Transcript Slide 1

www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
Brazil’s Zero Hunger Programme
Jose Graziano Da Silva
Brussels Policy Development Briefing no.23
Brussels, 15Th June 2011
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
BRAZIL 2010
Population (est.): 190 million people
Area: 8.5 million km²
26 states, 5,564 municipalities and the Federal
District
GDP = US$ 2.02 trillion
GDP per capita : U$ 10,471
Gini Index (2009): 0.493
[email protected]
www.grazianodasilva.org
Brazil 2002
•
•
•
•
Population 175 million
GDP growth 1.9% per annum
GDP per capita (PPP) $7,400
Gini Coefficient 0.596
Brazil was a major exporter of food to the rest of the
world, but surveys showed about that about 50
million Brazilians were suffering from chronic
hunger
[email protected]
www.grazianodasilva.org
Brazilian income inequality has decreased
Evolução da desigualdade na renda domiciliar per capita segundo o
coeficiente de Gini: Brasil, 1976 a 2008
0.64
0.634
0.623
0.62
0.623
0.615
0.612
Coeficiente de Gini
0.604
0.602
0.60
0.589
0.594
0.596
0.599
0.599
0.600
0.594
Média
0.593
0.592
0.588
0.58
0.598
0.600
0.587
0.587
0.582
0.581
0.580
0.569
0.566
0.560
0.56
0.552
0.544
Mínimo
0.54
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
Anos
Fonte: Estimativas produzidas com base na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 1976 a 2008.
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
[email protected]
www.grazianodasilva.org
Evolução temporal da extrema pobreza: Brasil, 1990 a 2008
Porcentagem de extremamente pobres (%)
26
24
22,9
22
22,1
22,6
20
17,8
17,4
18
17,3
16
17,5
17,4
17,7
15,1
16,8
16,5
13,3
14
1,7 p.p./ano
12
o
1 Objetivo do Milênio
10
10,8
10,3
8,8
8
6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Ano
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
January 2003
Lula launches Zero Hunger Programme
“If, at the end of my term in office, all Brazilians can
have three meals a day, I will have fulfilled my
mission in life”
Zero Hunger Programme focuses on improving
nutrition as the entry point for rapid poverty
reduction, social inclusion, improved health and
education, and better living conditions for rural
people involved in food production
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
Zero Hunger Programme
• Improves access of the poor to adequate food and nutrition
– Food card for poorest families (later converted to Bolsa Familia)
– School meals
– Emergency feeding
• Harnesses extra demand to boost small-scale farming
– Credit, extension and public sector food purchase
– Rural water supply (“cisternas”)
• Addresses structural causes of food insecurity
– Land reform; links to macro-economic policies (e.g. minimum wage)
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
PROGRAMS AND ACTIONS
1. Food Access
• Income: Bolsa Família
• Food Programs:
School Meals
Food to Specific Population Groups
Food and Nutrition Education
Food and Nutrition Monitoring/ Planning
Workers’ Canteens
2. Strengthening of Family Agriculture
• Financing for Small-Scale Farming
• Food Acquisition Program (PAA)
• Local and Regional SAN Networks: Popular Restaurants,
Community Kitchens, Fairs, Urban Agriculture and Food Banks
• Water: Cisterns
3. Income Generation
• Social and Professional Qualification: PLANSEC / Bolsa Família
• Solidarity Economy and Productive Inclusion
• Oriented Productive Microcredit
•SAN Regional Arrangements:
CONSADs, Territory of Citizenship
4. Mobilization and social oversight
• Social Oversight and Committees
• Citizenship Education and Social Mobilization
• prívate sector Donations
• Partnerships with enterprises and entities
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
Evolution of Zero Hunger Programme
• Amalgamation of food card and other grants in single
conditional social protection programme - Bolsa
Familia
• Management passed from Special Ministry to
Ministry for Social Development
• Major policy formulation and monitoring role for
National Council for Food and Nutrition Security
(CONSEA), including civil society
• Incorporation of Right to Food in Constitution
• School meals law requires 30% of food purchases
from small-scale farmers
[email protected]
www.grazianodasilva.org
Bolsa Familia Coverage and Financial
Resource Allocation
7.70 bi
US$ 8.00
7.00 bi
US$ 7.2
6.23 bi
US$ 6.00
5.29 bi
4.58 bi
US$ 5.00
4.00 bi
3.29 bi
US$ 3.80
US$ 2.00
US$ 0.8
US$ 0.00
1.88 bi
[email protected]
www.grazianodasilva.org
Some Results
Results
Reduction of poverty and inequality
Data
•Achievement of MDG target 1
•19.4 million out of extreme poverty
•Poverty – below $2 (PPP) drops to 10%
- below $1.25 (PPP) drops to 4%
.Increase in mean income of extreme poor: 48.6%
•Decrease of Inequality: from 2001 to 2008, the income of
the bottom 10% grew six times faster than the top 10% .
•Gini Coefficient improved: from 0.59 to 0.54
Food and nutritional security
Reduction of malnutrition among 0-5 year-olds, from 12.5%
to 4.8% (2003-2008)
Reduction of the risk of child labor
Age 5 to 15 years: from 7.5% to 5.8% (2003-2008)
Conditionality's
Lower truancy rates among PBF beneficiaries (3.6% in
Primary School and 7.2% in Secondary School)
provided resilience to global
financial and economic crises
Cost: Cash transfers represent 3% of national GDP.
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
Next Steps in Brazil
”BRAZIL WITHOUT POVERTY”
Launched June 2011
Focus on 16.2 million still in extreme poverty
Expand cash transfer (Bolsa Familia) to 800,000 more families
Better access to education, health, sanitation, water, electricity
Skills training (incl. rubbish pickers)
Expand funding for input and marketing programmes for ultra-poor farmers
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
Lessons for Other Countries
•Be bold: aim for full and lasting hunger eradication
•Make ending hunger central element of national policy:
Ensure participation of all sectors; engage civil society
•Understand why and where people are hungry
•Accept that agricultural growth alone will not cut hunger
•Use targeted social protection for families via women, as entry point
•Use extra food demand to stimulate small-scale farm growth
•Begin to address structural issues
•Assure sustainability through legislation on right to food
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
Conclusions
• Lula’s goal not yet met, but rapid progress towards ending
chronic hunger and malnutrition achieved
• Social protection is high return investment in human capital –
not charity
• With the right policies, hunger reduction can drive small-scale
agricultural development
• Linking hunger reduction and agricultural development
generates big economic benefits, where most needed
• Improves income distribution and resilience to shocks
• Makes political sense in democracies
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
Lula’s Assessment
I think that it is great that people finally
understand that making the poor less poor is
good for the economy. They become
customers, they go to the shopping malls,
they buy items that only the middle class
could before
[email protected]
www.grazianodasilva.org
Thanks!!!
Jose Graziano Da Silva
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
[email protected]
www.grazianodasilva.org
Conditionalities Bolsa Familia Program(BFP)
AREA
HEALTH
CONDITIONALITY
following vaccination calendar, children´s
growth and development
Pre-birth and nursing health care
EDUCATION
TARGET
children under age
7.
Pregnant women
and nursing
mothers.
school registration and monthly attendance children and
(minimum 85%)
teenagers between
age 6-15.
school registration and monthly attendance
(minimum 75%)
SOCIAL
Social, educational and community activities
PROTECTION
(Child Labor Eradication Program)
16-17 year-olds.
children up to
age15.
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
A typical beneficiary family BFP
• Lives in the urban area of a Northeastern, in its own house
• Is headed by a black woman, aged 37, self-employed, not covered
by social insurance, with incomplete basic schooling.
• Familly has four people.
• Was registered and granted a benefit in Bolsa Família in 2006
• Its children attend public schools and are currently behind in school
• Earns a monthly per capita income of US$ 26.18
• Receives a financial benefit of US$ 60.00
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
Bolsa Família Program Outcomes
• Reduction in income inequality
– 21% of the reduction achieved in income inequality was due to BFP
(2004-2006).
Soares et alii, 2006.
• Extreme poverty
– BFP explains 18% of the reduction in the poverty gap and a quarter of
the reduction in the square poverty gap (from 5.9% to 4.6%)
Soares and Satyro, 2009.
– In 2009, 4.3 million out of 12.4 million beneficiary families have
crossed the extreme poverty line (US$ 41.18 per capita monthly) by
receiving the financial benefits
Senarc, 2010.
• Impact of the financial benefits over the per-capita monthly income
– Median increase of income: 48.7% (from US$ 28.64 to US$ 42.60),
which allows families to cross the extreme poverty threshold
– Increase of 60% in the monthly per-capita income in North and
Northeastern areas
SENARC, 2010.
www.grazianodasilva.org
[email protected]
Bolsa Família Programme Outcomes
• Impacts on health
– Increase of child immunization rates (15-25 pp, according to the
vaccine).
– Beneficiary pregnant women have 1.5 as many pre-natal doctor
attendances as non-beneficiaries with the same social and economic
profile
– probability of being born full term is 14.1 pp higher for children in
families that receive the benefit.
Bolsa Familia Impact Evaluation Research, 2010.
• Impacts on education
– Increase of 4.4 pp in school attendance of 6-17 year-old children
– Increase of 6 pp in school promotion of 6-17 year-old beneficiary
children
Bolsa Familia Impact Evaluation Research, 2010.
– Bolsa Familia students show lower drop-out rates than students of
public schools
Source: Education Ministry (MEC)