote to bill, quote to cash time • Stovepipe applications today • Event-oriented message and connectivity/wrappers and connectors • Real-time analyzer/protocols and transformation

Distributed Database Application Infrastructure

• Delivers transaction management and inter operability between applications and data sources • Transaction servers (MTS and EJB), Object / Object-Relational, and Java-oriented Database Management Systems, Heterogeneous DB access • E.g., BEA Systems (Tuxedo), IBM (DB/2, Java and JDBC), Microsoft (Transaction Server, SQL Server, OLE DB specification), Oracle (8i)

Network Evolution

• VPNs as a business solution, not just for security • Kinds of Services: Connectivity, Security, Scalability, Reliability • Personalized Service Vision enabled by directory services • Network DNA: Distributed Network Architecture – Directory-enabled network – Policy-driven networking – Application-aware networking

Novell “Full Service Directories”

Location Dynamic Naming Availability

Reality

Membership Relationships Roles

Community

Contact Info Credentials Preferences

Identity

• Distributed Name Services • Centralized Indexed Search • Loose Consistency Replication • Fine-grained Discretionary Access Control • Extensible Schema

BEA End-to-End Architecture

Client Diversity JAVA App Server Business Logic: Process, Workflow, Rules IIOP Java Desktop Microsoft Desktop (COM) Web HTML Web Server EJB Apps BEA Weblogic App Server Servlets HTML Pages BEA Jolt JDBC BEA OTM BEA TP Network Resources Monitor Enterprise JAVA APIs Apps EJB Corba Apps Apps Apps Legacy Systems Databases Management & Security

Vitria’s Middleware Architecture

• Process Feedback • Process Analysis • Process Monitoring • Process Automation • Rules Processing • Data Transport – Reliable Messaging – Event Messaging – Publish/subscribe • Data Transform – Enterprise Integration • Data Extract • Analyzer • Automater • Communicator – Channels – Names/QoS (reliable, guaranteed, XACT, prioritized) – Secure Channels (ACL on channels) • Example Connectors – SAP R/3 – Oracle – Custom

TIBCO Middleware Architecture

Presentation (Event Console) Integration (Adapters, Content Broker) Connectivity (Connectors, Message Broker) Messaging (ObjectBus, ETX, Rendezvous) System Monitoring & Management (Hawk)

Tools

Java 2 Enterprise Edition

Application Programming Model EJBs JSPs Servlets Containers Transactions Messaging Mail Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition CORBA RMI Database Naming/Directory • Distributed Applications built from Beans • JSP: Java Server Pages (mixed HTML and Java code)

Windows “DNA” Vision (Digital Nervous System)

FS Storage+ SQL Server Xchg Replication MTS Common: Transactions Scheduling Queuing FS SQL Server Storage+ Xchg MTS COM+ IIS MSMQ Windows Client Methods & Events IIS COM+ MSMQ Windows Server

Oracle 8i Architecture

• Message brokering • Enterprise application integration • Security – LDAP secure directory – SSL encryption – Application specific security policies – Roles in security • Java in the DB • Queuing in the DB • Message broker with transformation • Business process coordination: new term for workflow • Business process modeling • Reliable Queue w/ pub/sub • Rules-based • Message-broker: scalable transformation engines • Async messaging critical for application integration • Typed/structured messages • AQ: persistent queue in the DB, available for business analyses • UML graphical editor for workflow specification • Message types defined by industries • Security

Lucent

• Committed to JAVA-enabled telecommunications services • Research issues in CORBA – ORB Reliability: replication, persistence, message logging – ORB Performance – Real Time ORBs – ORBs for telecomms – CORBA speculative evolution/improvement

Boeing--Lessons Learned

• Customer acceptance of standards not taken for granted • COTS – Integration/migration interoperability not always smooth – Scaleable to large systems?

– Risk if too leading edge--long term supplier commitment?

– Leverage widespread use of components to insure reliability • Govt & commercial standards/products not always in sync • Componentization/isolation has large processing/memory impact • Cost to keep up with rapid technology evolution

Mitre--Lessons Learned

• Average Developer – Difficulty with CORBA and RMI – Can apply design patterns – Can use VBand JAVA IDE (imperfectly) – Continuous training very important • TADIL-J/Position Object – Archeological Digs: few tools to support the reverse engineering problem – IDL++ human readible helps a lot – Reverse engineering » Interactions between objects » 1000s of classes » Domain objects  simulation

Mitre--Lessons Learned

• Wrappers – Multiple middleware environments are likely to persist/co existance – Duplication of functionality » Unify slightly different implementation of X » Objects are not a silver bullet for interoperability • HCI + mission experts build client models, domain experts build enterprise models • Observations: – Passing context across systems is difficult!

– Mapping tool/callback handler is a needed tool particularly important for military systems; code is often invoked from (too) many systems

Maturity of Technology

• Web Application Infrastructure – Mature except for metadata (XML rapidly evolving) • Multi-Agent Systems – Still immature • Message-Oriented Middleware – Rapidly reaching maturity • Distributed Database Apps Infrastructure – Mature • Distributed Object/Component Systems – Distributed data today; distribution of programs available in Java and COM;distribution of process with EJB and COM+ – CORBA functionality migrating to DCOM & Java

Meeting DoD Requirements

• Security – Does security in commercial systems meet DoD requirements?

• Metadata – Description of distributed elements to support distributed semantic processing generally emerging, based on evolving metadata approaches and standards – Development of schemas/ontologies (e.g., XML DTD’s) • Interoperation – Support for multiple approaches working together, rather than commitment to single approach

Proposed Next Steps

• Develop detailed Air Force scenario(s) in terms of “business processes” • Work with industry experts to understand how existing and near term (1-5 years) middleware technologies can support these architectures – Dr. Arvola Chan, Tibco – Dr. Mark Linton, Vitria • Develop detailed presentation materials based on design • Formulate R&D directions