Transcript Chapter 2
European Exploration and Settlement
Exploration in the New World
8th Grade Early American History
Preview Activity
You are in a group
You are going to plan a new classroom configuration –
you will get a handout
Make sure you get the appropriate materials from me and
begin when your group is ready.
Preview Debrief
How did you feel during this activity?
Why did you compete with others to claim
furniture?
What were your feelings toward the 1st group that
claimed furniture?
Do you think it was fair that the 1st group was
allowed to claim more furniture than the other
groups? Why or why not?
Debrief on Activity: Comparison of
Activity to New World Exploration
Student Activity
Historical Connection
Groups of Students
Students walked around room to
label furniture
_____________________________
Students labeled furniture
_____________________________
One group had directions that
allowed them to begin labeling
quicker
_____________________________
Other groups rushed to catch up
_____________________________
First group had 30 sticky notes, all
else had less
_____________________________
_____________________________
Preview of Exploration Unit
The Different Countries that Explored the New World
The Reasons for Exploration in the New World
Spain
France
England
The Netherlands
The Effects of Exploration on the New World
Introduction
Europeans are interested in what
is in the East (spices, riches, gold)
Marco Polo got people interested
in moving west
Explorers wanted quickest route to
China and thought about going
west
Discuss….
How did Marco Polo change the world?
Map of Notable Explorers
Spain Starts an Empire
• Renaissance – what is that?
• Made books about the east more popular
• Columbus studied maps and wanted to go
to China by going west
• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
sponsored him
• After a month at sea he found land
• Landed on an island in Caribbean Sea
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- San Salvador (“Holy Savior”)
Thought he had reached Indies –
named native Indians
Taino people – friendly people
Columbus makes 4 trips to new world
Still believed he found Asia, never
knew it was the “new” world.
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Columbus voyage trigger exchange
across the Ocean which still continues
today
Brought corn, potatoes to Europe
Not so good for Natives – brought
germs and diseases to Natives
90% of Native population wiped out by
smallpox and other diseases
SLAVERY COME TO AMERICA
High death rate of natives meant the
Spanish introduced Africans to do the work
Spanish were growing sugar and making a
lot of money off it but needed people to do
the work
Slavery was not new to the world – after wars
the losers or prisoners would be enslaved
For 3 centuries slaves were brought to the
Americas from Africa to work
Conquistador…. Huh?
Russians say cosmonaut, Americans say
astronaut
You say explorer, Spanish say conquistador
After Spain hears about what Columbus
finds people rush to conquer a vast empire
for Spain
Hernan Cortes – 1519 arrive in Mexico with
500 soldiers and a heard of horses
Cortes arrives in Tenochtitlan, the Aztec
capital
“Some of our soldiers asked whether the
things that we saw were not a dream”
Some thought Cortes was their god
Quetzalcoatl and welcomed him
Cortes conquers Tenochtitlan and
re-build it as Mexico City, the
center of the Spanish empire
Another Spaniard - Pizarro
1532 – leads an attack on Inca empire
in what is today Peru
Many Incas had already died due
to Smallpox
Pizzaro captures Atahualpa and says he’ll
release him for gold.
Inca’s fill 3 rooms with gold but Pizarro kills
Atahualpa anyway and takes over the empire
Spaniards are then able to conquer most of South
America
TURN YOUR
TEXTBOOK TO
PAGE 21 AND
YOUR ISN TO
PAGE 8
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER, 19TH
Journal #7 – Write the answer to the following 2.3 review
questions in your journal – Mr. Enz will come check
homework while you do this:
1. Who founded Florida? What was he looking for and
how did he die?
2. What was Coronado looking for? Where did he look?
3. What were Spanish presidios and missions? Why were
they established?
4. What was the relationship between the Natives and
the Spanish like in the Borderlands?
1. Who founded Florida? What was he looking for and
how did he die?
A: Ponce De Leon; Fountain of Youth; Shot through the
Heart - Arrow
2. What was Coronado looking for? Where did he look?
A: 7 Cities of Gold; He looked through much of the US
Great Plains and the Current Day Southwest
3. What were Spanish presidios and missions? Why were
they established?
A: presidios – soldiers lived here – wall forts to protect
Spanish settlements
Missions: established to convert Natives to Christianity
4. What was the relationship between the Natives and the
Spanish like in the Borderlands?
A: Good things: Natives learned how to use new tools and plant
new crops; Spanish learned to plant in the desert
Bad things: Natives were enslaved; beaten if they did not convert
to Christianity and disease killed many natives
SPANISH BORDERLANDS
Spanish find gold and
silver in Mexico and
Peru so they push
northward to part of
present day US
These lands were far
north part of Spain’s
empire so known as
the Spanish
Borderlands
FLORIDA (before the mouse)
Juan Ponce de Leon – looking for fountain of youth.
1513 finds Florida.
Landed Easter Sunday so named it La Florida “flowery
Easter”
8 years later he returns to establish a colony and the
Native used poisoned arrows to drive off
invaders
Ponce de Leon dies from poisonous arrow
SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA
There was a story that there were 7 cities of gold
and jewels
Spanish thought these were somewhere in North
America
Looked for these cities in current day Texas but
found nothing but adventure
Marcos de Niza told people that they found them
in what today is New Mexico (he
was lying!)
CORONADO EXPEDITION
1540 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado goes looking for 7
cities
Travels 7000 miles (2700 driving miles from NYC to
LA!)
Coronado only finds a pueblo village
“little crowded village, all crumpled up together”
Coronado continues traveling all over current day U.S.
never finding the cities.
Settling the Borderlands
By 1600s extended west from Florida across present
day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California
Once Spain realized rest of Europe wanted this land
too they began fighting for it
Presidios – walled forts Spanish explorers lived to
protect Spanish land
St. Augustine, FL – oldest US settlement; Spanish
defend it from French and English
More settling….
Missionaries accompanied soldiers and
tried t o make natives take on the
Christian faith
New Mexico – Spanish try to take over
and are cruel to native Pueblo people
Priest whip the Pueblos who do not
adopt Christian faith
Over time though the Spanish culture
spreads over the American Southwest
Impact on Native Americans
Pueblo people learned how to use new
tools, raise new food, use sheep for
wool
Indians taught Spanish how to grow
crops in the desert
Natives converted their faith
Disease continued to wipe out large
numbers of Natives
ISNs to
Questions
on Page 9
2.2 -2.3 Review
1. Which Spanish explorer was searching for the fountain of
youth? Instead he founded present day where (name of a
state)?
Ponce De Leon; Florida
2. Which Spanish explorer was searching for the Seven Cities of
Cibola?
Coronado
3. What region of present day Florida is the oldest permanent
settlement founded by Europeans in the U.S.?
St. Augustine
4. The Spanish put the Natives to work but many began
dying. What were they dying from (something unknown to
them, brought by Spanish) and who did the Spanish replace
the natives with?
Diseases; Africans
5. Which Spanish conquistador conquered The Aztecs?
Cortez
6. Which Spanish explorer conquered the Incas?
Pizzaro
7. What is the name for the Spanish forts that they built?
Who were the Spanish trying to keep out with these forts?
Presidios; other explorers from other countries
8. What is the name of the present day country that the
Incas inhabited?
Peru
9. What does the name “La Florida” mean?
Flowery Easter
DISCUSS
Who started exploring for France and what was
he originally looking for? Did he find it?
Discuss with your group and nominate a
spokesperson to share your group’s response.
Use page 25 if needed
THE FRENCH
1534 Jacques Cartier explores Atlantic coastline of
North America
Looking for NW passage – this would provide ships a
shortcut to Asia
Claimed Canada for France – named it New France
Beaver Fur – very popular in Europe – made a lot of
money off this
Settling New France
Samuel de Champlain – 1608
Quebec – trading post for explores, soldiers
and trappers
Coureurs de bois – “wood rangers”
Missionaries went with fur trappers to convert
people to Catholicism
Did not get many settlers because the climate
was so harsh
Most people just came looking for fur
DISCUSS
How did the Spanish and the French treat the
natives differently?
What were the French more interested in?
Who did Champlain make friends with and who
were their enemy?
Getting Along With The Natives
Did not try to conquer natives
Worked with them to find more fur
befriended the Huron and
married a Huron woman
He even helped Huron fight the Iroquois –
French and Iroquois would become bitter
enemies
Note page 26 in your book
Champlain
Claiming Louisiana
Father Marquette and Louis Joliet explored
great Mississippi
Thought this would lead to NW passage
Discovered Gulf of Mexico
Robert de La Salle claimed mouth of
Mississippi
Named it Louisiana for King Louis XIV
MARQUETTE
CHAMPLAIN
LASALLE
Turn to ISN page 10
Jamestown – English Colony
John Calbot – Italian living in England
to seek his own voyage
Landed in Newfoundland, off of
Canada
Thought he was in Asia
Later England claims all of N. America
because of the flag Cabot plants
Lost Colony of Roanoke (where did it go?)
Sir Walter Raleigh – Roanoke off current day North
Carolina
Indians helped the settlers
1587 Raleigh sent 2nd group of colonists to Roanoke
Arrived too late to plant crops so John White went
back to England for more supplies
He could not return for 3 years due to fighting
between England and Spain
Colonists had disappeared
CROATOAN
No one knows what it means
Theories on What Happened…
1. One theory about why the Lost Colony disappeared is that
Native American groups in the area may have attacked the
colonists.
2. The second theory about the disappearance of the colonists at
Roanoke Island is that they may have moved to the Chesapeake
Bay area.
3. The third theory for disappearance of the colonists was that
disease or starvation may have struck the settlement
Records show that Virginia Dare was the first English born baby
in America. She was born on August 18, 1587, and was a member
of the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island
Settling Jamestown
1607 London Company settles Virginia
trying to make money
Chose a bad place to settle – swampy and
surrounded by Natives
No one knew how to farm and no one
wanted to work hard
Natives decided they’d rather let English
starve and die than trade with them
John Smith decided to take action
John Smith…
“If you will not work, you
will not eat”
Smith was captured by
Indians
Treated him with a feast
but then prepared to kill
him
Pocahontas saved John
Smith and helped him
get food to his people
Starving Time
1609 – Smith had to return to England
Indians refused to trade while Smith was gone and
English starved
Ate dogs, rats and even other humans to stay alive
Only 60 of the 500 people Smith left remained
alive
That spring 3 more ships arrived with food, more
colonists and supplies
Jamestown was saved again
A little cannibal humor…
Husband to wife: “I don’t like your
mother. “ Wife: “then try the
potatoes”
Wife to Husband “Why did you get
me a subscription to people
magazine?” Husband –”sorry, I
thought it was a cookbook”
Jamestown survives
Lived in fear of Indians
Held Pocahontas captive for a while
She learned English and made new friends
John Rolfe had helped colony survive by
discovering tobacco
Rolfe proposes to Pocahontas
This brings people of Jamestown and the Natives
together
Page 11 in your ISN
New Netherlands - Dutch
Henry Hudson – explore the coastline
farther north than the English
Sailed for the Dutch – looking for the
Northwest Passage
Discovered Hudson River (the one the plane
landed in outside of NYC) for the Dutch
Took up the Fur Trade
Fort Orange – near current day Albany, NY
Relationship with Natives
Peter Minuit – colony’s governor
He wanted natives to be treated kindly
Native didn’t believe anyone could ‘own’
land so they traded for items that were not
more than $24 worth of materials
Dutch allied with the Iroquois
FLASHBACK – who did the French ally
with?
Makes the French and the Dutch rivals
New Amsterdam
Dutch expand their colony.
Peter Stuyvesant becomes the colony’s new
governor – stationed in Manhattan, the
capital
“Peg Leg Pete” or “Old Silvernails” = Peter
People didn’t like him; he governed for 17
years
New York is born
English wanted Dutch gone (they wanted
the land)
King Charles II gave his brother James
ownership of all Dutch land if he could
conquer them
James takes a fleet to New Amsterdam and
took it over without the Dutch firing a shot
English took it over and named it New York
Slide on
over to page
13 in ISN