Transcript Slide 1

Il Contributo Italiano
all’Iniziativa europea per la
Cattura, il Trasporto e lo
Stoccaggio della CO2
G. Cau, G. Girardi, P.
Macini, E. Mesini, S.
Persoglia
Geofluid 2010
Piacenza (Italy)
Agenda
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Background
Public acceptance
CCS challenges
Main projects under way
Main finalized research activities
International programmes
Cooperation agreements
Potential role of Italy in founding
European Industrial Initiatives
Background
• The need to update energy policies worldwide in order to deal
with climate change is now unanimously considered a priority.
Paramount is an approach integrating energy usage and
production. Such an approach requires a transition towards an
economy not any longer based on fossil fuels, but on an
increased demand/supply efficiency and on renewable
sources, while aiming at clean technologies and emissions
close to zero.
• The International Energy Agency (IEA) has agreed that the
world’s energy demand will rise by 1.8% per year, falling back
upon coal for over 1/3 of the total growth. In 2030, 97% of the
forecasted emission increment will be due to non-OECD
countries (3/4 of which in China, India and Middle East
Countries). Therefore the energy and research policy must
take the following factors into account:
• a) fossil fuel demand will stay very high in the coming decades,
above all in the Countries with an Emerging Economy;
• b) the development and widespread commercial deployment
of zero emission technologies at a competitive cost will take
longer;
Background
• IEA reckons that CCS techniques could
contribute to reduce CO2 emissions by about
20% by 2050 in a scenario where at that time
emissions will be 50% lower than today’s
levels.
Source: http://www.iea.org
Background
• Regarding the regulatory aspects, many
positive steps have been made on the
international level to include CCS techniques
into the London Protocol on marine pollution
and into the OSPAR Treaty for the protection
of the marine environment in the N-E
Atlantic.
• The regulatory framework is destined to
evolve rapidly, above all thanks to the recent
European Directive 2009/31/EC of 23 April
2009 on CO2 Geological Storage2, which
binds the member states to report on the
implementation state of the Directive at
national level by June 2011.
Public acceptance
• Recent research indicates that more than 90% of
the population is considering greenhouse effect
mitigation an important factor to pursue with
determination because of its implications on climate
change. However most of the people are not fully
aware of the potential of CCS.
• The lack of awareness of the population regarding
CCS makes it imperative that correct information
from reliable sources is made available to the public.
• A communication strategy addressing a wide and
varied group of people to whom CCS is a concern is
essential to prevent positions which are extremely
anti-CCS, irrational or effectively opposing the
objective from monopolizing the debate.
CCS challenges
• CCS techniques have a strong potential for the
reduction of CO2 emissions. The objectives of the
activity in the next few years can be summarized as
follows:
• a) lowering the cost of CCS to values < 30-40 €/t
CO2;
• b) reducing the investment and running costs of
CCS installation;
• c) reducing the added energy required by CCS
technologies;
• d) completing the mapping of geological sites
suitable for CCS in Europe and in Italy;
• e) starting CCS demonstration projects on an
industrial scale;
• f) supporting the European states in implementing
the European Directive on CO2 Geological Storage.
Main projects under way
• ENEL – Geological storage in saline aquifers.
This demonstrative project is conceived with
the aim of evaluating the potential for CCS in
Italy, with special regard to the areas
located near the ENEL power plants of
Civitavecchia, Brindisi and Porto Tolle. The
construction of a 0.8 MNm3/h CCS
installation treating part of the flue gases of
a 660 MWe unit of the Porto Tolle power
plant will follow. About 1 Mt/year of CO2 will
be transported to an offshore saline aquifer
and injected underground.
Main projects under way
• ENI – Feasibility study and pilot project of
injection into a depleted hydrocarbon field.
ENI is installing the surface infrastructure
for CO2 injection and monitoring in the
Cortemaggiore gas field. The injection of
8000 t/yr of CO2 will follow over a 3 year
period, followed by 2 years of post injection
monitoring. Studies on the utilization of the
CO2 will also be run in order to increase the
recovery factor from Italian hydrocarbon
fields.
Main projects under way
• ENI-ENEL – Agreement for the development
of CCS techniques.
The agreement involves a joint study on the
potential for CO2 geological storage in Italy
and the implementation of the first Italian
CCS project. ENEL is busy with the
construction of a pilot CO2 post-combustion
capture installation; the CO2 will be liquefied
in situ and transported to Cortemaggiore,
where ENI will inject it into the depleted
field. A joint study for a CCS demonstration
project of 1 Mt/year is also involved.
Main projects under way
• CARBOSULCIS – CBM and ECBM methane
recovery and CO2 storage ( Sulcis).
The project has the objective of evaluating
the feasibility of methane recovery and of
CO2 storage (ECBM) in vast parts of the
Sulcis coal basin, Sardinia, which are not
suitable for mining activities. Once the
characterization of the basin has been
completed through studies, analyses of
existing data and experimentation, the
second stage will follow, with the aim of
defining all the remaining aspects for the
construction of a pilot injection and storage
Main projects under way
• ENEL – CO2 capture demonstration projects.
1- post-combustion capture project =
construction of a pilot plant of 10.000 Nm3/h
to be installed at the Brindisi coal power
plant. The CO2 produced will be stored at
ENI-Cortemaggiore. A 0.8 MNm3/h
installation will be constructed to treat part
of the flue gases of a 660 MWe unit of the
Porto Tolle power plant.
2- “flameless” combustion of coal in
atmosphere of O2, CO2 and water vapour,
(1500 to 1700 °C and P> 4 bar). Process
developed and licensed to ITEA, used now
Main projects under way
• TECHINT – Post-combustion CCS on gas fired
power installation.
The main goal is to apply post-combustion CO2
capture to an existing 120 MWe gas fired
cogenerative power installation operated by Tenaris
at Dalmine steel industry; the feasibility study is
finalized.
• TECHINT – Pre-combustion pilot installation at
Sotacarbo research centre (PRATO Project).
The main goal is the design and construction of a
pilot installation for pre-combustion CO2 capture to
be located in the research area of Sotacarbo
(Sardinia); the feasibility study has already been
finished.
Main projects under way
• ENEA – Clean coal/zero emission project.
Develop and demonstrate pre-combustion
carbon capture technology, applied to a coal
fired system, and CO2 storage in coal beds
(ECBM) and in saline aquifers. A pilot
installation for the combined generation of
electricity and hydrogen will be constructed
in the research area of Sotacarbo (Sardinia).
The captured CO2 will be injected into coal
beds managed by Carbosulcis and into the
underlying aquifers. ENEA is part of the
industrial demonstrative initiatives as well as
in the aforementioned projects managed by
Techint and in ENEL’s oxycombustion
project.
Main projects under way
• MSE-Lombardia Region agreement for the
development of CCS techniques.
A recent agreement (Feb. 2010), between MSE
and Lombardia Region, promotes joint studies
on the potential for CO2 storage in Lombardia:
the largest Italian CO2 producer. The
agreement is also finalized: 1) to foster
voluntary agreements between industrial
partners, research Institutes (public and/or
private), and Universities; 2) to promote the
processes involved with authorizative issues
and public acceptability; 3) to promote a CCS
pilot plant, also in order to transfer
administrative competencies from the Italian
government to Regional Authorities.
Main finalized research
activities
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SOTACARBO “COHYGEN project – pre-combustion technology”
ENEA “ZECOMIX project – pre-combustion technology”.
ENEA “CARBOMICROGEN project - distributed generation based on hydrogen
rich syngas”.
ENEA “Coal fired power plants for electricity and hydrogen combined
production project”.
ENEA “Oxy-combustion for coal fired power installations”.
ENEA/SOTACARBO “Coal gasification with CO2 capture and storage”.
RSE “Characterization of CO2 storage sites”.
RSE “Development of membranes for the separation of hydrogen from
syngas”. The main goal is to develop new membranes by chemical deposition
of palladium and its alloys on porous media for use in separating hydrogen
from syngas. An especially valuable application is the Membrane Shift Reactor,
already successfully demonstrated at the laboratory scale: the reaction is
more effective when coupled with continuous hydrogen isolation.
RSE “Degradation of a turbogas running on hydrogen rich syngas”.
RSE “Sorbent solids suitable for the capture from combustion fumes”.
CNR “Innovative technologies for the improvement of the environmental
performance of powdered coal power plants”.
ENEL/ENEA “MILD combustion project”.
International programs with the
participation of Italian partners
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Weyburn CO2 monitoring project.
NASCENT (Natural analogues for the geological storage of CO2).
CO2Net2 (Carbon dioxide thematic network).
CASTOR (CO2: from cCApture to STORage).
INCA-CO2 (INternational Co-operation Actions on CO2 capture and
storage).
GeoCapacity (Assessing European capacity for geological storage of
carbon dioxide).
DYNAMIS (Towards hydrogen and electricity production with carbon
dioxide capture and storage).
CO2GeoNet (The European Network of eExcellence on the geological
storage of CO2).
CO2ReMoVe (CO2 geological storage: Research Into Monitoring And
Verification technology).
MovECBMm (Monitoring and verification of Enhanced Coal Bed
Methane).
CCP and CCP2 (CO2 Capture Project).
RISCS (Research into Impacts and Safety in CO2 Storage).
SOCRATES (Scale One CO2 Recovery and Trapping Engineering
Studies) .
Cooperation agreements underway or
desirable at the European or international level
• Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum
(CSLF)
• European Technology Platform on ZEFFPP
• Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute
(GCCSI)
• Bilateral agreement Italy-USA about CCT
and CCS
• European Energy Research Alliance (EERA)
• European Framework Program on R&D
• ECCSEL (European Carbon dioxide Capture
and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure)
Potential role of Italian stakeholders in the
founding of European Industrial Initiatives
• 1) ENEL, together with ENI, is pushing a post
combustion technology demo plant (Porto Tolle) and
an oxy-combustion facility (to be constructed near
Brindisi).
• 2) Sotacarbo and ENEA have carried out a
feasibility study for a 400 MWe coal fired demo plant
with CCS to be realized in Sardinia (Sulcis demo
Project).
• 3) Sotacarbo and Carbosulcis, together with ENEA,
OGS, Universities, and others, are managing a
project aiming at evaluating the feasibility of
methane recovery (CBM) and of CO2 storage
(ECBM) in the Sulcis coal basin, Sardinia, not
suitable for mining activities.
Potential role of Italian stakeholders in the
founding of European Industrial Initiatives
• 4) Sotacarbo and ENEA are carrying out activities
on pre combustion CCS and planned to realize a
pre-combustion and coal to liquid zero emission
pilot plant with CO2 capture and storage.
• 5) ITEA has planned an oxy-combustion project
applied to different sectors – Gioia del Colle pilot
plant.
• 6) Techint and Tenaris, together with ENEA and
RSE, have completed a feasibility study to retrofit
the Tenaris combined cycle plant (of about 120
MWe) with a CO2 post-combustion capture system
with storage in a deep saline aquifer of the Bergamo
area.