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Using Heat to Increase Cooling How New Cooling Technologies for Data Centres Can Increase Efficiency and Reliability George Hannah BEng (Hons) CEng MIMechE Product Development Director Contents - High Temperature Operation - Problem or Opportunity? - Air Containment – Why is it so important? - The Compressed Hot Aisle – Review - Hot, Compressed Hot or Cold Aisle – Which is Better? Energy Use and Data Centre Heat Management 2.8% Cooling 1.75 million tonnes CO2 £385,000,000 a year Data Centre Power Consumption Indexed growth Space & energy Demand Growth 2010-2015 (estimated): United Kingdom High density 130 2020 Power 125 Space 120 28.5% 115 in next 5 years 110 105 100 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Source: DCD High Temperature Operation Problem or Opportunity? The Second Law of Thermodynamics “The second law states that spontaneous natural processes increase entropy overall, or in another formulation that heat can spontaneously be conducted or radiated only from a higher-temperature region to a lowertemperature region, but not the other way around.” TC TW Increasing Entropy TH Increasing Temperature = Increasing Opportunity ROOM = 20 - 27°C ROOM RACK Increasing Opportunity CPU RACK = 28 - 47°C Increasing Opportunity CPU = 60 - 100°C Server Technology Development Discharge Air – Increasing Temperature 28 ºC 35 ºC 47 ºC 2kW 8kW 31kW Capacity – Increasing Density ASHRAE – TC 9.9 Thermal Guidelines “TC 9.9 obtained informal consensus from the major commercial IT equipment manufacturers for both recommended” and “allowable” temperature and humidity ranges and for four environmental classes,…..” ASHRAE – TC 9.9 Thermal Guidelines ASHRAE – TC 9.9 Thermal Guidelines Increasing Opportunity Data Centre Temperature ºC 35+ Capable 27 ASHRAE recommended 22 Conventional Cooling system Capacity (kW) 0 16 18 20 24 26 Room temp ºC 28 Rising Temperature and Cost Savings № CRAC units for 800kW 300,000 kgCO2 £63,000 200,000 kgCO2 £42,000 CO2 £ Running costs 12 CRAC unit 8 CRAC unit 22 27 Room temp ºC Air Containment – Why is it so important? Airflow Management Mixing of Air - The Compressed Hot Aisle – Review Traditional Hot Aisle Containment (HAC) COLD AISLE COLD AISLE CRAC HOT AISLE ICT Cabinet Solution A – Compressed Hot Aisle – ECHO ECHO Racks ECHO Active Cabinet Exhaust ECHO Chilled Water CRAC’s ECHO Free Cooling Chiller Solution A – Compressed Hot Aisle – ECHO COMPRESSED HOT AISLE COLD AISLE CRAC ICT Cabinet COLD AISLE Solution B – Compressed Hot Aisle – OnRak Solution B – Compressed Hot Aisle – OnRak COMPRESSED HOT AISLE COLD AISLE COLD AISLE COLD AISLE - Hot, Compressed Hot or Cold Aisle – Which is Better? Hot Aisle vs. Cold Aisle vs. Compressed Hot Aisle Feature Cold Aisle Hot Aisle Compressed Hot Aisle HX Return Air Temperature 20 – 27°C 28 – 47°C 28 – 47°C Server Inlet Temperature Approx 16°C 20 – 27°C 20 – 27°C Magnitude of Free Cooling Opportunity Medium High High Cooling System Efficiency Medium High High CPU Efficiency High Medium Medium Space Claim Medium Medium Low Noise Medium Medium Low* Working Environment Ambient Medium Medium Good * = ECHO System Questions?