Transcript Slide 1

ACP SUGAR RESEARCH PROGRAMME
MID-TERM REVIEW WORKSHP
1 – 4 OCTOBER 2012
MSIRI, MAURITIUS
Future Orientations of Research and Development for
Sugar Cane Industries of ACP States
Jean Claude Autrey
Chair, ACP Scientific Committee on Sugar
& Scientific Advisory Group on Sugar
ACP Member States: 79
Sugar Producing States: 38
Sugar Protocol Members: 19
Sugar Protocol Members
Barbados, Belize, Côte-d'Ivoire, DRC, Fiji, Guyana, Jamaica, Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mauritius, St. Kitts & Nevis, Surinam, Swaziland, Tanzania, Trinidad &
Tobago, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Non Sugar Protocol Members
Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Congo (Brazzaville), Cuba, Dominican Republic,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinée, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Samoa,
Sénégal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan,
Sugar Production (1990-2010)
16
Million tonnes, raw value
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
ACP Non-Protocol
2002
2004
ACP Protocol
2006
2008
2010
Top ACP - Protocol Producers
Swaziland 658
Other 1,544
Kenya 587
Mauritius 486
Zimbabwe 299
Malawi 321
Zambia 341
‘000 tonnes, raw value
Average 2008-2010
Top ACP -
Non-Protocol Producers
Other 633
Uganda 301
Ethiopia 329
South Africa 2294
Dominican
Republic 514
Sudan 801
Cuba 1193
‘000 tonnes, raw value
Average 2008-2010
Sugar Exports
12
Million tonnes, raw value
10
8
6
4
2
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
ACP Non-Protocol
2002
2004
ACP Protocol
2006
2008
2010
Top ACP -
Protocol Exporters
Mauritius 418
Other 603
Swaziland 389
Mozambique 159
Fiji 179
Zambia 220
Guyana 212
‘000 tonnes, raw value
Average 2008-2010
Top ACP -
Non Protocol Exporters
Other 134
Uganda 81
Sudan 113
South Africa 722
Dominican
Republic 218
Cuba 574
‘000 tonnes, raw value
Average 2008-2010
ACP % Global Sugar Production
16
% global sugar production
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
ACP Non-Protocol
ACP Protocol
ACP Total
ACP % Global Sugar Exports (1990-2010)
40
35
% global exports
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
ACP Non-Protocol
2000
2002
2004
ACP Protocol
2006
2008
ACP Total
2010
Intra-ACP Collaboration on R&D
ACP SUGAR RESEARCH PROGRAMME
VALUE EURO 13 M IS UNIQUE
BUT
LESSONS LEARNED FROM FIRST R & D PROGRAMME
1. Lengthy process
2. Complex procedures for project proposal preparation
3. Difficulties in meeting criteria set for evaluation of projects
4. Delay in signature of contracts with research centres
5. Stringent criteria for procurement of equipment and
services
ACP SUGAR CANE PRODUCING COUNTRIES
1. Diverse
2. Geographically dispersed
3. Various stages of development:
- Elementary
- Advanced
- Efficient/Inefficient
4. High cost of production
5. Simple products: raw sugar
6. Diversified products: refined sugar, speciality sugars, electricity,
bioethanol, other chemicals
7. Lack of research infrastructure in general
BUT
High productivity of cane and sugar , especially under irrigated conditions
ACP SUGAR CANE PRODUCING COUNTRIES
CHALLENGES
1. Lowering cost of production
2. Increasing productivity
3. Broadening range of products
4. Adding value to co-products
5. Meeting environmental norms
6. Ensuring sustainable production
7. Ensuring efficient management and technology transfer
8. Taking advantage of advances in science and technology
9. Coping with societal issues
ACP SUGAR CANE PRODUCING COUNTRIES
SOCIETAL ISSUES
1. Need for increased food production
2. Need for clean energy from renewable sources
3. Need for low carbon economy
4. Need to cope with climate change
ACP SUGAR CANE PRODUCING COUNTRIES
Research needed to address the challenges and societal issues
Wide consultation with researchers across the world both in ACP and
other countries including Australia, France, Brazil
Future orientations grouped along 10 avenues:
- Crop improvement
- Biotechnology
- Crop protection
- Crop management
- Environment
- Sustainability
- Factory and refining
- Energy
- Co-Products
- Management and capacity building
What cane variety for the future ?
• Normal cane (current)
• High quality cane
• High fibre cane
• Energy cane
Breeding for biomass
Different scenarii
Commercial
Variety
High quality
variety
High fibre
variety
Energy
Cane
10 - 12% fibre
17 - 22% pol
20 - 30% fibre
>30% fibre
Sugar
+
bagasse
for electricity
+ ethanol
More sugar
+
more bagasse
for electricity
+ ethanol
Sugar
+
much more bagasse
for electricity
+ ethanol
Increasing fibre content
Introgression from wild species
No sugar
Ethanol/rum
Electricity
BREEDING FOR BIOMASS
New variety development initiative to meet future challenges
CROP IMPROVEMENT
Breeding
• Breeding for energy canes
– High fibre
– Tolerant to abiotic constraints
– Usable sucrose
• Breeding for marginal areas
• Breeding for drought tolerance
• Development of computer systems
Breeding/biotechnology
• Develop biotechnology laboratories on a
regional basis in Africa, the Caribbean and
Pacific for
– Fingerprinting varieties for precise identification
– Diagnostic testing for disease identification
– Diagnostic testing of insect pests
– Support to quarantine and safe movement of
germplasm
– Production of GM canes
CROP PROTECTION
Entomology
• Elaboration of a sugar cane biosecurity programme
• Setting up of a central biological control facility for Africa
• Integrated pest management: optimisation of ecological
processes
Pathology
• Metagenomics to identify the genomes of all viruses that
inhabit sugar cane
• Multiplex diagnosis of diseases using DNA microarray and
PCR.
• Development of mini-setts as planting material
CROP MANAGEMENT
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•
•
•
Soils
Water
Environment
Sustainability
Soils
• Management of salinity and sodic soils
Water
• Water management, particularly efficient use
of irrigation water
• Management of drainage
• Assess impacts of projected climate change
scenarios on water availability
Environment
• Green cane harvesting: need for machines for
small scale outgrowers
• Quantification of GHGs released/sequested
under a range of sugar production systems
• Improve and simplify carbon footprint
estimation by sugar cane growers
Sustainability
• Investigate new farming systems that reduce costs,
improve sustainability of soils, minimise water usage,
and facilitate harvesting
• Investigate methods to reduce input costs of
fertilisers, herbicides and energy
• Assess agricultural challenges associated with
delivering additional fibre for cogeneration
Factory / Refining
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•
•
•
•
Reducing costs of production.
Reducing agricultural pollution.
Managing water utilisations.
Coping with high fibre cane
Using computer models to investigate season length, cane
payment systems, incentives to produce specific cane qualities.
• Using network analysis to study integrated production systems.
• Investigate green chemistry and green technology.
• Investigate refining decolourisation processes, back end refining
and producing plantation white sugar without using sulphur.
ADDING VALUE TO THE RENEWABLE BIOMASS INDUSTRY
Ethanol
carin1924
Ethanol Car
1925
Energy / Co-products
• No research needed for bioethanol production and electricity cogeneration:
purchase of turn key projects.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Adding value to molasses (instead of spraying on roads): animal feed
Trash collection, transport and separation.
Saving/economising energy.
Adding value to mill mud, ash, effluent water and vinasse
Adding value to ethanol with the production of organic substances.
Use of sucrose to produce high value co-products.
Bagasse pelleting
• Torrefaction and Gasification of bagasse
• Cellulosic fermentation
• Use of energy crops: sweet sorghum, sugar cane relatives and woody species:
Eucalyptus
• Use of woodchips as fuel in factories close to wood processing industries especially
outside cane crop season for year round electric production.
MANAGEMENT
• Training in technology transfer, followed by transfer
of technology to farmers on small holdings
• Supply chain optimisation involving length of milling
season, cane payments and incentives to deliver
different cane components
• Use of a Network Analysis package to analyse
complex systems
• Improve safety on both the factory floor and cane
farm.
• Training in applied statistics
NEW R & D PROGRAMME
• To be elaborated along four main avenues:
- Enhanced production
* New varieties and new canes
* Disease and pest control
* Novel methods of bulking new cane germplasm
- Sustainable production
* Soil management
* Water management
* Alleviation of climate change
* Coping with environmental norms
NEW R & D PROGRAMME
- Improved Processes
* Milling of new canes
* Improving milling and refining processes
* Managing integrated production system
- Value Addition
* Use of total cane biomass
* Second generation of products: cellulosic ethanol,
gasification and torrefaction of bagasse
* High value organic substances
* Exploitation of other energy crops
All four avenues imply better management, capacity building,
supply chain optimization, quality control, etc…
NEXT STEPS
The obvious
• Build up on the achievements of the First
ACP R & D programme and lessons learned
e.g. new hybrids, early canes, safe germplasm
exchange, resource management, optimisation of
energy use, environmental norms, sustainability
NEXT STEPS
The obvious
• Elaboration of broad themes by ACP Sugar Research Committee
• Prioritisation of projects through discussions with ACP researchers
and others
• Preparations of outlines of research project proposals
• Interaction with donor agencies for funding: EU, etc…
Taking advantage of Euro 7 billion under EU’s Seventh Framework
Programme for Research to boost up innovation as per press
release of 20 July 2011. Euro 265 million reserved for
environmental research to address climate change, etc…
• Promote capacity building through provision or sponsorship of
training in R&D work, sugar technology (raw and refining),
laboratory operations and in any other relevant field
NEXT STEPS
The less obvious
Investigate possibilities of developing new, simple R&D
facilities, particularly in Africa
- This could involve participation / co-opting of qualified
outsiders
for specific projects
Creation of regional centres for specific objectives: biological
control, disease diagnosis, co-product valorisation, bioenergy,
biotechnology, sustainability, etc… (could be units within
established centres)
NEXT STEPS
GETTING ORGANIZED THROUGH NETWORKING
International Consortium for Sugarcane Biotechnology - (ICSB)
International Sugar Cane Biomass Utilization Consortium (ISBUC)
Brazilian Consortium for Bagasse Gasification – BIOSYNGAS
ISSCT
International Consortium for
Sugarcane Biotechnology - (ICSB)
1988-1989 : Informal agreement between HSPA & CTC (Brazil) to
jointly fund a research project
1991 : Agreement to form a group to jointly sponsor research
projects (4 countries, 7 institutions)
1992 : Formalization of the ICSB - 10 members
2011 : ICSB has 19 members from 13 countries
Member countries:
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
France, Guatemala, India, Mauritius, Philippines,
South Africa, USA, West Indies
International Consortium for
Sugarcane Biotechnology- (ICSB)
1998-2010:
29 research projects funded for > US $ 5 000 000
Membership fee:
US $ 2 000 annually
Meetings:
One business meeting held annually
Members who do not sponsor a specific project are not
entitled to its results, however can join in at a later stage
but with a higher fee involved
ISSCT
International Sugar Cane Biomass Utilization Consortium (ISBUC)
Members of ISBUC participants in gasification of bagasse project
- Associação Brasileira de Luz Síncrotron (ABTLuS ) - Brazilian Association for
Synchrotron Light Technology, Brazil
- Cosan S/A Industria E Comercio, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira (CTC), Brazil
- Dedini S/A Indústrias De Base, Brazil
- eRcane, Reunion
- Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de Sao Paulo - SA (IPT), Brazil
- Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Centre, Thailand
- Omnicane, Mauritius
- South African Sugar Association (SASA)
-Sugar Milling Research Institute (SMRI), South Africa
- Sugar Research Ltd, Australia
Brazilian Consortium for Bagasse Gasification – BIOSYNGAS
Government: Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil
Research entities
• Public
Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológias do Estado de São Paulo (IPT)
Escola Superior de Agronomia Luis de Queiroz (ESALQ)
•Private
Centro de Technologia Canavieira (CTC) – R&D for 160 mills
Sugar cane industry
COSAN (23 mills, 60 million tonnes of cane)
Private Sector: Others
Petrobras – oil & biofuels
Brasken - chemicals
Oxyteno – gas
Vale Soluções em Energia (VSE) – Energy equipment
Banks: Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social
Budget: USD 50 M
Duration: 5 years
Date of initiation: 1 January 2012
BIOMASS UTILIZATION FOR GENERATION OF SUGAR AND COPRODUCTS
co2
Sugar exports
Food
products
Cane and trash
Ethanol
Ethanol
distillery
Cogeneration
plants
Leaves & trash
Steam and
electricity
Steam & electricity
Molasses
Biofertilizers
Bagasse and trash
Sugar
factory
Cane juice
Cane
biomass
Biofertilizers
Biotechnology
tools
Solvents
Bioplastic
factory
Bioplastics
FUTURE EVOLUTION OF THE SUGAR CANE INDUSTRY
co2
Sugar exports
Food
products
Cane and trash
Ethanol
Bagasse and trash
Cogen.
plants
Leaves & trash
Steam and
electricity
Steam & electricity
Molasses
Biofertilizers
Sugar
factory
Cane juice
Cane
biomass
Biofertilizers
Biotechnology
tools
Ethanol
distillery
Solvents
Bioplastic
factory
Bioplastics
S
U
G
A
R
C
R
O
P
S
Sweet sorghum
Fibre Crops
E-Grass (Miscanthus giganteus), Giant Reed (Arundo donax), Switch grass
(Panicum virgatum), Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum)
Acacia (Leucaena spp), Eucalyptus (Eucaliptus cinerea)
MISCANTHUS
Sugar cane provides sustainability through:
- Employment
- Net export earnings
- Avoidance of fossil fuel import
- Cheaper electricity
- Carbon sequestration
- Assignments for service industry
- Low pollution load
- Soil conservation
- Greenery for landscaping
- Broad land ownership
Dancing naked
in the mind field
Dr Kary Mullis
“ There is a very
important rule in
evolution. Don’t trouble
yourself with details
that do not matter for
survival. Who ever can
do something more
efficiently, survives.”
Page 157
Conclusions



The world will need more food (sugar)
The world will need more clean renewable and sustainable energy (ethanol,
electricity)
The world will need a low carbon economy
Energy
Food
Sugar
cane
Low Carbon
SURPRISING
ASPECTS OF
BIOMASS
TOO MUCH
SUGAR &
ETHANOL ??!!
J. MAURICE PATURAU
23.04.1916 – 27.06.1996
Grand Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur
Chevalier de l’Ordre de la Libération
Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC)
Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE)
Grand Officer of the Order of Star and Key of the Indian Ocean (GOSK)
By-Products of the cane sugar industry:
An introduction to their industrial utilization, 1969
Thank you
Electricity
Ethanol
Sugar
Bioplastics
Green Cement
Carbon Credits