Transcript Wireless Sensor Networks & Applications

Wireless Sensor
Networks
Nuwan Gajaweera
Research Engineer
Outline
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Motes & Wireless Sensor Networks
WSN Applications
TinyOS
WSN research at the Dialog Lab
Motes & Wireless
Sensor Networks
D/A
A/D
Microcontroller
External Memory
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Digital I/O ports
Radio Transceiver
Analog I/O Ports
Mote
A very low cost low power computer
Monitors one or more sensors
A Radio Link to the outside world
Are the building blocks of Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSN)
Sensor
Sensor
Wireless Sensor Network
“A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a
wireless network consisting of spatially
distributed autonomous devices using
sensors to cooperatively monitor physical
or environmental conditions, such as
temperature, sound, vibration, pressure,
motion or pollutants, at different locations.”
- Wikipedia
Wireless Sensor Networks
• Formed by hundreds or thousands of motes that
communicate with each other and pass data along from
one to another
• Research done in this area focus mostly on energy
aware computing and distributed computing
Links to Other networks or
Similar Super Nodes
Super Node
Motes
WSN Applications
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Environmental/Habitat monitoring
Acoustic detection
Seismic Detection
Military surveillance
Inventory tracking
Medical monitoring
Smart spaces
Process Monitoring
Habitat Monitoring on Great Duck Island
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http://www.greatduckisland.net/
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Intel Research Laboratory at Berkeley initiated a
collaboration with the College of the Atlantic in Bar
Harbor and the University of California at Berkeley to
deploy wireless sensor networks on Great Duck
Island, Maine (in 2002)
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Monitor the microclimates in and around nesting
burrows used by the Leach's Storm Petrel
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Goal : habitat monitoring kit for researchers worldwide
FireBug
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Wildfire Instrumentation System Using Networked Sensors
Allows predictive analysis of evolving fire behavior
Firebugs: GPS-enabled, wireless thermal sensor motes
based on TinyOS that self-organize into networks for
collecting real time data in wild fire environments
Software architecture: Several interacting layers (Sensors,
Processing of sensor data, Command center)
A project by University of California, Berkeley CA.
Preventive Maintenance on an Oil Tanker in
the North Sea: The BP Experiment
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Collaboration of Intel & BP
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Use of sensor networks to support preventive
maintenance on board an oil tanker in the North Sea.
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A sensor network deployment onboard the ship
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System gathered data reliably and recovered from
errors when they occurred.
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The project was recognized by InfoWorld as one of the
top 100 IT projects in 2004,
“Cricket” Mote
• Basically a location-aware mote.
• Includes an Ultrasound transmitter and receiver.
• Uses the combination of RF and Ultrasound
technologies to establish differential time of arrival and
hence linear range estimates
• Based on Cricket Indoor Location System developed by
a MIT researcher Nissanka Bodhi Priyantha
TinyOS
• What is TinyOS
– open-source operating system
– wireless embedded sensor networks
– component-based architecture
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Developed at UCB in collaboration with Intel Research
Current Stable Version is 1.1.15
TinyOS 2.0 (T2) released on 6/11
Main Ideas –
– Low complexity
– Conserve power – sleep as frequently as possible
• Written in nesC – next generation C compiler
Different Targets
mica
mica2
mica2dot
micaz
telos
telosb
rene2
pc
Mica2
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Extremely popular mote
8-bit AVR Controller
FSK radio
Data-logger flash
Our contributions to
the WSN world
Mica2 Clone
Data Mule
• DataMule – a mobile entity present in
the environment that will pick up data
from the mote when in range, buffer
it, and drop off the data at base
station
– ex: People, Vehicles, Livestock
Data Mule
Leaf Node
Base Station
Data Mule
Data Mule
Data Mule
Base Station
Data Mule - Applications
• Collecting a data in a sparse sensor
network
• Tracking movement of mobile elements
– Vehicles
– Livestock
– Wild Animals
Data Mule
Base Station
Data Mule - Research undertaken
• Development of a TDMA/CSMA hybrid MAC
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TinyOS currently has a CSMA MAC
Hope to improve throughput by employing TDMA
Time is divided into transmission periods and contention periods
Nodes will contend with each other to join “the transmission
group” during the contention period.
– Nodes in the transmission group will be allocated a time-slot in
the transmission period.
• Development of data storage engine optimized for fast
retrieval
Thank you..