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National Communications Forum:
Session T-01
Fundamentals of Broadband Access
Session: T-01
Tuesday, October 17
Judith Hellerstein, President
Hellerstein & Associates
2400 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 1023C
Washington, DC 20037
Phone: (202) 333-6517 Fax: (509) 355-9792
[email protected]
www.jhellerstein.com
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Outline


What is Broadband?
Technology Drivers: The Shift Towards Data
 Broadband Applications


Broadband Demand
Four Access Technologies
 DSL, Cable Modem, Fixed Wireless, Satellite


Benefits of Broadband Access
Download and Performance Comparison Information
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What is Broadband?
DSL: 386K-7 Mb
 Cable: Averages at 1 Mb
 Fixed Wireless: 10Mb/s - 10Gb/s
 Satellite: 300K- 2Mb

Need is 10x to 100x higher bit rate than today’s offerings
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The Internet will be THE Information and
Communication Platform for the Future
World Internet Users
world total
667
700.0
MIDEAST
EASTERN EUROPE
600.0
514
LATIN AMERICA
ASIA / PACIFIC
500.0
WESTERN EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA
400.0
Mil.
264
300.0
200.0
51
100.0
5
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
year
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
0.0
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Technology Drivers: The Shift Towards Data
 Strong
Demand for Broadband access from
Residential, SOHO, and Business
 High speed Internet Access
Super-fast Web browsing
Almost instantaneous file downloading
Streaming video/audio
Voice over DSL
E-commerce
Distance Learning
Content Delivery
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Technology Drivers: The Shift Towards Data
(continued)
 Educational/Health Services
 Work-at-Home
Telecommuting
Telephony
Small Office / Home Office
Teleconferencing
Remote video monitoring
Intranet
Internet
Other Business Applications, e.g., Voice over DSL
Remote LAN Access through VPNs
Demand for Hosted Applications
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Technology Drivers: The Shift Towards Data
(continued)
 Entertainment
Video services
Movies
Games
 Additional Voice Lines
VoDSL
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2003: Broadband Demand
More than 60% of all Internet access will be
through broadband:DSL, Cable or Wireless
 More than half of all broadband access will
be through DSL
 One in four users will be in smaller markets
 Strong demand in small, midsize and semirural markets

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Four Access Technologies
DSL
 Cable Modems
 Fixed Broadband Wireless
 Satellite

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Standards Based Access Solutions

Benefits of using a standards-based solution
 Lack of standards leads to market fragmentation, low volumes, and
high cost
 Promotes interoperability of technologies and devices and leads to
increased customer choice
 Allows the market to provide more product and supplier alternatives
than possible without a standard
 Helps focus industry on resolving other challenges necessary to reach
mass deployment
 Lowers costs to suppliers and to consumers
 Increases choice of providers and greater selection of products
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Interoperability


Interoperability is key, both among different technologies and among
equipment providers
In each of the access technologies there are groups actively working on
interoperability.
 DSL: DSL Forum
 University of New Hampshire’s Interoperability lab
 Both UNH www.iol.unh.edu/consortiums/index.html and the DSL Forum,
www.dslforum.org, hold frequent plugfests to test interoperability of equipment and
technology amongst a large collection of companies in the same room
 Open DSL Consortium
 Cable: Cable Labs
 Fixed Wireless: Wireless DSL Consortium

Interoperability is a critical first step in getting to certification
 Service providers need to provide deployment models so that products can
be tested and certified
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DSL Forum


DSL Forum Interoperability Working Group and the UNH
Interoperability Lab hold frequent plugfests
G8 Interoperability Group 8, Members working to develop a long term
framework for accelerating interoperability and providing leadership at
ongoing plugfests
 Developed a framework for facilitating interoperability and driving
towards certification
 Testing is currently taking place on an accelerated schedule
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Cable Labs

A non-profit research and development consortium that
represents cable TV operators. Ongoing Projects include:
 Cable Modem
 DOCSIS Project defined the requirements for high speed access over cable
modems
 Open cable
 Produced a series of specifications that define all next generation set-top boxes &
other digital devices used by cable operators
 Created a process & the facilities to test and certify for interoperability Open
cable devices
 Packet cable
 A process for delivering interoperable specifications for delivering advanced realtime multimedia services over two-way cable plant
 In-home networking
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Wireless DSL Consortium

New group formed in July 2000 and composed of Fixed
Broadband Wireless equipment and chip manufacturers,
system integrators, and service providers whose goals are:
 To define, develop, and implement a set of open interfaces for
MMDS products.
 Enable quality of service control to the end-user
 Improve Wireless broadband coverage to non line-of-sight customers
 Create protocol specifications, interoperability standards, and
validation methods for testing of new standard
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Spectrum Compatibility and Management

Along with Interoperability, Spectrum
Compatibility and Management is a crucial issue
that needs to be addressed for all access
technologies
Development of spectrum compatibility standards is
critical for DSL and is essential to reduce cross talk and
other forms of spectrum interference
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DSL Flavors


Eight Flavors of DSL
Each flavor is dependent on:
 The
distance between the end user and the central office.
 The DSL equipment used

DSL functionality is determined by the chipset that
is included in the flavor offered.
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Standards Based DSL Variants

Standards Based DSL Variants
Asymmetric and Symmetric
ADSL and G.Lite
HDSL2 and G. Shdsl

Non-standards based DSL
RADSL, SDSL, HDSL, IDSL, and VDSL
Propreitary solutions
Nortel One Meg Modem
Paradyne’s Reach DSL
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DSL Flavors
 ADSL
 The most popular DSL technology. Can be either splitter or splitterless from
384k to 7 Mb
 ADSL-Lite or G.Lite
 A stripped down version of ADSL that was meant for consumers that offers a
lower data rate
 RADSL
 Simply a name given to the rate adaptive feature built into the original ADSL
standard
 SDSL
 A symmetric technology that is vendor specific and proprietary
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DSL Flavors (continued)
 SHDSL
 Emerging ITU standard (G.shdsl)
 Spectrally compatible with ADSL and other technologies
 Rate adaptive form of HDSL2
 Offers superior reach over a single copper pair.
 Decision expected by Feb 2001
 Speeds from 324K to 2.3 Mbps.
 HDSL
 A vendor specific solution used mostly as a replacement for T-1 lines.
 Requires 4-wires or 2 copper pairs
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DSL Flavors (continued)
 HDSL2
 ITU decision on standard expected by the end of 2000
 An improved version of HDSL that requires only one copper pair and no line
conditioning
 Can be deployed out to 24,000 feet from the central office
 ANSI standard symmetric solution that is spectrally compatible with ADSL
 IDSL
 ISDN based low bandwidth solution (144K).
 Original choice of DLECs entering into the market.
 Today used mostly for loops that are too far from the Central Office or are served
through a Digital Loop carrier
 VDSL
 Very High speed DSL that provides ultra-high bandwidth for video delivery
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Cable Modems
Two way Broadband service provided
through local cable operators
 Three main cable Internet providers

@Home
Roadrunner
High Speed Access
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Structure of Networks

Cable networks designed as a tree structure:
Branches of the tree — the pathways into the neighborhood
Leaves — identifying individual households.
Regional
Headends
Fiber
rings
Primary
Hubs
Fiber
rings
Secondary
Hubs
10-20
neighborhood
nodes
Pathways or neighborhood nodes support around 500 or less
homes
Nodes can be split down further to ease congestion
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Cable Modem Speeds

Two-way cable modems provide downstream data rates from
2 to 10 Mbps over a shared connection
 Speeds expected to climb to between 27 Mb and 34 Mbps.


Two way cable plant must have at least 550 MHz to transmit
multiple advanced video and multimedia services.
Majority of upgraded cable plants have 750 MHz, or even
860 MHz to support multimedia services, including true
video-on demand.
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Fixed Broadband Wireless



Wireless Access refers to delivering services using
radio waves rather than copper, fiber, or coax cable.
Can be used as a “last mile” technology for a
network that uses coax and/or fiber cables.
Services available include
Digital info such as voice, video, and data
Broadband access similar to ADSL
Extensions of the PSTN or VPN
Wireless local loop
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Fixed Broadband Wireless Technology

Technology used to deliver wireless access:
 Point-to-point
 Point-to-multipoint
Allows high speed, high capacity two way multimedia service to be
delivered quickly to consumer.

Fixed wireless access uses spectrum between 24-42 GHz
ATM air interface supports voice, data, and video
services
Bandwidth shared among users in a cell
Bandwidth applications from 64K to 155 Mb
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Frequencies

Frequencies available for delivering broadband
Spectrum used is typically above 2 GHz
Lower frequencies — often used for mobile applications
Higher frequencies — often used for fixed wireless access
Fixed Wireless technologies include: LMDS, MMDS, and DEMS
Fixed wireless spectrum lies between 24-42 GHz
Both Licensed and unlicensed bands are available
Unlicensed: 2.5, 5, 18, and 60 GHz bands
(ex. Metricom’s Ricochet)
Licensed: 2.6, 24-26, 28-30, and 38-40 GHz bands
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Fixed Wireless Broadband Access: Providers
and Target Markets

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




Teligent
Winstar
Advanced Radio Telecom
AT&T’s Project Angel
Sprint
WorldCom
Target Markets
 SOHO
 Small Business
 Medium Business
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Benefits of Fixed Broadband Wireless




Provides bandwidth and access speeds equal or greater than ADSL or
cable modems
Can extend the reach of fiber or coax by providing the “last mile” of the
network
Fast market entry for service providers as compared to wired systems
Low startup and entry costs
 Pay as you go approach: carriers only required to add equipment as the
number of users grow


Operator control over facilities
Flexibility of deployment, especially in medium--high population
densities where penetration rates are initially low
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Challenges



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Overcoming line-of-sight limitations
Broadband wireless technology not as well understood as broadband
wired technologies
Although spectrum is available, equipment is not readily available
Technology for the higher frequencies is just now coming to market
 Lack of any high volume production of equipment needed
 155 Mb modems are only produced in low-volume, high-cost production
 Technology for low-cost, high speed burst modems is available but systems
have not been produced.
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Satellites

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Geostationary (GEOs) satellites have a line of sight to almost
every location
Low earth orbit (LEOs) multi satellite systems have a line of
sight to every location above ground
Two way Satellite systems are just being launched
Current data access uses the Ku band of spectrum
Future broadband access will be provided through the use of
the Ka band of spectrum
 Broadband access through Ka spectrum have only been tried in labs and thus
is untested and unproven. Best examples are Teledesic and iSky
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Satellite Providers

Tachyon.net offers three different levels of service
 300K, 800K, and 2Mb
Services sold through ISPs

Gilat-to-Home
Planned deployments by end of the year through VSATs
40Mb outbound, 150K inbound (shared)

Hughes
DirectPC offers a one way broadband service
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Benefits of Broadband Access


High Speed “always on” connections to the Internet
Cost-effective





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Less expensive to deploy than fiber, frame relay, or T-1 services
Operates over ordinary 2-wire phone lines
Does not require huge upfront costs
Users can be added incrementally
Workers no longer need to be located on site to gain access to
corporate LAN
No waiting for connection or busy signals
Faster time to market
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Bandwidth Requirements for
Broadband Applications
Business Applications
Bandwidth Required
Telecomm uting/SOHO
.014-6 Mbs
Internet
.500-1.5 Mbs
Des ktop Video Conferencing
.128-1.5 Mbs
Local Webs ite Hos ting
.5-6 Mbs
Com puter Telephony Integration
.300-1.5 Mbs
Consumer Applications
Bandwidth Required
Internet
.500-1.5 Mbs
Education
.5-6 Mbs
Video on Dem and
3-7 Mbs
Shopping
.500-1.5 Mbs
Interactive Video Games
.300-1.5 Mbs
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Download Comparison
Download Comparison
Complex Image
10 Mb
Modem Type
Typical Download Times
Analog 28.8K
46 Minutes
Analog 56K
24 Minutes
ISDN 128 K
10 Minutes
1.5 Mbs
52 Seconds
Cable Modem (2 Mb)
40 seconds
Dow nload speeds vary depending on a number of factors.
These are just typical speeds as f ound in an October 1999 FCC Broadband report
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Performance Comparison
Avg. Downstream Bit Rate
Cable
300 kbps-1+ mbps
DSL
384-768 kbps
Wireless Broadband
MMDS
Flexible
DEMS
Flexible
LMDS
Flexible
38-39 GHz
Flexible
Avg. Upstream Bit Rate
100-500 kbps
64-128 kbps
Flexible
Flexible
Flexible
Flexible
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Conclusion




Data traffic demand is driving access market to provide highcapacity transport
Limitations of Fiber/DSL technology are driving the
broadband wireless industry
Cost-effectiveness of broadband access
Great market potentials
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Questions, Comments, Suggestions?
Judith Hellerstein, President
Hellerstein & Associates
2400 Virginia Avenue NW Washington, DC 20037
Phone: (202) 333-6517 Fax: (509) 355-9792
[email protected]
www.jhellerstein.com
Thank You
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