Transcript Altherma - Аирконд

Information session Klondaik
Overview european heating market
Market
Comfort
cooling
Heating demand
High temp.
Low temp.
Sanitary
Residential
- New build
- Renovation
A/C products
-Split
-Sky air
Applications (no units)
Boilers
Main European countries
- gas
- Oil
Commercial
- New build
- Renovation
Applications (no units)
4.7 mln (2004e)
A/C products
-Sky air
-VRV
-Chillers
3,3 mln (2004e)
64 158 (2003)
HPs:
- Air/water
- Ground/water
- Exh / water
34 877 (2003)
unknown
unknown
Main European countries
TOTAL
101 480 (2003)
Overview european heating market
Heating market (sales)
Boilers
Market size
Main European
countries (2004)
8 million
(including Russia)
HPs
101 480
Growth : + 18%
HPs
Boilers:
-in decline in nearly all boiler markets
Reason:
- other products take the market share
- price of fossile fuels increase significantly
- perceived as not environmental friendly
- few first time installations
- Steady growth in Europe : 1997 – 2004 annual
increase in volume sales  between 10% & 27%
40 000 units in 1997 to 104 000 in 2003
- Potential for replacing oil fired jet burner boilers
- Enhancing interest for HPs due to: increasing
energy costs and the need to meet CO2 emission
targets
- Meant to be a straight replacement for a boiler
- Main Opportunities – grants, improved insulation
of houses.
Overview HP’s
Heat Sources
“Geothermal” Source
Heat Pump
-15°C
to +10°C
Heat Emitters
+35°C
to 65°C
Under-floor Heating
Radiators
“Water” Source
Fan coil units
Residential Heating
Air
Pump
or
Fan
Pump
Residential Cooling
Sanitary Hot
Water
Storage
Benefits of floor heating
Central heating systems based on water contributes to a healthy indoor
environment and good temperature comfort
When it is warmer along the floor than along the ceiling the temperature
feels comfortable
With floor heating the room temperature can be reduced by 2°C
Low temperature heating system
MORE THAN EXPECTED
heating
sanitary
cooling
General layout
Sanitary hot water tank
System controls
Indoor hydro box
Outdoor unit
Outdoor unit
230V 1Ph 50Hz (16A* fuses)
Hermetic inverter swing compressor
Floating setpoint
735
300
*20A fuses for ERYQ007
**Indicative at Eurovent conditions
Night silent mode (-3dBA)
Ref
Cooling
capacity**
Heating
capacity**
ERYQ005
5,0 Kw
6,1 Kw
ERYQ006
ERYQ007
5,7 Kw
7,0 kW
7,1 Kw
8,6 Kw
Hydrobox
EKHBH007A***
EKHBX007A***
Function
Heating only
Heating + cooling
Dimensions H*W*D (mm)
490*875*300
490*875*430
Leaving water range heating (°C)
25 - 55
Leaving water range cooling (°C)
Not relevant
4 – 20
Drain connection
No
Yes
Material
Galvanized steel
Colour
Neutral white (RAL 9010)
***Option code for back up heater
Hydrobox (inside view)
Wall hanging
Expansion vessel (10l)
Air vent
Electric back up heater
Pump
Switchbox
Flow switch
Plate H/E – condensate free
Safety valve
User interface
Manometer
Filter Strainer
LWT Sensor
Hydrobox
(2 versions)
Heating & cooling Model
Market
Residential
- New build
- Renovation
Cooling
Italy, Spain
Combination
France
Reversible Model
Heating Only Model
Heating
Nordic countries
Electric back up heater
Capacity and power supply options
Capacity (Kw)
1P-230V
3P-230V
3P-400V
Cap. steps
0*
-
-
-
-
3
O
-
-
1
6
O
O
O
2
9
-
O
O
2
- All capacity and power supply options for the back up heater can be
fitted in both the reversible and heating only model of the hydrobox
*Not foreseen in countries with ambient temperatures below -15°C
Pump
Manufactured by Wilo
3 speed settings
Speed set at installation for the highest pressure drop of the loop.
Maximum ESP 40kPa
Calculation of water flow for ΔT of 5°C (between leaving and return)
Remote controller functions
BRC1D528
Basic:
• ON/OFF
• Space heating operation
• Space cooling operation
• Sanitary heating operation
• Silent mode operation
• Temperature setpoint adjustment
Schedule timer:
The schedule timer allows the user to schedule operation of the installation according to a
day or week program
• Program a maximum of 5 actions per day.
• Switch on the installation at a scheduled time, in combination with a set point
temperature for for space heating/cooling program.
• Switch on the installation at a scheduled time for sanitary heating program, booster
heater program or silent mode program.
•Switch off the installation
Sanitary tank
Water volume (l)
EKSWW150
EKSWW200
EKSWW300
150
200
300
Max. water temp (°C)
80
Diameter (mm)
580
Height (mm)
900
1150
Electric heater (kW)
3
Power supply
230V - 1Ph – 50Hz
Fuse size (A)
20
Material inside tank
Stainless steel
Material outside tank
Blanc steel
Colour
Neutral white
Weight (kg)
21
25
1600
33
Daikin sanitary tank
-Heat pump and booster heater
operate simultaneously ; except
when the set point is reached.
65 °C
El. heater
Sensor
Water 55°C
-The electric heater does not
heat the heat exchanger.
-Maximizes the use of the
heatpump
50 °C
CONSEQUENCE :
Return water
-Optimized energy consumption
Sanitary water heating by source
Sanitary water
temperature
80°C
65°C
55°C
70% by heatpump
30% by booster heater*
70%
30%
Load coverage
*Based on field test in Norway
Emitters
Heating
Floor heating with water temperatures between 25 - 40°C
Radiators with water temperatures between 40 - 55°C
Fan coil units with water temperatures between 40 - 55°C
Optional cooling
Fan coil units with water temperatures down to 4°C
Floor loops with water temperatures down to 18°C*
*water temperature must be set above dew point temperature to avoid condensation on the floors.
Floor heating Layout
(3rd party supply)
Pre dimension floor loops
The pipes are installed with variable distances in each room to emit a certain
amount of heat.
Each room is designed in relation to each other for a certain temperature.
Not possible to control the temperature separately in each room.
Important that the dimensioning is done correctly.
Daikin fan coil units
Surface models
Low wall unit (Floor standing)
V
Concealed models
Ducted models
Concealed ceiling (L ESP)
Ducted concealed ceiling (H ESP)
M
Floor standing/Ceiling Suspended
L
Use capacity tables in heating for range: 45-40°C
D
Ducted concealed ceiling (M ESP)
B
Operation range
Water temperature (°C)
System
55°C
HEATING
MODE
H/P
40
30
Altherma is designed to operate all
year round and provide
Heating
25°C
20°C
COOLING
MODE
H/P
10
4°C
0
Sanitary hot water
Cooling
-10
under all ambient conditions
-20
Ambient temperature (°C)
-30
-15°C
-20°C -10
0
10°C
30
43°C
Never without backup heater
Power wiring
Separate power supply
for back up heater and
booster heater
230V-1Ph-50Hz
or
PCB
Pump
Controls
Water valves
+++
Booster heater
230V–1Ph–50Hz
3/N-400/230V-50Hz
230V–1Ph–50Hz
Power supply
outdoor unit
Piping limitations
(preliminary info)
Refrigerant
piping spec.
Gas pipe –
outer diameter
Liquid pipe –
outer diameter
Class model
005/006
007
12,7 mm
(1/2 inch)
15,9 mm
(5/8 inch)
6,4 mm
(1/4 inch)
Max height
= 20 m
H2O
Total piping length
= 1,5 to 30 m
Maximum distance = 10 m
(Hydrokit  sanitary water tank)
(Hydrokit  3-way valve)
General control layout
In summary :
-Main inputs :
Ta (OU),
Tl (Hydrobox),
Tsww (sanitary tank)
PCB
-Calculation of fixed
temperature or floating
set point.
-Main outputs to :
Inverter compressor
Back-up heater
Booster heater
3-way valve
Control strategy floor heating – 1) fixed set point
Tindoor = 22°C
Heat transfer from floor heating
Apports calorifiques d'un plancher chauffant par degré d'écart pour
dependinguneon
temperature
Température
au sol fixé à difference
20°C
Tfloor = 25°C
(floor / indoor)
Tlwc = 35-40°C
Heat transfer
(W/m2)
Apports en Watt
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
degrés d'écarts
Fixed Tlwc set point  whatever the outdoor conditions
CONSEQUENCE : more variable indoor temperature.
9
10 11
12
13
14
Tfloor – Tindoor (°C)
Control strategy floor heating – 2) Floating set point
Measured Ta
input
Tlwc
Calculation floating set point
Target
TLwc
Measured actual Tlwc
input
ΔT
Ta
The bigger the ΔT(target –
actual Tlwc), the higher
compressor frequency.
Sophisticated controls
Compressor frequency versus ΔT setpoint and leaving water temperature
Water temperature
setpoint
Leaving water
temperature
Compressor
frequency
Ambient
temperature
Principle drawing; actual control will be much more accurate!
Improved comfort – floating setpoint
Tlwc
Tf = 30°C
38°C
Example, not fixed
temperatures
Tlwc target
Tf = 22°C
25°C
-10°C
Comfort
22°C
5°C
17°C Tambient
Floor temperature (Tf)
27°C
Discomfort
30°C
By using the floating setpoint control, Tf is kept as low as possible
Shifting of floating setpoint curve
Set_T1
(Tlwc °C)
Setpoint
Temperature
range
Lo_T1
25-55°C
Hi_T1
25-55°C
Lo_A
-20-+5°C
Hi_A
10-20°C
55°C
Lo_T1
Hi_T1
25°C
Lo_A
-20°C
Hi_A
5°C 10°C
20°C
Ambient outdoor
(Ta °C)
Heat pump process
Pressure
COP =
Heat emitted from the condenser
Compressor work
Heat given to the water in the hydrobox
3
2
Expansion
Condenser
Evaporator
4
1
Condensing temperature
Evaporator temperature
Compressor
power input
Energy taken from the outdoor air
Enthalpy (h)
Reduced ΔT between evaporator and condenser => Increased COP
Increased efficiency – inverter compressor
Compressor efficiency versus compressor frequency
Efficiency
Efficiency
improved in
partial load
Tc = 28°C => Tlwc = 26°C
Tc = 32°C => Tlwc = 30°C
Tc = 36°C => Tlwc = 34°C
Tc = 40°C => Tlwc = 38°C
Tc = Condensing temperature
Tlwc = leaving water condenser
Compressor frequency
0%
100%
Heating load
17°C
-10°C
Tambient
Heat exchangers become overdimensioned in partial load
Control strategy – Space heating
Tlwc (°C)
40
25
TLeaving water
-10
18
Ta (°C)
• Priority is given to space heating.
• The leaving water temperature is controlled by floating setpoint, but can be fixed.
• The system only controls the leaving water temperature, not the room temperature.
• The floating setpoint will keep a stable indoor temperature.
• The back up heater switches on if the heat pump doesn’t reach the setpoint.
• The back up heater will never be operational in sanitary mode.
Control strategy – Sanitary water heating
TLeaving water
• Compressor runs at full capacity with a leaving water temperature of 55°C.
• Space heating and cooling mode has priority.
• The sanitary tank has a buffer volume of 150-300 liter warm water.
• Booster heater timer
• Below a certain ambient temperature (user setting) when the space heating
needs full capacity the system will not switch to sanitary mode.
• Powerfull sanitary mode.
Control strategy – Cooling
Motorised valve
Field supply
• Priority is given to space cooling.
• Fixed leaving water temperature.
• Chilled water down to 4°C.
• Cooling with fan coil units
• Cooling through the floor loops
Floor heating loop
disactivated
Combination of floor heating and radiators
Radiator
32°C
Floor loop
55°C
Principle drawing
The water temperature must be adjusted for the radiators
The temperature must be reduced to suit the floor heating loops
Tool in preparation (april 06)
Software to select and design
the heating system
from the input of the place and
heating load
One of the outputs will be
the energy cost comparison
with other systems using different
sources of energy (gas, fuel,…) 
*Do not use the figures which are not based on reality
System applications – Monovalent
Heat
pump
Hydro
box
Mono-valent (heatpump only)
Heating requirement
100%
•The heat pump is designed to
cover the entire load
Radiators/
floor heating
Heatpump capacity
•The heat pump is
overdimensioned most of the
year
•High investment cost
Coldest day of the year
Covered by heatpump
Spare heatpump
capacity
100%
Hours Operating time
CONSEQUENCES :
• Lowest possible energy
consumption
•Heat pump needs
approximately 40% larger
capacity than the monoenergetic solution
System applications – Monoenergetic
Back up heater*
Heat
pump
Hydro
box
Back up heater is only used
below the equilibrium point
Radiators/
floor heating
Mono-energetic (heatpump + heater)
Coldest day of the year
60%
Heating requirement
100%
Heatpump capacity
Equilibrium point
10%
Covered by heatpump
Covered by back up heater
Spare heatpump
capacity
90%
Hours
*Back up heater is mounted inside the hydro box
Operating time
-Heat pump is normally designed to
cover 50 to 70% of the heating
requirement at the coldest day of the
year
- Heat pump covers 90-95% of the
yearly heating requirement.
Back up heater covers 5-10%
- Optimal balance between
investment and running costs
- Back up heater provides safety in
case of outdoor HP malfunction
System applications – Bivalent
Heat
pump
Hydro
box
Boiler
Radiators/
floor heating
•Combines the use of a heat pump
and fossil fuel boiler
Bi-valent (heatpump + boiler)
Heating requirement
100%
Boiler is only used below
the equilibrium point
Coldest day of the year
Equilibrium point
Heatpump capacity
Covered by heatpump
Covered by boiler
Spare heatpump
capacity
Hours Operating time
Perfect for renovation projects where
the existing boiler is still intact
•Heat pump covers the entire load at
moderate ambient temperatures,
boiler covers the entire load at low
ambient temperatures.
•Only interesting if the relationship
between the cost of electricity and oil
is higher than the efficiency of the
heatpump
System selection – Solar panels
Field test
1) Norway:
150m2 house
Floor heating: ground floor +
bathroom first floor
FCU first floor
Sanitary tank = 300 l
Norway
France
2) France:
RESULTS
200m2 heated surface
All floor heating
- Easy installation
- Stable indoor temperature
Brick walls
- High efficiency
- Sanitary hot water available all year round
No inner wall insulation
- High user satisfaction
- Increased comfort
Field test – space heating (Norway)
Leaving water temp follows
setpoint (black line) precisely
50
•Indoor temperature is
stable during the all day.
40
30
20
indoor room temperature
Never drops below 21,5 °C
10
3,Ta
7,Ti
°
9,Tl C
0
0 AM
0
AM
-10
-20
Set T(F)
6 AM
12AM
12 AM
6PM
Outdoor temp down to -18°C
-30
Test data 02/03/05 – average ambient temperature = - 13 °C
12PM
12 PM
•Altherma perfectly
matches the heating
requirements, even under
severe conditions.
Field test – sanitary water heating (Norway)
Stable sanitary hot water temp.
Never drops below 55 °C
70
•Always sufficient availability
of sanitary warm water for
that day
60
50
Stable and comfortable indoor room
Temperature never drops below
21,5 °C
40
3
0
20
Ambient temperature evolution (note:
high “peaks” are due to defrost cycle –
position of sensor); Ta = - 5°C
10
0
1
-10
0 AM
6 AM
12 AM
6 PM
-20
Test data 28/11/04 – average ambient temperature = - 5 °C
12 PM
•Indoor temperature is stable
under all conditions
Load diagram – Field test in Norway
Load diagram Oslo
4,5
140,0
4,0
3,5
100,0
2,5
2,0
Backup heater
supplies 4,1 %
of the heating
demand
80,0
60,0
1,5
40,0
1,0
20,0
0,5
load line
empiric data
18
16
17
14
15
12
13
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2.2
9
10
11
COP
-2
-1
-4
-3
-6
-5
0,0
-8
-7
0,0
-1
5
-1
4
-1
3
-1
2
-1
1
-1
0
-9
Cap (kW)
3,0
Thermal weight distribution
120,0
2.6
thermal weight distribution
backup heater weight distribution
Seasonal COP (including sanitary) - 2,8
Including the back up heater
- 2,6
Very high usage of sanitary water (300 l sanitary tank) !
Outdoor
temp.(°C)
Load diagram – Field test in France
Load diagram Rennes
12,0
14,0
Capacity (Kw)
10,0
8,0
6,0
8,0
Backup heater supplies 5
% of the heating demand
6,0
4,0
4,0
2,0
2,0
0,0
COP
0,0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
2.2
2 3
2.6
4 5 6
3,0
3,6
7 8
4,0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4,2
16 Outdoor
temp.(°C)
load diagram Didier
empiric data
thermal weight distribution
backup heater weight distribution
Seasonal COP (including sanitary) - 3,4
Including the back up heater
- 3,2
Thermal weight distribution
12,0
10,0
Benefit : expected seasonal COP
2,7
2,6
3,2
3,0
2,4
The seasonal COP* is
dependent on the ambient
conditions
3,7
3,9
3,5
4,0
*Evaluation based on first field tests. Still to be confirmed by final tests and partial load measurements
Benefit : reduced CO2 emissions
42
%
UK
98
%
Sw itserland
91
%
Sw eden
98
%
Norw ay
39
%
Netherlands
32
%
Germany
96
%
France
Belgium
67
%
Austria
0%
20%
40%
69
%
60%
80%
100%
Possible reduction in CO2 emission per country for Altherma
compared to a fossile fuel boiler
Benefit : easy installation
•Compact outdoor unit
•Discreet installation outside the
building
•New builds and refurbishments
•Can be used where outdoor
space is restricted, for example in
inner city applications
•No need for technical room
•No investment in ground works
or disruption to the land
•No need for chimney, oil tank or
gas connection
Benefit : installation flexibility
Altherma can be
specified both for
new builds
Refurbishment projects
as well as
New Build Projects
refurbishment projects
This versatile and flexible
system is easy to specify for
every type of project
Restricted outdoor
space
Houses
Inner city applications
Overview of system benefits
1.
8.
Environmentally
friendly
Flexible
configuration
2.
Increased
comfort
Low
maintenance 3.
7. Easy to install
No
additional
Low energy
infrastructure
bills
Cooling
required
4.
option
6.
5.
Daikin has designed the Altherma
system to meet and exceed
customers expectations
and enhance the comfort
of living all year round.
Thank you for your attention!