Transcript Grape Cultivar Trials - Wisconsin Grape Growers Association

Seedless Table Grapes
2009 Update
Judith Reith-Rozelle
Assistant Superintendent
University of Wisconsin, West Madison
Agricultural Research Station
8502 Mineral Point Road
Verona, WI 53593
[email protected]
Seedless Table Grape Trials
Third Year Trial Data:
Variety/Cultivar performance
Ripening Sequence
Cluster weights
Data collection/program for 2010
Judith Reith-Rozelle
Assistant Superintendent
West Madison Agricultural Research Station
Seedless Table Grape Trial
Design
Non-Replicated Trial
Established in June 2007 at
West Madison Agricultural
Research Station
Fifteen Grape Cultivars
Six Red
Five Blue
Four White
Three plants each variety
Training Methods for Table Grapes
High Wire Cordon
•Concord Seedless
•Somerset Seedless
•Mars
Photos – Selections at
West Madison and
Peninsular
Mid-wire Cordon with Vertical
Shoot Positioning
Grape Vine Development - 2009
Spring - 2009
May 11, 2009 - Saturn
No bud or cane damage on 12
varieties - low temp ( -28 degrees)
Bud damage
Glenora
Himrod
Reliance
June 10, 2009 - Canadice
Fruit and Flower Formation
Controlled development of all fruit/flower production:
removed all flower clusters in 07 – 08 – Thinned
flower clusters 2009.
June 10, 2009 -Saturn
Diseases/Insects
Diseases in Select Cultivars:
Sprayed all vines following recommended
schedule and chemicals
Black Rot or Phomopsis - Marquis fruit/foliage
Powdery Mildew - Glenora and Marquis
Insect Pressure on Cultivars:
Japanese Beetles
Leaf Hoppers
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Reds
Blues
Canadice
Einset
Reliance
Saturn
Somerset Seedless
Vanessa
Concord Seedless
Glenora
Mars
Trollhaugen
Venus
Whites
Himrod
Interlaken
Lakemont
Marquis
Photos: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Red Seedless
Non-slipskin
Canadice (New York)
Mid-Season - 9/2/09
Brix 18.10
Fruit clusters compact
Flesh crisp
Flavor very spicy, sweet,
complex
Photos: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Red Seedless
Einset (New York)
Early-Season - 9/20/09
Brix 19.10
Fruit clusters loose to open
Flesh tender to firm
Skin, thicker than other,
nonslip
Flavor very unique complex
Photos: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Red Seedless
Reliance (Arkansas)
Mid-Season
Limited fruit 2009 - 4 clusters
Winter damage 2007 – vines
froze to ground level
Replanted in 2008, due to
possible herbicide damage
Photo: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Red Seedless
Saturn (Arkansas)
Early-Season - 9/10/09
Photo: Courtesy of New York
State, Agricultural Research
Station - Geneva
Brix 17.1
Fruit clusters very open
Pollination problem
Flesh crisp
Flavor very spicy
Seeds developed 2009
Not small seed traces
Photos: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Red Seedless
Somerset Seedless
(Elmer Swenson)
Early-Season – 8/14/09
8/20/09 sweeter Brix 20.0
9/2/09 extremely
sweet – Brix 22.1
Fruit clusters open
Flesh tender to firm
Flavor spicy, complex
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Red Seedless
Vanessa (Ontario)
Mid-Season - 9/2/09
Brix 16.3
Fruit clusters very compact
Flesh crisp, firm
Flavor very fruity, sweet,
spicy
No seed remnant
Photos: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
White Seedless
Non slipskin
Himrod (New York)
Mid-Season
No fruit 2009
Winter damage 2007 –
vines froze to ground
Struggled in 2008, due to
possible herbicide
damage on new growth
Photo: Courtesy of New York State,
Agricultural Research Station Geneva
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
White Seedless
Interlaken (New York)
Early-Season - 9/20/09
Brix 18.10
Fruit clusters open
Flesh crisp, firm
Flavor very clean, sweet
Photo: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
White Seedless
Lakemont (New York)
Early-Season - 8/27/09
Brix 20.0
Fruit clusters loose, open
Flesh melting, juicy
Flavor very spicy, clean, honey
like (sweeter and more complex
than Interlaken)
Photos: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
White Seedless
Marquis (New York)
Mid-Season - 9/10/09
Brix 17.2
Fruit clusters loose and v. open
Flesh melting, juicy texture
Bland, but fresh taste
Thompson like
Disease problems – Black
Rot/Phomopsis
Photos: Courtesy of Iowa State University
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Blue Seedless
Slipskin
Resistant to feeding of
Japanese Beetles
Concord Seedless
Mid-Season - 9/2/09
Brix 21.5
Fruit clusters very tight
Flesh juicy, melting
Dense, deep, Foxy/
American flavor
Seeds in fruit two vines
– no seeds in one matured earlier
Photos: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Blue Seedless
Glenora (Arkansas)
Four clusters of fruit 2009
Winter damage 2007 – vines
froze to ground
Struggled in 2008, due to
possible herbicide damage
on new growth in 2007
Photo courtesy of Stark Brothers Nursery
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Blue Seedless
Mars (Arkansas)
Mid-Season - 9/10/09
Brix 21.8
Fruit clusters tight
Flesh juicy, melting
Skin thinner than some
other blues
Flavor dense, deep, spicy
Photo: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Blue Seedless
Trollehaugen (Arkansas)
Mid-Season - 9/10/09
Brix 16.3
Fruit clusters tight
Flesh melting
Flavor very sweet, deep, spicy
Photos: UW – Madison, West
Madison Agricultural Research
Station Staff
Seedless Table Grape Varieties
Blue Seedless
Venus (Arkansas)
Mid-Season - 9/10/09
Brix 17.8
Fruit clusters very tight
Flesh melting
Flavor dense, deep,
spicy – reminiscent of
sweet, pink grapefruit
Photo: UW – Madison,
West Madison Agricultural
Research Station Staff
Ripening Sequence
Sequence of Ripening
Cultivar Name
Color
8/20
8/27
9/2
9/10
Brix
Brix
Brix
Brix
1. Somerset Seedless
Red
20.20
20.00
22.20
harv
2. Vanessa
Red
16.50
18.00
20.60
harv
3. Trollhaugen
Blue
16.30
16.30
21.60
harv
4. Canadice
Red
17.20
18.10
21.00
22.10
5. Venus
Blue
14.20
15.10
17.80
19.50
6. Interlaken
White
13.60
15.60
18.10
21.60
7. Lakemont
White
13.50
19.50
20.10
22.80
8. Einset
Red
15.00
16.10
19.10
20.10
9. Concord Seedless
Blue
17.00
17.60
21.50
21.80
10. Mars
Blue
12.50
14.20
17.00
18.60
11. Marquis
White
11.00
12.30
17.20
18.20
12. Glenora
Blue
14.10
15.90
16.50
17.10
13. Saturn
Red
11.10
13.10
15.30
17.10
14. Himrod
White
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15. Reliance
Red
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Fruit harvest and tasted on 8/14/09 were very sweet and ready for harvest – brix reading not taken
Fruit sweet enough to harvest – sweeter taste on week later
2009 Favorites
Standard Sizing for Fresh Market –
Seedless Table Grapes
Under
Glass
All varieties
excluding
small-berry
varieties cluster
weight/g
Extra
Class
300
250
150
Class I
250
150
100
Class II
150
100
75
Small-berry varieties
cluster weight/g
Sizing - International Commercial Quality Standards for
Agricultural Produce – Established by United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe
(UNECE)
Canada follows the UNECE standards
Weight of Clusters and One Berry
Date
Harvested
8/20
453 g/lb
Fruit
Weight
8/27
9/2
9/10
8/20
8/27
9/2
9/10
Data
Data
g/Cluster
g/Cluster
g/Cluster
g/Cluster
1 berry
1 berry
1 berry
1 berry
cltr
1 berry
Canadice
73
133
136
126
1.8
1.9
1.5
1.8
187
1.6
Concord
Seedless
94
52
191
181
1.9
1.4
3.1
2.8
121
2.6
Einset
69
108
216
209
2.8
2.2
2.1
2.6
154
2.3
Glenora
89
88
100
91
1.1
1.0
1.0
.88
122
1.3
Himrod
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
172
2.1
Interlaken
91
167
186
198
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
245
1.5
Lakemont
87
172
197
169
1.8
1.2
1.8
1.5
220
1.7
Marquis
81
69
91
89
1.6
1.2
1.5
1.6
245
3.5
105
149
218
195
4.6
3.8
3.3
2.6
193
2.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
280
2.3
62
68
78
56
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.2
236
3.0
Somerset
Seedless
160
161
165
harv
1.5
1.2
1.2
harv
149
1.8
Trollhaugen
113
99
181
harv
1.5
1.3
1.8
harv
225
1.5
Vanessa
63
89
82
harv
1.3
1.8
1.5
harv
116
1.2
142
226
274
259
3.4
4.4
4.1
3.9
250
2.9
Cultivar Name
Mars
Reliance
Saturn
Venus
Seedless Table Grape Trials
Fourth Year - 2010:
Seedless Table Grape Trial
Thin flower clusters to recommended rate
for each cultivar
Apply gibberellic acid?
Monitor for disease and insect problems
Collect data on brix and acids
Trial at local market
Compile report on varieties
Judith Reith-Rozelle
Assistant Superintendent
West Madison Agricultural Research Station
Seedless Table Grape Trials
Support 2007 - 2010
Wisconsin Department of
Agriculture, Agricultural
Development & Diversification
Program (ADD) – 2007 - 2009
Wisconsin Grape Growers
Association - New Grant for –
2010 -2011
Support from winery in the state –
staff training/financial
University of Wisconsin – Madison,
College of Agriculture and Life
Sciences
University of Wisconsin – Madison,
Cooperative Extension