Transcript Slide 1

The Gender Wealth Gap
Louis Boakye-Yiadom
University of Ghana/The Gender Asset Gap
Project
World Bank Workshop on Gender and Assets
14 June 2012
Outline
•The gender wealth gap – basic concept
• The gender wealth gap – findings from
Ecuador, Ghana, and Karnataka (India);
•The gender wealth gap, using a modified
measure;
•Summary of findings and concluding thoughts.
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The Gender Wealth Gap – Basic Concept
The gender wealth gap
• Females’ share of the value of assets;
• Incorporates both quantity and quality
dimensions;
• Limitation:
Focuses only on owners of assets
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Gender Shares (%) of Total Gross Physical Wealth
90.0
81.0
80.0
69.7
Share (%) of Gross Physical Wealth
70.0
60.0
53.3
50.0
46.7
40.0
30.3
30.0
19.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Ecuador
Ghana
Karnataka
Country/State
Share (%) of males in physical wealth
Share (%) of females in physical wealth
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Gender Shares (%) of Gross Financial Wealth
80.0
74.0
70.0
67.7
61.1
Share (%) of Financila Wealth
60.0
50.0
38.9
40.0
32.3
30.0
26.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Ecuador
Ghana
Karnataka
Country/State
Share (%) of males in financial wealth
Share (%) of females in financial wealth
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Share (%) of Value of Physical Assets, by Sex; Ecuador
100%
90%
36.2
80%
51.3
70%
56.7
33.2
49.6
55.0
56.3
53.3
60%
50%
40%
63.8
30%
48.7
20%
43.3
66.8
50.4
45.0
43.7
Other Real Estate
Livestock
46.7
10%
0%
Principal Residence
Agricultural Land
Males' share of value
Ag Equipment &
Installations
Females' share of value
Businesses
Consumer Durables
All
6
Share (%) of Value of Physical Assets, by Sex; Ghana
100%
7.1
13.9
90%
25.9
80%
21.2
36.7
31.5
30.3
68.5
69.7
Consumer Durables
All
38.3
70%
60%
50%
92.9
86.1
40%
74.1
30%
78.8
63.3
61.7
20%
10%
0%
Principal Residence Agricultural Land
Other Real Estate
Livestock
Males' share of value
Ag Equipment &
Installations
Businesses
Females' share of value
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Share (%) of Value of Physical Assets, by Sex; Karnataka
100%
5.0
12.0
90%
16.0
19.0
23.0
38.0
80%
46.0
51.0
70%
60%
50%
95.0
88.0
40%
84.0
81.0
77.0
62.0
30%
54.0
49.0
20%
10%
0%
Principal Residence
Agricultural Land
Other Real Estate
Livestock
Males' share of value
Ag Equipment &
Installations
Businesses
Consumer Durables
All
Females' share of value
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Females' Share (%) of Gross Physical Wealth, by Quintile
70.0
62.5
60.0
59.3
58.8
56.6
55.8
Females' Share (%) of Gross Physical Wealth
53.9
52.1
50.3
50.0
46.1
45.5
40.9
40.0
30.0
28.2
29.8
26.0
20.0
16.0
10.0
0.0
Ecuador
Ghana
Poorest
Second
Third
Karnataka
Fourth
Richest
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The Gender Wealth Gap,
Using a Modified Measure
• Measure
G = Fw – Fp, where
Fw: Females’ share of wealth
Fp: Females’ share of the population
G=0: An absence of a gender wealth gap
G<0: A gender wealth gap in favour of males
G>0: A gender wealth gap in favour of females
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The Gender Wealth Gap,
Using a Modified Measure – Cont ...
Ecuador
Ghana
Karnataka
Females’ Share
of Physical
Wealth
0.533
.303
0.19
Females’ Share
of the
Population
0.518
.524
.523
Modified
Gender
Wealth Gap
0.02
-0.22
-0.33
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Key Findings
• Differences exist among the three countries in
the gender wealth gaps for the various asset
categories;
•Females’ share of physical wealth is highest in the
poorest quintile, but lowest in the richest quintile;
• For Ghana and Karnataka, the size of the gender
wealth gap is an indication that massive policy
interventions are required to considerably bridge
the gap.
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Thank You!
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