Honors Chemistry

Transcript Honors Chemistry

Honors Chemistry

Bell Ringers Semester 2 2015

Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni Cation Lab Day!

Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs Make the entry in the Table of Contents Name 1 Period # Honors Chemistry Lab Book 17-19 Group IA & IIA Cations 21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni Cations Lab Page Content 1 Table of Contents 2 Measurements Lab 3-5 Separation of a Mixture 7-9 Percentage of Water 11-15 Flame Test Lab

Bell Ringer

You will be continuing your lab on Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni Cation identification. BEFORE you can begin, your lab must be checked to ensure that it has the following parts:

Questioning: Predicting: Procedure: (check for variables) Safety:

Bell Ringer

This is your Unknown Identification portion of the lab on Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni Cation identification. Be seated and ready for attendance before finishing your lab. Remember that your final sections should have the following parts:

Data & Observations: Calculations & Results: Qualitative!!!

Discussion of Results: Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES

Bell Ringer

This is your final day of the lab on Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni Cation identification. Be seated and ready for attendance before finishing your lab. Remember that your final sections should have the following parts:

Data & Observations: Calculations & Results: Qualitative!!!

Discussion of Results: Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES

Additional Questions

What are names of the following compounds: 1) NaOH 2) NiCl 2 3) MnCl 3 4) FeCl 2 5) CrCl 3

Bell Ringer

If a student is asked to convert 1.75 atm into kPa and mmHg, is the student correct if they conclude that there are 177 kPa and 1300 mmHg? Justify your reasons…

Bell Ringer

Some hydrogen gas is collected over water at 20.0 degrees C. The levels of water inside and outside the gas-collection bottle are the same. The partial pressure of hydrogen is 742.5 torr. What is the barometric pressure at the time the gas was collected?

The answer is 760.0 torr, write an explanation on how to calculate this pressure…

Bell Ringer

Fill out the chart below in your Learning Log:

Boyle’s Law

Gay-Lassac’s Law V1 = V2 T1 T2 P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 Volume is directly proportion to n Ideal Gas Law

Bell Ringer

The volume of a gas is 27.5 ml at 22.0 degrees C and 0.947 atm. What will the volume be at 15.0 degrees C and 0.993 atm?

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Evaluate the following problem. Then determine if the answer provided is correct or incorrect.

At STP, what is the volume of 7.08 mol of Nitrogen gas?

Proposed Answer: 142 L

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What volume of oxygen gas is needed to produce 0.626 L of carbon dioxide gas? Assume all volume measurements are made at the same temperature and pressure.

C 3 H 8 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O

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What pressure, in atm, is exerted by 0.325 mol of hydrogen gas in 4.08 L container at 35 degrees C?

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A gas sample occupies 8.77 L at 20 degrees C. What is the pressure in atm, given that there are 1.45 mol of gas in the sample?

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Finish each of the following statements: _______ Law states that if temperature decreases then volume decreases.

______ Law states that P1V1=P2V2 if the temperature remains constant ______ Law reduces Boyle’s, Charle’s, Gay-Lussac’s and Avogadro’s laws.

______ Law states that if volume increases then number of moles increases.

_____ Law states that if the pressure increases then the volume decreases.

_____ Law states that if volume is constant, pressure increases then temperature increases.

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Write your 8 solubility rules story into your Learning Log…

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What is the molarity of a solution composed of 5.85 g of KI dissolved in enough water to make 0.125 L of solution?

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What is the molality of acetone in a solution composed of 255g of acetone, (CH 3 ) 2 CO, dissolved in 200. g of water?

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Go back to your Bell Ringer for 2-20…Translate the 8 solubility rule hints we practiced in class to what they actually stand for in chemistry.

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How many moles of H 2 SO 4 are present in 0.500 L of a 0.150 M H 2 SO 4 solution?

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Exam 11 & 12

Please pick up your remote that is assigned to your name. You may use scratch paper in the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be ready for the exam to begin.

Bell Ringer

Dissociation is the separation of ions that occurs when ionic compounds dissolve. How many moles of ions are contained in 1 L of a 1 M solution of KCl? Of Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ?

Why do covalent bonds not have dissociation?

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Identify the spectator ions in the reaction between KCl and AgNO 3 in an aqueous solution.

Bell Ringer

Write the equation for the dissolution of each of the following in water, and then indicate the total number of moles of solute ions formed.

a) 0.50 mol strontium nitrate b) 0.50 mol sodium phosphate

Bell Ringer

Write the equation for the dissolution of each of the following in water, and then indicate the total number of moles of solute ions formed.

a) 0.50 mol strontium nitrate Sr(NO 3 ) 2  Sr 2+ + 2NO 3 1.50 moles of ions b) 0.50 mol sodium phosphate Na 3 PO 4  3Na+ + PO 4 3 2.0 moles of ions

Bell Ringer

How does the presence of a nonvolatile solute affect each of the following properties of the solvent in which the solute is dissolved?

a) Vapor pressure b) Freezing point c) Boiling point d) Osmotic pressure

Bell Ringer

How does the presence of a nonvolatile solute affect each of the following properties of the solvent in which the solute is dissolved?

a) Vapor pressure (Lowers) b) Freezing point (Lowers) c) Boiling point (Raises) d) Osmotic pressure (Increases)

Bell Ringer

Compare the effects of the nonvolatile electrolytes with the effects of nonvolatile nonelectrolytes on the freezing and boiling points of solvents in which they are dissolved?

Why are such differences observed?

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Compare the effects of the nonvolatile electrolytes with the effects of nonvolatile nonelectrolytes on the freezing and boiling points of solvents in which they are dissolved?

A nonvolatile electrolyte will lower the freezing point or raise the boiling point more than a nonelectrolyte at the same concentration will.

Why are such differences observed?

One mole of a nonelectrolyte produces 1 mol of particles in solution. A mole of nonvolatile electrolyte produces more than 1 mol of ions in solution.

Hg, Ag, Zn, & Cu Cation Lab Day!

Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs Make the entry in the Table of Contents Name 1 Period # Honors Chemistry Lab Book 17-19 Group IA & IIA Cations 21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni Page Content 1 Table of Contents 2 Measurements Lab 3-5 Separation of a Mixture 7-9 Percentage of Water 11-15 Flame Test Lab Cations Lab 25-29 Hg, Ag, Zn, Cu Cations Lab

Bell Ringer

You will be continuing your lab on Hg, Ag, Zn and Cu Cation identification. BEFORE you can begin, your lab must be checked to ensure that it has the following parts:

Questioning: Predicting: Procedure: (check for variables) Safety:

Bell Ringer

This is your Unknown Identification portion of the lab on Hg, Ag, Zn, & Cu Cation identification. Be seated and ready for attendance before finishing your lab. Remember that your final sections should have the following parts:

Data & Observations: Calculations & Results: Qualitative!!!

Discussion of Results: Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES

Bell Ringer

This is your final day of the lab on Hg, Ag, Zn, & Cu Cation identification. Be seated and ready for attendance before finishing your lab. Remember that your final sections should have the following parts:

Data & Observations: Calculations & Results: Qualitative!!!

Discussion of Results: Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES

HC Additional Question

1) Some cations are soluble in water and others are not. We can force them to become soluble/insoluble by adding either _____________ or ___________. This either makes a precip form or dissolves one.

2) What are the names of: HCl HNO 3 HOAC NaOH 3) Which are acids and bases in question #2?

4) Why did it take a ton of NaOH on the right side?

Bell Ringer

Why does the actual freezing-point depression of an electrolytic solution differ from the freezing-point depression calculated on the basis of the concentration of particles?

Bell Ringer

Why does the actual freezing-point depression of an electrolytic solution differ from the freezing-point depression calculated on the basis of the concentration of particles?

The difference is caused by the attractive forces between the ions in the solution.

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Exam 13

Please pick up your remote that is assigned to your name. You may use scratch paper in the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be ready for the exam to begin.

Bell Ringer

Summarize the 5 characteristics of an acid and 5 characteristics of a base. ACTUALLY write them in your own words…you will need them later (see page 468 and 471).

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What are the similarities between a binary acid and an oxyacid (look at their chemical formulas)?

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What is the difference between Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis acids/bases.

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Identify the conjugate acid and conjugate base in the equation below: HCl + H 2 0  H 3 O + + Cl -

Titration Lab Day!

Bell Ringer

You will be continuing your lab on Titration. BEFORE you can begin, your lab must be checked to ensure that it has the following parts:

Questioning: Predicting: Procedure: (check for variables) Safety:

Bell Ringer

This is your final day for data collection. Be seated and ready for attendance before finishing your lab. Remember that your final sections should have the following parts:

Data & Observations: Calculations & Results: Qualitative & Quantitative!!!

Discussion of Results: Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES

Additional Questions

1) When you added deionized water to the HCl solution in the Erlenmeyer flask before titrating, why did the addition of water not affect the results?

2) What characteristic of phenolphthalein made it appropriate to use in this titration? 3) Could you have done the experiment without it? 4) How does phenolphthalein’s end point relate to the equivelence point of reaction?

Bell Ringer

You will need to follow your lab write up hand out to ensure that you will earn full points. You have today and tomorrow in the computer lab to complete your write up. You must have it submitted to Turnitin.com by Sunday night by midnight for full credit. Remember it tells me how much of your report is similar to others! This should be YOUR words!

Bell Ringer

Identify water in each of the following reactions as a Bronsted-Lowry acid or Base: H 2 O + NH 3 = OH + NH 4 + H 2 0 + HCl = H 3 O + + Cl -

Bell Ringer

Exam 14

Please pick up your remote that is assigned to your name. You may use scratch paper in the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be ready for the exam to begin.

Bell Ringer

Calculate the enthalpy change upon converting 1.00 mol of ice at  25  C to steam at 125  C under a constant pressure of 1 atm. The specific heats of ice, liquid water, and steam are 2.03 J/g-K, 4.18 J/g-K, and 1.84 J/g-K, respectively. For H 2 O, 

fus = 6.01 kJ/mol and 

vap = 40.67 kJ/mol.

Bell Ringer

Write the formula using the ionization constant of water (K w ) and describe what each of the components mean.

Bell Ringer

Determine the hydronium and hydroxide ion concentration in a solution that is 1 x 10 -4 M HCl.

Bell Ringer Continued

Bell Ringer

If you were using the following formula…What are you trying to calculate: -log[OH ]= ?

If a neutral solution at 25  C has a [OH ] of 1 x10 -7 what is the pOH?

Calcium Analysis Lab Day!

Bell Ringer

You will be continuing your lab on Calcium Analysis. BEFORE you can begin, your lab must be checked to ensure that it has the following parts:

Questioning: Predicting: Procedure: (check for variables) Safety:

Bell Ringer

This is your final day for data collection. Be seated and ready for attendance before finishing your lab. Remember that your final sections should have the following parts:

Data & Observations: Calculations & Results: Qualitative & Quantitative!!!

Discussion of Results: Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES

Bell Ringer

What is the concentration of hydronium ion in an aqueous solution that has a pH of 3?

If a student suggests the answer is -3….Is this correct? Why or Why not?

Bell Ringer Continued…

pH = -log[H 3 O + ] log[H 3 O + ] = -pH [H 3 O + ]= antilog (-pH) [H 3 O + ] = 1 x 10 -pH [H 3 O + ]= 1 x 10 -3

Bell Ringer

Exam 15

Please pick up your remote that is assigned to your name. You may use scratch paper in the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be ready for the exam to begin.

Bell Ringer

Balance the following reaction: Zn + H 2 SO 4 Mg + O 2   ZnSO MgO 4 + H 2 CaC 2 + H 2 O  Ca(OH) 2 + C 2 H 2 (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH + O 2 CuSO 4  5H 2 O   CuSO H 4 2 O + CO + H 2 O 2

Bell Ringer

What is the difference between temperature and heat?

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What is the difference between enthalpy change, enthalpy of reaction, enthalpy of formation, and enthalpy of combustion?

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What is the specific heat of a material if a 35 gram sample absorbed 96 J as it was heated from 293 K to 313 K?

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Calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature of 180.0 g of water from 10.0°C to 40.0°C. The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(K  g).

Bell Ringer

Calculate the change in Gibbs free energy for the following equation at 25°C. 2H 2 O 2 (l) → 2H 2 O(l) O 2 (g) Given  H= -196.0 kJ/mol  S = +125.9 J/mol

Bell Ringer

Exam 16

Please pick up your remote that is assigned to your name. You may use scratch paper in the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be ready for the exam to begin.

Antacid Analysis Lab Day!

Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs Make the entry in the Table of Contents Name 1 Period # Honors Chemistry Lab Book 17-19 Group IA & IIA Cations 21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni Page Content Cations Lab 25-29 Hg, Ag, Zn, Cu 1 Table of Contents 2 Measurements Lab Cations Lab 31-34 Titration Lab 35-39 Calcium Analysis 3-5 Separation of a Mixture 41-45 Antacid Analysis 7-9 Percentage of Water 11-15 Flame Test Lab

Bell Ringer

You will be continuing your lab on Antacid Analysis. BEFORE you can begin, your lab must be checked to ensure that it has the following parts:

Questioning: Predicting: Procedure: (check for variables) Safety:

Bell Ringer

Be seated and ready for attendance before finishing your lab. Remember that your final sections should have the following parts:

Data & Observations: Calculations & Results: Qualitative & Quantitative!!!

Discussion of Results: Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES

Bell Ringer

This is your final day for data collection. Be seated and ready for attendance before finishing your lab. Remember that your final sections should have the following parts:

Data & Observations: Calculations & Results: Qualitative & Quantitative!!!

Discussion of Results: Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES

Bell Ringer

What is the collision theory?

How is collision theory related to chemical reactions?

Be ready to share…

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Be ready to do your presentations. Have your learning logs out ready to work on your sections.

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Be ready to do your presentations. Have your learning logs out ready to work on your sections.

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Be ready to do your presentations. Have your learning logs out ready to work on your sections.

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Name 3 factors that could effect reaction rate. Describe how increasing or decreasing them will change the rate.

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Exam 17

Please pick up your remote that is assigned to your name. You may use scratch paper in the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be ready for the exam to begin.

Bell Ringer

The equilibrim constant is symbolized with a K. Analyze the equation below and see if you can determine how K is calculated from a chemical equation. Note that I used = for double arrow.

H 2 + I 2 = 2HI K = [HI] 2 [H 2 ][I 2 ]

Bell Ringer

An equilibrium mixture of N 2 , O 2 and NO gases at 1550 K is determined to be consist of 6.6 x 10 -3 mol/L of N 2 , 1.6 x 10 -3 and 1.3 x 10 -5 mol/L of O mol/L of NO. What is the 2 , equilibrium constant for the system at this temperature?

Bell Ringer Continued…

N 2 + O 2 = 2 NO K = [NO] 2 [N 2 ][O 2 ] K = (1.3 x 10 -51.6

mol/L) 2 (6.6 x 10 -3 mol/L) (1.6 x 10 -3 mol/L) K= 1.6 x 10 -5

Bell Ringer

Exam 18

Please pick up your remote that is assigned to your name. You may use scratch paper in the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be ready for the exam to begin.

Bell Ringer

What are the similarities and differences between oxidation and reduction?

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What is the oxidation numbers assigned to NO 3 ?

Bell Ringer

What is the oxidation numbers assigned to NO 3 ?

Oxygen is -2 and the overall charge is -1 That means that 3 x -2 = -6 The N must only be +5 to leave remainder of -1

Bell Ringer

In the following reactions, which element is being reduced?

SO 2 2KNO + H 2 O  3  H 2KNO 2 2 SO 3 + O 2

Bell Ringer

In the following reactions, which element is being reduced?

SO 2 + H 2 O  H 2 SO 3 Nothing is changing its charge so NOT Redox 2KNO 3  2KNO 2 + O 2 The oxygen is being oxidized to O 2 and the N ( +5 ) is reduced to N ( +3 )

Bell Ringer

How are oxidizing and reducing agents related to the vocabulary terms oxidation and reduction. There better be some REAL detail on this and don’t define a term with a term because in this case it is WRONG.

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Exam 19

Please pick up your remote that is assigned to your name. You may use scratch paper in the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be ready for the exam to begin.

Bell Ringer

Sketch a picture of the parts of an electrochemical cell and label their functions.

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What is the purpose of a salt bridge or porous cup in an electrochemical cell?

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What is the purpose of a salt bridge or porous cup in an electrochemical cell?

To keep the half reactions balanced and not allow them to build up a charge on one side. This would stop the reaction early. The salt bridge allows the ions to pass.

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Describe the operation of voltaic cells. You should include similarities and differences between dry cells, lead acid batteries and fuel cells.

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Describe the process of electrolysis in the decomposition of water and in the production of metals.

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Exam 20

Please pick up your remote that is assigned to your name. You may use scratch paper in the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be ready for the exam to begin.

Bell Ringer

Practice for the Final Day…No time to play. Be seated and ready for instructions.

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Practice for the Final Day…No time to play. Be seated and ready for instructions.

District Exam

Pick up your remote from the CPS bag. Be sure that it is YOUR number. Begin testing immediately. You may use: Paper to show your work and a Calculator. No Cell Phones!

Bell Ringer

Day 1 of 4 for our Calorimeter Lab You will use a hand out to begin writing up our Lab Log entry.

I. Procedures…detailed by simplified (should have prediction prior to starting) II. Safety-MSDS is a good resource III. Data/Observation Table ready for collection IN PEN…Partners are fine to this point

Lab Day 2 of 4 Data Collection

Before you can begin collecting data…you must have your lab book entry preapproved. I. Procedures-short and sweet but shouldn’t need the manual to know how to do the lab. WITH A Prediction!

II. Safety section for chemicals and equipment we are using. MSDS is your BFF.

III. Data/Observations (begin after approval)

Lab Day 3 of 4

Final Day for Calorimeter Data Collection!

Remember a full lab report includes: Intro , Procedures , Safety , Data & Observations , Calculations & Results (excel graphs etc ), Discussion of Results , References in ACS and Additional Questions .

You will be submitting all 8 sections to me on Tuesday after the break. Paper copy submission please… No 3 rd Person! Individual work!

Lab Day 4 of 4

Final Day for Calorimeter Data Collection!

You will be submitting all 8 sections to me on Tuesday after the break. Paper copy submission please… No 3 rd Person! Individual work!

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Finals Bell Ringer

Pick up your remote, take out your calculator (no cell phones) & scratch paper.

No personal periodic tables but the one in our test booklet or on the wall is fair game. Your grade is based on number correct so it is to your best interest to answer every question.