Transcript UTTAR PRADESH

Main Findings: Positive Trends
• Increase in Agriculture MiniumumWages as well as
wage earned per day and annual income (Source: IIM Lucknow,
NDUAT Faizabad)
• Effective targeting of marginalized groups SC/ST/BPL
IIM Lucknow: 85.3 % of the beneficiaries (out of the sample coverage) belong to BPL, of
these, 50% belong to Schedule Castes, 44.5 % belong to Other Backward classes
Finding supported by ASCI and IIM Ahmedabad in their studies of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat &
West Bengal
• NREGA is used as a supplementary income source
during non-agricultural seasons (Source: IIM Ahmedabad)
• Families having more dependence on animal husbandry
receive relatively more employment (Source: IIM Ahmedabad)
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Main Findings: Positive Trends
• Gram Pradhans & Gram Sabhas play the most important
role in generating awareness about NREGA (Source: IIM Lucknow)
• Districts identified as good performing districts on the
basis of MPRs/MIS found to be performing better than the
other districts (source: IIM Lucknow)
• Work availability increased post NREGA
• The information from MPRs found to be accurate at the level
of the district (Source: IIM Ahmedabad)
Main Findings: Positive Trends
• Multiplier effects of NREGA
-Improvement in ground water (Anantapur) (Source: ASCI)
- Improved agricultural productivity (Anantpur, Andhra Pradesh,
Uttarakhand)
-Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong points out that in
Meghalaya NREGA has lead to livelihood diversification in rural
areas.
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Main Findings: Institutional Gaps & Other Constraints
• Oral applications and non-issuance of dated receipts; in Uttar Pradesh as
per the study of IIM Lucknow, 88% of the applicants were not given
receipts
• Applicants not able to get employment within the mandated 15 day time
frame. IIMA identified non availability of shelf of work as the reason for
employment not being offered in district Dangs in Gujarat.
• Poor maintenance of records, including Muster Rolls, Job Cards
• Non-availability of NREGS records on request in some states
• Limited availability of dedicated NREGA staff
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Main Findings: Areas for Further Research
• Distortions in labor market & possible non-viability of small farm
agriculture since the increase in minimum wage has been observed
to have a positive significant on NREGA employment (source: IIM
Ahmedabad)
• Some states more efficient in creating more employment days per
job card
• Expenditure per employment day – especially on non-wage
component - turned out to be smaller in such states
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UTTAR PRADESH
Districts: Bareilly, Jalaun, Jhansi, Gorakhpur, Kushinagar, Faizabad, Barabanki, Sultanpur, Azamgarh,
Aligarh
Institutions: IIM Lucknow, ND University of Agriculture Technology, Faizabad
Positive Trends
•Increase in Agriculture Miniumum Wages as well as wage earned per day and annual income
•Effective targeting of marginalized groups SC/ST/BPL
85.3 % of the beneficiaries (out of the sample coverage) BPL (50% SC, 44.5 % OBC)
•Local wage rate increased by 15-20% in the surveyed Panchayats
•Increase in availability of work post NREGA
•Gram Pradhan/Sabha play an important in generating awareness about the Scheme
•98% beneficiaries operating through bank accounts
•91% of the HHs issued Job Cards in 15 days
•87% of the workers received payment with a fortnight
Institutional Gaps & Other Constraints
•Low percentage of workers issued dated demand receipts (only 12%)
•Low women participation (around 20%)
•Record maintenance needs to be improved (updation of work done, wage paid etc.)
•Need for more effective grievance and redressal mechanism
•Only 58% of beneficiaries provided work within 15 days
•80% respondents unaware about helpline
West Bengal
Districts: Bardhman, Birbhum, Malda, Purulia, Bankura, Purb Medinipur, Jalpaiguri
Institutions: IIT Kharagpur, IIM Calcutta, IIM Ahmedabad
Positive Trends
• High level of awareness among villagers
• ST/SC/OBC & BPL households receive relatively more employment
• High participation of women work force
• Around 80% of the workers received payments on time
• NREGA is used as a supplementary income source during non-agricultural season
Institutional Gaps & Other Constraints
• Some Job Cards without photographs
• Closeness in relation to Panchayats ensures employment
• Families having more dependence on animal husbandry receive relatively more
employment
• High participation of SC/ST/BPL households
• Availability of non-NREGA employment & higher non-NREGA wages reduce
NREGA employment
Orissa
Districts: Mayurbhanj, Balasore
Institutions: IIT Kharagpur
Positive Trends
• Majority of villagers are satisfied with the registration process
• Custody of Job Cards: Self or Head of the Family: 86%
• Local conveyance provided to workers
Institutional Gaps & Constraints
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In Mahisapatta: for 40% respondents, job cards were with sarpanchs
In Mohulia and Sinduragaur: for 22%, job cards were with the ward members
Average waiting time of 31 days for getting work after application
No display of list of ongoing works
No helpline for grievance redressal
Mismatch between days entered in the job cards versus that stated by the workers
Discrimination in providing Job Cards
Maharashtra
Districts: Akola & Thane
Institutions: Central Institute for Fisheries Education, Mumbai
Positive Trends
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Increased opportunity for jobs in Mokhada
High participation of ST women workers in NREGA
Financial inclusion aiding in bringing the marginalized into the formal banking sector
At Nashera, Mokhada average employ-ment per HH was 102 days* under NREGA in
2007-08
Institutional Gaps & Constraints
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Accurate assessment of demand is required to be made
Low salary of Gram Rozgar Sewaks
Worksite facilities need to be provided
Muster Roll verification needs to be done more regularly
Unemployment allowance not given
Delay in payment of wages
Andhra Pradesh
Districts: Adilabad, Guntur, Anantpur
Institutions: Administrative Staff College of India
Positive Trends
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55% participation of SC/ST
High level of NREGA awareness (70% of the sample)
Anantapur district reported improvement in ground water
Adilabad district, NREGA has helped improve the functioning of Gram
Panchayats
Improved agricultural productivity
Stemming of distress migration
Schematic convergence with NHM, MIP, Housing, ITDAs and DRDAs
Media publicity leading to increased transparency
Institutional Gaps & Constraints
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Some beneficiaries noted wage payment with a wait of more than 15 days
Provision of unemployment allowance needs to be strengthened
Participation of Gram Panchayats and intermediate PRIs remains marginal
Sustainability of the assets
Uttarakhand
Districts: IIT Roorkee
Institutions: Haridwar, Tehri & Champawat
Positive Trends
• 25% higher wages for women as compared to pre-NREGS
• Work provided closer to residential areas
• Decision making power within household increased for women
• Digging of ponds, desiliting of channels taken up for the first time
• Increase in crop productivity in low lying agricultural land; drainage of excess rain water
• Deputy POs, with MBA qualification, appointed in both the blocks
Institutional Gaps & Constraints
• Low awareness among workers and NREGA functionaries
• Job Cards not in possession of the workers in a majority of cases (of the sample surveyed)
• No receipts for job applications
• Record maintenance and custody of Job Cards
• Feasibility of wage payment through accounts
• No Social Audits conducted
• Quality of assets created
• Inadequate staff
Meghalaya
Districts: South Garo, East Khasi, West Garo & East Garo Hills, Ri Bhoi
Institution: IIM Shillong
Positive Trends
• 95 % of the local people happy with the choice of works
• In 50% of the cases, the quality of work does not look satisfactory
• Muster Roll entries match Job Cards in 100% of the cases
• Wage payment within 15 (82% of sample) & equal wage rate
• Financial and social empowerment of women: Min. of 30% representation in VEC.
• Reduction in distress migration
• In all places, GRS, VEC and AEC members have all been trained
• Ensuring of Environmental, Social and cultural sustainability. ( Ex. works on terrace
cultivation, creation of AEC and VEC and inclusion of women therein )
• Creation of social capital and reduction in moral hazard in rural society
• Convergence with line Departments like RD, Horticulture, Irrigation
Institutional Gaps & Constraints
• 80% of the cases the measurement of work is not done on time
• 40 % of the AEC and VEC members and 90% of the wage seekers not aware
• Villages surveyed had only two approved shelf of projects ready to start
• Inadequate worksite facilities
• Only one Technical assistant for the whole block
Sikkim
District: North, East & South Districts
Institution: IIM Shillong
Positive Trends
• 95 % of the local people happy with the choice of works
• 95% of the workers agreed that the banks and post office is present within 5 km
from their village.
• In all cases, the muster rolls are properly maintained
• There is no evidence of contractors and middle men
• 45% of the people agreed that they are able to purchase new assets for their home
because of working in NREGA
Institutional Gaps & Other Constraints
• 100% of the workers are facing the problem of long delay in the payments.
• 60% of the people say that there is no indication of payment details in muster roll.
Karnataka
Districts:Hassan, Chitradurga, Shimoga, Devangere
Institution: University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
Positive Trends
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Increase in annual mean income post NREGA in all the districts
Increase in number of annual working days in all districts
Increase in number of bank accounts opened
Good practices: Change of work timings -7 AM to 2-30 PM (Soraba)
Institutional Gaps & Other Constraints
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Full time dedicated staff for NREGA required
Record maintenance needs to be improved
Delay in Payment (20 days-Arasikere)
MIS not updates
No entries in Job Cards in Chitradurga district
Nagaland
Districts: Kohima, Mokochung, Wokha, Tuensang
Institutions: Nagaland University
Positive Trends
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High level of awareness about NREGA
Agriculture wage more than NREGA wage
Wages paid within 15 days
In a majority of the cases Muster Rolls were read out during wage payment
Increase in work availability
Institutional Gaps & Constraints
• Inadequate staff
• Inadequate training