Transcript Model Airplane Stick Building 101 By: Doc Ferguson

Model Airplane Stick Building 101
By: Patrick “ Doc “Ferguson
Rather than boring anyone, I would like to guide you
through many aspects of building stick models and
preparing you with some basics.
First off, find a hobby store and pick out a model airplane
kit to build. Ask the clerk or shop owner for some help,
as they can determine what model would be best for you
to start your building experience.
The nick name “ Doc” was given to me because I once was a Fleet
Marine Corp Navy Corpsman. Here I am at the Vietnam wall finding
the names of my friendsthat did not make it home. Semper Fi !
The Kit
In most kits you will find a rolled up set of plans, an instruction
sheet and the parts that you will need for your building project.
This is a Herr Kit. One of the better model kits. There are
others, too. Guillow is an old name, and made kits as far back
as the 1930’s. All the parts are in a plastic bag. This lessens
the chance for parts being lost or broken.
Before opening the parts, read over the plans and become
familiar with the parts and where they go. Spread the plans
out using thumb tasks at the corner to hold plans flat on the
building board. It’s best to have the plans tacked down for
about 24hours before starting to build to assure flatness.
The instruction sheet may contain a list of tools that are
recommended, as well as the kit inventory. It is important to
determine that all of the parts are in the box.
These particular parts are laser cut. The parts in the sealed bag are not
numbered. It is important to number each part in accordance with the
instruction sheet. Failure to do so will have you hunting with each piece
like a puzzle, and by doing so will avoid much frustration while building.
Parts are not numbered
Parts may fall out of sheets
Instruction sheets will indicate the parts number and show that
they are located on separate pieces of balsa that must be matched
up with the instructions.
#2) Put the number on the
parts as shown on the list on
the parts sheet
#1) Match up the printed
and die-cutbalsa sheet
with the parts sheet
Identify the part and number it with a ball point, pen or pencil
Mailing label
This can also be done with stick-on mailing labels cut up in small squares
and placed on wax paper. The part is free of ink or pencil which eliminates
sanding later to remove the part number from the balsa.
Scrap or part
This is a part that fell out of the sheet.
It could have been confused for scrap
and lost.
It is better to leave small parts such as these intact in
its sheet until actually needed. In this case they are
gussets used in in the wing.
These small parts (gussets, in this case) are not important
until you actually need them.
A small part, maybe, but very significant.
The dihedral gauge is used in final assembly
of the wings. It is a very important part.
For propeller
All the parts have been numbered and this is the only scrap
remaining in the kit. Laser cutting does not waste wood.
Some small parts are sometimes placed in a separate small bag
In this case, thread for the rigging and nose piece and
cross piece for the rubber band motor.
Essential tools listed on instructions.
Building board.
Layout of plan
Use wax paper over the plan to protect it and prevent glue
from sticking parts to the plan to allow for easy removal.
A small magnet on a string retrieves all those pins that drop on the floor.
Ball pins and hobby T-pins with magnet. Should the pins get bent or soiled with
glue throw them away. Don’t be frugal. Pins should be sharp and straight
This small Dixie cup was all the glue that was necessary to glue the entire
model project from start to finish. Easy on the glue and you get a neat model.
Starting the build
M
Avoid pinning thin balsa
especially on the ends,
or its “splits-ville!”
Cross-pinning, or inserting pins at an angle, prevents the balsa from splitting
The pins are not placed into the thin balsa of the stringers. The pins are wedged
between the former and the stringer, just to hold the stringer until the glue sets.
Again the pin is only wedged between the rib and
stringer until the glue hardens.
A small brush is useful for applying glue. Use glue
sparingly to keep the model neat and avoid unnecessary
sanding later. Excess use of glue can cause distortion.
A cup of water for the brush will keep it soft, and use a
separate cup for glue. Notice the small drop of glue. That
is all that is necessary when working from one part to
another. Use a paper towel to dry the brush before dipping
into glue. “ Don’t over glue!!!!!
I use T-pins as well as other types. There is a tool to insert and remove Tpins. I use a hemostat and twist. I always keep two fingers on the work,
one on either side of the pin, when removing the pins to prevent breakage of
my work.
I apply a small amount of glue to the part let it get tacky
and then place in position. It should stand up straight all
on its own, practically.
A small square is useful to assure that the parts are at 90 degrees
Scrap
Notice the pins in the tail of
the home made triangles to
keep 90 degrees.
With scrap you can
make small triangles
that will fit in tight
spaces.
These longerons are laser cut. Before any application of glue, trial fit
very carefully since this is going from rib to rib. “Do not force. If it binds,
sand lightly until it slides into the rib without resistance. Again use your
brush and apply glue sparingly.
By carefullly gluing and fitting parts, your fuselage will not need
much sanding. (It’s starting to look like a Ryan ST already)
MAKING A SPINNER
Glue an 1/8 in dowel about
Two inches in length.
Chuck into portable drill.
Use a sanding stick to
round into bullet shape
Use a triangle to draw a
line from corner to corner.
Drill an 1/8 inch hole
In the center. Use
A drill press to be
accurate
Balsa square
Laminated parts ready for shaping
Wings
• The important part of building wings is to
have a truly flat surface to prevent building
warps and twists into the wing. If this
happens there are ways to correct twist
and warps, but it is very difficult. It is much
easier to use a building board of
basswood or soft white pine.
Its important to have a good flat straight building board. This is ceiling
tile. There are commercial building boards. I made the table to fit my
size and working height.
Use wax paper or clear food wrap to cover your plans. Use small
pins T-pins or with a small ball to pin through the ribs if necessary
A dihedral gauge in position on the root rib
and pinned to prevent shifting of a rib.
The top spar needs to be pre- fitted to the rib especially on
ribs that are all glued together. Do not try to force fit or you might
break the stringer or rib. This is where an emery file is useful.
Widen and deepen the rib for the spar just enough that you
need notforce it into the slot. Just so it fits and is not sloppy.
Now is the time for that final sanding and shaping of parts such as
the wheel pants.
By cutting a small notch at the end of the spar and under cutting
at a 45 degree angle with a razor the spar easily bends to shape,
and the part can be pinned if thick or cross pinned if thin balsa.
There are times when plans are not very specific about instructions and
unless you have knowledge of what the designer is telling you to do it may
be confusing. These are called “doublers”! These fit upright on both sides of
the rib. The reason is that a 1/32 hole is drilled through the rib. Without
the doublers, the rib would split or be very weak. String goes through this
hole for rigging.
Give the wheel pants a final sanding with #400 sand paper.
I
I have indicated that simple paint stirring sticks 1 x 3 pine boards, emery
boards for finger nails, number 11 blades and single edge razor blades are
all used to finish your model. You need a long straight board with #400
paper to smooth all the balsa for covering. In this case Japanese paper
will be used for covering.
A great site for tissue covering a static model or indoor electric models is
Located at. http://www.easybuiltmodels.com/ebl.htm. That site has many
Photo’s tips, tools, chalking techniques and more.
Covering techniques next:
Gampi tissue
Dacron
Dope
Krylon
Doc Ferguson
Gampi or Japanese tissue
• As a young man, all of our airplane models came with tissue paper
for covering our airplanes. Usually it was white tissue or maybe a
color like red or blue and very little variety. Most of us used clear
modeling dope to adhere the tissue to the wings and frames. It was
tedious work, and many times the results were not what we hoped
for in appearance. As a builder of U-control airplanes, wings mainly
came with balsa ribs that were covered with sheet balsa covering
which could be painted with dope and colored dope or paint. We
also had silk, which was more expensive, and again special
technique was needed to prepare the frame to get good results.
Today we have iron-on covering, fabric covering which is more user
friendly. The art of using Gampi tissue is being lost and is being
rediscovered by many scratch builders. The tissue is not the same
as the cheap tissue paper that was found in most hobby stores.
With tissue its important to determine which way the grain runs.
By determining which way the grain runs is important as to how
this will stretch and pull on our model and how neat it will appear.
The shiny side faces out. The dull side to the inside. This will be
important to remember should you choose to use pastel chalk to
color your tissue or otherwise dramatically change the appearance
or camouflage your your tissue. See Easy Built site for other
techniques.
So just way does the grain of paper go?
One of the first instructions I found when building stick models was to determine
which way the grain went on Gampi tissue or any other modeling tissue. The issue
of grain was never explained to me until I got into constructing fireworks.
Gampi tissue is used as a separation between halves of round fireworks shells.
Again the issue of grain came into the instructions as to wrapping shells. Just what
is grain and how do you determine which way the grain of any paper goes?
I was taught a very simple test! Tearing of the paper determines which way the
grain actually goes. If you tear with the grain you will get a nice clean tear line and
no ragged edges.
Paper tears
straight
with the grain.
See how neat and straight the tear is when you tear with the grain! No
more guessing as to which way the grain of paper is going.
The results of tearing against the grain are very dramatic and leave no
question that the tear is running ragged and not true.
Notice the ragged
tearing
When it tears ragged
Its against the grain