Transcript Potato psyllid

TOMATO POTATO PSYLLID
IMPACT OF PSYLLID ON POTATO
PRODUCTION IN NEW ZEALAND
Monty Spencer
A S Wilcox & Sons Ltd
Stephen Ogden
Market Access Solutionz Ltd
PSYLLID IN NEW ZEALAND
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NZ potato industry
Timeline since psyllids found
Impacts on industry
Research & extension programme
A S Wilcox Reaction
POTATOES IN NZ
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10,500 ha (26,000 acres)
500,000 tonnes
290 growers
Varieties
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Processing –
Fries: Moonlight, Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, Bondi etc
Crisps: Fianna, Fraser, Lady Rosetta, Snowden, Ivory Crisp etc
Table: Nadine, Frisia, Rua, Desiree, Karaka, Agria, Red Rascal, Ilam
Hardy, Draga etc
Pukekohe
Waikato
Ohakune
Hawkes Bay
Manawatu
Canterbury
TIMELINE SINCE PSYLLID FOUND
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2006 - Tomato potato psyllid
(TPP)(Bactericera cockerelli) detected in
Auckland
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In greenhouse tomato crop
Survey detected psyllid in more greenhouse tomato
crops, capsicum & volunteer potatoes
Psyllid sugars, yellowing
Determined to be too widespread to be eradicated
Over to industry to manage
2007-8
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Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum
detected in greenhouses
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Death of tomato plants
Minor damage in peppers
Export markets closed
Impacts on pepper, tomato & potato exports
TPP confirmed to be the vector
Little impact in potato industry in 2008 harvest
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Detected in research potato crops
2008-9 SEASON
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Things became serious…
And confusing
2008-9 SEASON
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Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense detected
in potatoes – early 2009
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Native species – cabbage tree decline
Symptoms similar to potato purple top & stolbur
Causes grapevine yellows in Australia
Assumed to be causing damage in potatoes
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Plant hopper vector
Did psyllid have a role too?
PHYTOPLASMA ?
2008-9 SEASON
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Phytoplasma coincided with onset of serious
damage caused by psyllid yellows and
Liberibacter
Confusion of symptoms and causes
Full impact of the psyllid/ Liberibacter /
Phytoplasma was realised
Diagnostics
2009-10 SEASON
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Better prepared?
New advisory materials to growers
Series of workshops pre-season
Research programme underway
Psyllid monitoring
Diagnostics
2010-11 Season
Had considerably better handle on the problem
 Psyllid Monitoring
 Diagnostics
 Series of workshops pre & during season
 Refinement of Research Programme
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 Plant
Protectants
 Beneficals
 Spray coverage
PSYLLID MONITORING 2009-10
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Nadine Berry, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln
Peak numbers of adult
psyllids per trap site
(ave) per week 200910
90/ trap
28/ trap
500/ trap
42/ trap
5/trap
Peak ave numbers of
adult psyllids per trap
per week 2010-11
268/ trap
6/ trap
130/ trap
323/ trap
15/trap
National TPP monitoring
350.00
300.00
Average # TPP / trap
250.00
Northland
Pukekohe
Waikato
Hawkes Bay
Manawatu
North Canterbury
Mid Canterbury
South Canterbury
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
Date
COST TO INDUSTRY
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2008-9 cost to industry $46 million
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Reduced yield
Rejects from processing
Additional control costs (too late to save crops)
2009-10
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High psyllid numbers
Continued rejection or downgrading by processors
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Zebra chip
Low solids
COSTS 2009-10
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No devastating crop losses
Increased insecticide costs
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Est NZ$ 700/ha (US$200/ acre) average
Increased application costs
New equipment – increased spray frequency
COSTS 2010-11
No devastating crop losses
 Increased insecticide costs but less than
previous season
 Damage still evident in factory
 Effect on yields & perhaps solids
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RESEARCH ROADMAP
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Purpose:
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To confirm research direction
Ensure no gaps in research or funding
PRE-PLANT
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Decision guides
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Seed selection criteria*
Site selection and management*
PRE-HARVEST
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Low-cost diagnostics
Effective control – insecticides & coverage*
Monitoring & action thresholds
BCAs & IPM
Host plants & cultural management
Alternative vectors and management
Seed transmission – Liberibacter & Phytoplasma
Role of Liberibacter & Phytoplasma in management*
Resistant varieties*
POST-HARVEST
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Working to identify what needs to be done
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Detect/ segregate defects at harvest
Techniques to detect / segregate in factory
Improved methods to process defect tubers
RESEARCH OUTCOMES TO DATE
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Grower summary in “Psyllid News”
PSYLLID RESPONSE - EXTENSION
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Psyllid News
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Primary means of
communicating new
research outcomes
Quarterly publication
www.potatoesnz.co.nz
PSYLLID RESPONSE - EXTENSION
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“Psyllid Coordinator” role established
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Grower materials – guidelines on:
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Research coordination
Liaison between scientists & growers
Psyllid / Liberibacter / Phytoplasma complex
Control
Monitoring
Hosts
Grower field days and meetings
A S WILCOX REACTION
Growing Seasons:
 2008/9 Emerging issue but not a major for us:
Industry “Normal Insecticide Programme”
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 Planter
insecticide
 Pre-harvest insecticides – PTM
 Sometimes aphids from mid season
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Irrigation used to try & avoid stressed plants
REACTION CONTINUED
2009/10 Growing Season
 Spraying weekly fungicides
 Started spraying weekly with insecticides
 Typical Programme
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 Pre-plant
Actara
 Early Emg – Confidor
 Every 7 days: Movento 2*, Avid, Oil, Oberon 2*,
Avid, Oil, Tamaron, Karate, Alternating Total 18
sprays
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Control
REACTION CONTINUED
2010/11 Growing Season
 Industry monitoring, Commercial Monitoring
 Pre-plant – Actara
 50% Canopy or on 1st sight: Movento, 2 wks
later Movento, 2 wks later Avid, 1 wk later
Oberon, 2wks later Oberon, 2 wks later
Tamaron/Karate alternating. Total 8-10 sprays
 Excellent Control
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Monty Spencer
[email protected]
Stephen Ogden